I have a table test(id,name).
I need to insert values like: user's log, 'my user', customer's.
insert into test values (1,'user's log');
insert into test values (2,''my users'');
insert into test values (3,'customer's');
I am getting an error if I run any of the above statements.
If there is any method to do this correctly please share. I don't want any prepared statements.
Is it possible using sql escaping mechanism?
String literals
Escaping single quotes ' by doubling them up → '' is the standard way and works of course:
'user's log' -- incorrect syntax (unbalanced quote)
'user''s log'
Plain single quotes (ASCII / UTF-8 code 39), mind you, not backticks `, which have no special purpose in Postgres (unlike certain other RDBMS) and not double-quotes ", used for identifiers.
In old versions or if you still run with standard_conforming_strings = off or, generally, if you prepend your string with E to declare Posix escape string syntax, you can also escape with the backslash \:
E'user\'s log'
Backslash itself is escaped with another backslash. But that's generally not preferable.
If you have to deal with many single quotes or multiple layers of escaping, you can avoid quoting hell in PostgreSQL with dollar-quoted strings:
'escape '' with '''''
$$escape ' with ''$$
To further avoid confusion among dollar-quotes, add a unique token to each pair:
$token$escape ' with ''$token$
Which can be nested any number of levels:
$token2$Inner string: $token1$escape ' with ''$token1$ is nested$token2$
Pay attention if the $ character should have special meaning in your client software. You may have to escape it in addition. This is not the case with standard PostgreSQL clients like psql or pgAdmin.
That is all very useful for writing PL/pgSQL functions or ad-hoc SQL commands. It cannot alleviate the need to use prepared statements or some other method to safeguard against SQL injection in your application when user input is possible, though. #Craig's answer has more on that. More details:
SQL injection in Postgres functions vs prepared queries
Values inside Postgres
When dealing with values inside the database, there are a couple of useful functions to quote strings properly:
quote_literal() or quote_nullable() - the latter outputs the unquoted string NULL for null input.
There is also quote_ident() to double-quote strings where needed to get valid SQL identifiers.
format() with the format specifier %L is equivalent to quote_nullable().
Like: format('%L', string_var)
concat() or concat_ws() are typically no good for this purpose as those do not escape nested single quotes and backslashes.
According to PostgreSQL documentation (4.1.2.1. String Constants):
To include a single-quote character within a string constant, write
two adjacent single quotes, e.g. 'Dianne''s horse'.
See also the standard_conforming_strings parameter, which controls whether escaping with backslashes works.
This is so many worlds of bad, because your question implies that you probably have gaping SQL injection holes in your application.
You should be using parameterized statements. For Java, use PreparedStatement with placeholders. You say you don't want to use parameterised statements, but you don't explain why, and frankly it has to be a very good reason not to use them because they're the simplest, safest way to fix the problem you are trying to solve.
See Preventing SQL Injection in Java. Don't be Bobby's next victim.
There is no public function in PgJDBC for string quoting and escaping. That's partly because it might make it seem like a good idea.
There are built-in quoting functions quote_literal and quote_ident in PostgreSQL, but they are for PL/PgSQL functions that use EXECUTE. These days quote_literal is mostly obsoleted by EXECUTE ... USING, which is the parameterised version, because it's safer and easier. You cannot use them for the purpose you explain here, because they're server-side functions.
Imagine what happens if you get the value ');DROP SCHEMA public;-- from a malicious user. You'd produce:
insert into test values (1,'');DROP SCHEMA public;--');
which breaks down to two statements and a comment that gets ignored:
insert into test values (1,'');
DROP SCHEMA public;
--');
Whoops, there goes your database.
In postgresql if you want to insert values with ' in it then for this you have to give extra '
insert into test values (1,'user''s log');
insert into test values (2,'''my users''');
insert into test values (3,'customer''s');
you can use the postrgesql chr(int) function:
insert into test values (2,'|| chr(39)||'my users'||chr(39)||');
When I used Python to insert values into PostgreSQL, I also met the question: column "xxx" does not exist.
The I find the reason in wiki.postgresql:
PostgreSQL uses only single quotes for this (i.e. WHERE name = 'John'). Double quotes are used to quote system identifiers; field names, table names, etc. (i.e. WHERE "last name" = 'Smith').
MySQL uses ` (accent mark or backtick) to quote system identifiers, which is decidedly non-standard.
It means PostgreSQL can use only single quote for field names, table names, etc. So you can not use single quote in value.
My situation is: I want to insert values "the difference of it’s adj for sb and it's adj of sb" into PostgreSQL.
How I figure out this problem:
I replace ' with ’, and I replace " with '. Because PostgreSQL value does not support double quote.
So I think you can use following codes to insert values:
insert into test values (1,'user’s log');
insert into test values (2,'my users');
insert into test values (3,'customer’s');
If you need to get the work done inside Pg:
to_json(value)
https://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.3/static/functions-json.html#FUNCTIONS-JSON-TABLE
You must have to add an extra single quotes -> ' and make doubling quote them up like below examples -> ' ' is the standard way and works of course:
Wrong way: 'user's log'
Right way: 'user''s log'
problem:
insert into test values (1,'user's log');
insert into test values (2,''my users'');
insert into test values (3,'customer's');
Solutions:
insert into test values (1,'user''s log');
insert into test values (2,'''my users''');
insert into test values (3,'customer''s');
I am inserting text from a file into a table, few of the lines have words like "you'll" or "don't". When I insert these lines as varchar in my table, I get an error saying - near "ll": syntax error. How do I overcome this?
Your single quote is being considered as the end of your string. Escape the quote that exists within your string to avoid this problem.
You need to escape your SQL statement. If you are using SQL Server, then you can use QUOTENAME to resolve this.
Use two apostrophes within apostrophe-quoted strings to insert the apostrophe:
insert into footable (foo) values('you''ll')
Thank you all for responses, since I was using sqlite3, there are inbuilt string formating functions available with the library, so I was able to use sqlite3_mprintf with %q instead of %s and it took care of single quotes.
I'm using sqlite3_exec() function in order to execute an SQL Insert command. The problem starts when I need to insert strings that need to be encoded.
For example, I want to insert the following string: "f('hello')". If I want to insert this string I need to change "'" to "''".
My question is, how do I encode these strings? Is there a function I can count on? or a table that details all the needed encodes?
Thanks! :-)
Instead of manually escaping strings (which is error-prone and invites SQL injection attacks), I'd strongly recommend using prepared statements and bind values; read up on sqlite3_bind_XXX and sqlite3_prepare_v2
Using bind values will solve this problem and it will also make sqlite faster because it remembers previously executed sql statements and it can reuse their execution plans. This doesn't work when the sql statement is always slightly different because it hashes the complete sql statement.
sqlite_mprintf supports %q for that.
"Maybe" you should use something like a prepared statement. I am not an expert in SQLite, but I found this link (http://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/stmt.html) and it could help you. It is about SQL Statement Object.
How to escape the special characters when executing an SQL query, when it is executed from Delphi using TADOQuery or TADOCommand etc..
For example the "scope operator".
Query looks like this.
GRANT CONTROL ON SCHEMA :: dbo TO supervisor
Thanks & Regards,
Pavan.
I do not work with Delphi for a while, so far I remember a few tricks:
Set ParamCheck = False;
Run queries with connection.Execute(SQL);
I am trying to write an sql query and I am having a problem. When we want to write a query with a where clause to narrow down our results, we can do
... where name = 'John'
(Where name is a column in the table).
Now I am trying to insert a clause like this except the name is "O'Malley". So I thought the query would be
... where name = 'O'Malley'
but this gives me a null pointer exception.
Does anyone know how you could solve this problem?
Thanks for your help in advance.
Your problem is that the single quote in the string "O'Malley" is interpreted by SQL as the string terminator. To escape a single quote, replace it with two single quotes, like this:
where name = 'O''Malley'
Edit: If the string "O'Malley" came from a user input, your code is vulnerable to an SQL injection exploit. To avoid this risk, use a parameterized query.
Use bind variables to avoid thinking about quotation problems.
Bind variables beware of sql injection to.
Depending on the database you could escape the ' I think. Have a look at http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/string-syntax.html
If you use two apostrophes together in you search string SQL will realise that it is part of the string and isn't part of the SQL syntax.
where name = 'O''Malley'