Im struggling to rewrite a code block from Vue2 Options Api to Vue3 Composition Api, using script setup.
//imports
import {
createNamespacedHelpers
} from "vuex";
//function
const {
mapGetters
} = createNamespacedHelpers(
"something"
);
Any pointers to help me understand this better?
Related
Background
I'm creating an App in Vue3 using Composition API. I decided to use <script setup> tags for all my components and views because I wanted to use the most up to date syntax for my app in Vue3's Composition API.
Confusion
However, when looking through the docs, I noticed that Pinia is designed to be used inside setup() inside of <script> tags? I thought the setup() function was a way to enable Composition API features inside an older Options API app?
I naturally assumed that Pinia would be designed to work natively within <script setup> as it is recommended as the state management tool for all new Vue3 projects. In the main Vue.js docs, they use <script setup> for their sample of Composition API.
Question
So I guess I have two parts to the questions:
Why would they design Pinia to integrate only with Options API <script> instead of Composition API <script setup>?
How do you use Pinia with <script setup> and is there documentation for this?
I could also be ignorant to something, but if anyone could offer some clarity to this I'd be grateful so I would not have to refactor all my components to Options API with a setup() function.
<script setup> is only a syntax sugar for Composition API with setup(). Anything that you can do with setup() can be done with <script setup>. <script setup> helps you write code almost like standard JavaScript, instead of having to follow the Vue-specific syntax.
I'm not sure why you thought Pinia can only be integrated with Options API. In <script setup> you can use Pinia like the following:
Your component.vue file:
<script
setup
lang="ts">
import {useStore} from './store'
const store = useStore()
</script>
<template>
<p>{{store.text}}</p>
</template>
Your store.ts file:
import {defineStore} from 'pinia'
export const useStore = defineStore('main', {
state: () => (<{
text : string
}>{
text: 'This is some text'
})
})
Following the setup guide for Vuejs and Pinia
<script setup>
import {useStore} from "../stores/store.js";
export default {
setup() {
const store = useStore();
return {
store,
}
},
}
</script>
I get the following error from Vite:
[vite] Internal server error: [#vue/compiler-sfc] <script setup> cannot contain ES module exports. If you are using a previous version of <script setup>, please consult the updated RFC at https://github.com/vuejs/rfcs/pull/227.
How do I move to a version of <script setup> that will allow me to do the above?
Thanks!
A bit of confusion on my end it seems. The docs talk about adding <script setup> and then also demonstrate using setup(){}, but they don't explicitly state that its one or the other.
Method 1:
<script setup>
import {useStore} from "../stores/store.js";
const store = useStore();
// do stuff
</script>
Method 2:
<script>
import { defineComponent } from 'vue'
import {useStore} from "../stores/store.js";
export default defineComponent({
setup() {
const store = useStore();
// do stuff
return {
store,
}
}
})
</script>
I think you mismatched two methods of local components registration.
Check:
https://vuejs.org/guide/components/registration.html#local-registration
https://vuejs.org/guide/reusability/composables.html#what-is-a-composable
When using SFC with , imported components are automatically registered locally:
<script setup>
import { useStore } from '../store/store.js'
const { store } = useStore()
</script>
Add Following code to your main.js file
import { createApp } from 'vue'
import './style.css'
import App from './App.vue'
import { createPinia } from 'pinia'
const app = createApp(App)
.use(createPinia())
app.mount('#app')
I'm building a component library that uses the v-tooltip plugin. So I need to install and use the plugin in the component itself instead using it globally with app.use().
I've read so many posts, and what I've tried so far doesn't work for my case.
I know that I can access the app in the Composition API as:
import VTooltip from 'v-tooltip';
import 'v-tooltip/dist/v-tooltip.css';
const App = getCurrentInstance().appContext.app;
App.use(VTooltip);
but that doesn't work, and I get this warning:
[Vue warn]: Component is missing template or render function.
Any help would be greatly appreciated.
to use this plugin in the component itself, you can try to do something like this:
<template>
<button v-tooltip="/* your code */"> Custom button </button>
</template>
<script lang="ts">
import { defineComponent } from "vue";
import VTooltip from "v-tooltip";
export default defineComponent({
directives: {
tooltip: VTooltip.VTooltip,
"close-popover": VTooltip.VClosePopover,
"v-popover": VTooltip.VPopover,
},
});
</script>
Thanks #Rago, you gave me an idea with the directives. The solution was really simple in this case... At the moment v-tooltip is undergoing a package rename (to floating-vue), so with the new plugin you can decide if you want to use a component or a directive.
This is the solution:
<template>
...
<span v-tooltip="help" class="form-help">?</span>
...
</template>
<script>
import 'floating-vue/dist/style.css';
import { VTooltip } from 'floating-vue';
export default defineComponent({
directives: {
tooltip: VTooltip,
},
...
});
</script>
And for the Composition API you just import it, and Vue will automatically detect the directive if you follow the naming convention - putting v in front of the directive:
import 'floating-vue/dist/style.css';
import { VTooltip } from 'floating-vue';
const vTooltip = VTooltip;
After learning Vue.js lately, i'm pretty match confused about how to write vue component syntax
i keep seeing youtube tutorials, as well as articles, and everyone uses a different approach.
in terms of vue 3
should we use
export default to create a component
or export default defineComponent
or new Vue({
so how to decide the right way on how to create App component and the rest of its child components and pages etc ..
Hopefully my question is clear enough.
Thanks
If you need to create multiple components I would highly recommend using Single File Components (SFC)
Here you define a new component as (inside the <script> tag):
import { defineComponent } from 'vue'
export default defineComponent({
// ...
})
(or export default {} if not using TypeScript)
For the main app component you would do this:
import { createApp } from "vue";
const app = createApp(App)
app.mount('#app')
OR just like this, if you don't need to extent Vue with vue-router, Vuex etc.
import { createApp } from "vue";
createApp(App).mount('#app')
I have a Vue 2 project that has many (50+) single-file components. I use Vue-Router for routing and Vuex for state.
There is a file, called helpers.js, that contains a bunch of general-purpose functions, such as capitalizing the first letter of a string. This file looks like this:
export default {
capitalizeFirstLetter(str) {
return str.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + str.slice(1);
}
}
My main.js file initializes the app:
import Vue from 'vue'
import VueResource from "vue-resource"
import store from "./store"
import Router from "./router"
import App from "./components/App.vue"
Vue.use(VueResource)
const app = new Vue({
router: Router,
store,
template: '<app></app>',
components: { App },
}).$mount('#app')
My App.vue file contains the template:
<template>
<navbar></navbar>
<div class="container">
<router-view></router-view>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
data() {
return {
// stuff
}
}
}
</script>
I then have a bunch of single-file components, which Vue-Router handles navigating to inside the <router-view> tag in the App.vue template.
Now let's say that I need to use the capitalizeFirstLetter() function inside a component that is defined in SomeComponent.vue. In order to do this, I first need to import it:
<template>Some Component</template>
<script>
import {capitalizeFirstLetter} from '../helpers.js'
export default {
data() {
return {
myString = "test"
}
},
created() {
var newString = this.capitalizeFirstLetter(this.myString)
}
}
</script>
This becomes a problem quickly because I end up importing the function into many different components, if not all of them. This seems repetitive and also makes the project harder to maintain. For example if I want to rename helpers.js, or the functions inside it, I then need to go into every single component that imports it and modify the import statement.
Long story short: how do I make the functions inside helpers.js globally available so that I can call them inside any component without having to first import them and then prepend this to the function name? I basically want to be able to do this:
<script>
export default {
data() {
return {
myString = "test"
}
},
created() {
var newString = capitalizeFirstLetter(this.myString)
}
}
</script>
inside any component without having to first import them and then prepend this to the function name
What you described is mixin.
Vue.mixin({
methods: {
capitalizeFirstLetter: str => str.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + str.slice(1);
}
})
This is a global mixin. with this ALL your components will have a capitalizeFirstLetter method, so you can call this.capitalizeFirstLetter(...) from component methods or you can call it directly as capitalizeFirstLetter(...) in component template.
Working example: http://codepen.io/CodinCat/pen/LWRVGQ?editors=1010
See the documentation here: https://v2.vuejs.org/v2/guide/mixins.html
Otherwise, you could try to make your helpers function a plugin:
import Vue from 'vue'
import helpers from './helpers'
const plugin = {
install () {
Vue.helpers = helpers
Vue.prototype.$helpers = helpers
}
}
Vue.use(plugin)
In your helper.js export your functions, this way:
const capFirstLetter = (val) => val.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + val.slice(1);
const img2xUrl = (val) => `${val.replace(/(\.[\w\d_-]+)$/i, '#2x$1')} 2x`;
export default { capFirstLetter, img2xUrl };
or
export default {
capFirstLetter(val) {
return val.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + val.slice(1);
},
img2xUrl(val) {
return `${val.replace(/(\.[\w\d_-]+)$/i, '#2x$1')} 2x`;
},
};
You should then be able to use them anywhere in your components using:
this.$helpers.capitalizeFirstLetter()
or anywhere in your application using:
Vue.helpers.capitalizeFirstLetter()
You can learn more about this in the documentation: https://v2.vuejs.org/v2/guide/plugins.html
Create a new mixin:
"src/mixins/generalMixin.js"
Vue.mixin({
methods: {
capitalizeFirstLetter(str) {
return str.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + str.slice(1);
}
}
})
Then import it into your main.js like:
import '#/mixins/generalMixin'
From now on you will be able to use the function like this.capitalizeFirstLetter(str) within your component script or without this in a template. i.e.:
<template>
<div>{{ capitalizeFirstLetter('hello') }}</div>
</template>
You have to use this because you mixed a method into the main Vue instance. If there are ways of removing this it will probably involve something unconventional, this at least is a documented way of sharing functions which will be easy to understand for any future Vue devs to your project.
Using Webpack v4
Create a separate file for readability (just dropped mine in plugins folder).
Reproduced from #CodinCat and #digout responses.
//resources/js/plugins/mixin.js
import Vue from 'vue';
Vue.mixin({
methods: {
capitalizeFirstLetter: str => str.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + str.slice(1),
sampleFunction() {
alert('Global Functions');
},
}
});
Then, import in your main.js or app.js file.
//app.js
import mixin from './plugins/mixin';
USAGE:
Call this.sampleFunction() or this.capitalizeFirstLetter().
Use a global filter if it only concerns how data is formatted when rendered. This is the first example in the docs:
{{ message | capitalize }}
Vue.filter('capitalize', function (value) {
if (!value) return ''
value = value.toString()
return value.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + value.slice(1)
})
Great question. In my research I found vue-inject can handle this in the best way. I have many function libraries (services) kept separate from standard vue component logic handling methods. My choice is to have component methods just be delegators that call the service functions.
https://github.com/jackmellis/vue-inject
Import it in the main.js file just like 'store' and you can access it in all the components.
import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App'
import router from './router'
import store from './store'
Vue.config.productionTip = false
/* eslint-disable no-new */
new Vue({
el: '#app',
store,
router,
render: h => h(App)
})