count specific value over all dataframe in python - pandas

I have a large dataframe (235832 rows × 79 columns) that contains genotype data rows mean = variants columns mean = patients
I want to search many values in a dataframe ( all, not specific column or row )
So ,
I want to return the number of finding [-1, -1] or [0 -1] across all dataframe how can I do it in python
example of dataframe
0 1 2 3 ... 78
0 [-1, -1] [0, 0] [0, 0] ... [0 -1]
1 [0 0] [0,0] [-1 -1] ... [0 -1]
and so on until 235832
I want count [-1,-1] or [0,-1] in the dataframe
it return 4 in my example

OK. I think you just need to count the occurrences of [-1, -1] and [0, -1]. I am not sure about the formatting. But in general,
Suppose, your dataframe's name is df
df_melted = df.melt()
Running the cell above will get all the values of your original dataframe in ONE column, then, you can run
df['value'].value_counts()
This will return you the counts of all the values within including what you are seeking.

Convert values to tuples by DataFrame.applymap, compare by DataFrame.isin and sum Trues for count matched values:
a = np.array([0,-1])
b = np.array([-1,-1])
c = np.array([1,-1])
df = pd.DataFrame({'a':[a,b,c],'b':[a,b,a],'c':[c,a,c]})
print (df)
a b c
0 [0, -1] [0, -1] [1, -1]
1 [-1, -1] [-1, -1] [0, -1]
2 [1, -1] [0, -1] [1, -1]
out = df.applymap(tuple).isin([tuple( [0,-1] ), tuple( [-1,-1] )] ).sum().sum()
print (out)
6

Related

get elements in one array while not in other array along with axis 0 [duplicate]

I have 2 2d numpy arrays A and B
I want to remove all the rows in A which appear in B.
I tried something like this:
A[~np.isin(A, B)]
but isin keeps the dimensions of A, I need one boolean value per row to filter it.
EDIT: something like this
A = np.array([[3, 0, 4],
[3, 1, 1],
[0, 5, 9]])
B = np.array([[1, 1, 1],
[3, 1, 1]])
.....
A = np.array([[3, 0, 4],
[0, 5, 9]])
Probably not the most performant solution, but does exactly what you want. You can change the dtype of A and B to be a unit consisting of one row. You need to ensure that the arrays are contiguous first, e.g. with ascontiguousarray:
Av = np.ascontiguousarray(A).view(np.dtype([('', A.dtype, A.shape[1])])).ravel()
Bv = np.ascontiguousarray(B).view(Av.dtype).ravel()
Now you can apply np.isin directly:
>>> np.isin(Av, Bv)
array([False, True, False])
According to the docs, invert=True is faster than negating the output of isin, so you can do
A[np.isin(Av, Bv, invert=True)]
Try the following - it uses matrix multiplication for dimensionality reduction:
import numpy as np
A = np.array([[3, 0, 4],
[3, 1, 1],
[0, 5, 9]])
B = np.array([[1, 1, 1],
[3, 1, 1]])
arr_max = np.maximum(A.max(0) + 1, B.max(0) + 1)
print (A[~np.isin(A.dot(arr_max), B.dot(arr_max))])
Output:
[[3 0 4]
[0 5 9]]
This is certainly not the most performant solution but it is relatively easy to read:
A = np.array([row for row in A if row not in B])
Edit:
I found that the code does not correctly work, but this does:
A = [row for row in A if not any(np.equal(B, row).all(1))]

Coalescing rows from boolean mask

I have a 2D array and a boolean mask of the same size. I want to use the mask to coalesce consecutive rows in the 2D array: By coalesce I mean to reduce the rows by taking the first occurrence. An example:
rows = np.r_['1,2,0', :6, :6]
mask = np.tile([1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1], (2,1)).T.astype(bool)
Expected output:
array([[0, 0],
[2, 2],
[3, 3],
[4, 4])
And to illustrate how the output might be obtained:
array([[0, 0], array([[0, 0], array([[0, 0],
[1, 1], [0, 0], [2, 2],
[2, 2], -> select -> [2, 2], -> reduce -> [3, 3],
[3, 3], [3, 3], [4, 4]])
[4, 4], [4, 4],
[5, 5]]) [4, 4]])
What I have tried:
rows[~mask].reshape(-1,2)
But this will only select the rows which should not be reduced.
Upgraded answer
I realized that my initial submission did a lot of unnecessary operations, I realized that given mask
mask = [1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,0]
You simply want to negate the leading ones:
#negate:v v v
mask = [0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0]
then negate the mask to get your wanted rows. This way is MUCH more efficient than doing a forward fill on indices and removing repeated indices (see old answer). Revised solution:
import numpy as np
rows = np.r_['1,2,0', :6, :6]
mask = np.tile([1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1], (2,1)).T.astype(bool)
def maskforwardfill(a: np.ndarray, mask: np.ndarray):
mask = mask.copy()
mask[1:] = mask[1:] & mask[:-1] # Negate leading True values
mask[0] = False # First element should always be False, either it is False anyways, or it is a leading True value (which should be set to False)
return a[~mask] # index out wanted rows
# Reduce mask's dimension since I assume that you only do complete rows
print(maskforwardfill(rows, mask.any(1)))
#[[0 0]
# [2 2]
# [3 3]
# [4 4]]
Old answer
Here I assume that you only need complete rows (like in #Arne's answer). My idea is that given the mask and the corresponding array indices
mask = [1,1,0,0,1,1]
indices = [0,1,2,3,4,5]
you can use np.diff to first obtain
indices = [0,-1,2,3,4,-1]
Then a forward fill (where -1 acts as nan) on the indices such that you get
[0,0,2,3,4,4]
of which can use np.unique to remove repeated indices:
[0,2,3,4] # The rows indices you want
Code:
import numpy as np
rows = np.r_['1,2,0', :6, :6]
mask = np.tile([1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1], (2,1)).T.astype(bool)
def maskforwardfill(a: np.ndarray, mask: np.ndarray):
mask = mask.copy()
indices = np.arange(len(a))
mask[np.diff(mask,prepend=[0]) == 1] = False # set leading True to False
indices[mask] = -1
indices = np.maximum.accumulate(indices) # forward fill indices
indices = np.unique(indices) # remove repeats
return a[indices] # index out wanted rows
# Reduce mask's dimension since I assume that you only do complete rows
print(maskforwardfill(rows, mask.any(1)))
#[[0 0]
# [2 2]
# [3 3]
# [4 4]]
Assuming it's always about complete rows, you can reduce the mask to one dimension. Then a straightforward approach is to iterate over the rows:
# reduce mask to one dimension for row selection
mask_1d = mask.any(axis=1)
# replace rows with previous ones based on mask
for i in range(1, len(rows)):
if mask_1d[i-1] and mask_1d[i]:
rows[i] = rows[i-1]
# leave out repeated rows
reduced = [rows[0]]
for i in range(1, len(rows)):
if not (rows[i] == rows[i-1]).all():
reduced.append(rows[i])
reduced = np.array(reduced)
reduced
array([[0, 0],
[2, 2],
[3, 3],
[4, 4]])

return the entire row with has the max value in numpy - python

val = np.array([[1, 3], [2, 5], [0, 6], [1, 2] ])
print(np.max(val))
6
I also want to print the row [0,6]. with axis it returns all the value from other rows as well. argmax doesnt return the row index.
One way is to use np.where which return indexes where true:
r,_ = np.where(val == np.max(val))
val[r]
Output:
array([[0, 6]])

How to understand the np.argwhere function?

Signature: np.argwhere(a)
Docstring:
Find the indices of array elements that are non-zero, grouped by element.
Examples
>>> x = np.arange(6).reshape(2,3)
>>> x
array([[0, 1, 2],
[3, 4, 5]])
>>> np.argwhere(x>1)
array([[0, 2],
[1, 0],
[1, 1],
[1, 2]])
What does it mean by 'non-zero' and 'grouped by element'? and what is "x>1"?
In each row the first entry is the row index and the second entry is the column index of the entries of x that satisfy the condition.
For example:
2 is greater than 1
so the first row of argwhere gives you [0, 2]
pointing to the position of 2 in x.
Find the indices (positions) of array elements that are non-zero (true), grouped by element (each index is its own row).
Basically, if you pass a boolean array, you will find the indices where that array is true, but transposed so that the indices in the form [[x1, x2, ...], [y1, y2, ...]] become in the form [[x1, y1], [x2, y2], ...].
x > 1 is a boolean array which is True wherever x > 1 and False wherever x <= 1. In your example, it looks loke
[[False, False, True],
[True, True, True]]

Substitute entries of numpy array with numpy arrays

I have a numpy array A of size ((s1,...sm)) with integer entries and a dictionary D with integers as keys and numpy arrays of size ((t)) as values. I would like to evaluate the dictionary on every entry of the array A to get a new array B of size ((s1,...sm,t)).
For example
D={1:[0,1],2:[1,0]}
A=np.array([1,2,1])
The output shout be
array([[0,1],[1,0],[0,1]])
Motivation: I have an array with indexes of unit vectors as entries and I need to transform it into an array with the vectors as entries.
If you can rename your keys to be 0-indexed, you might use direct array querying on your unit vectors:
>>> units = np.array([D[1], D[2]])
>>> B = units[A - 1] # -1 because 0 indexed: 1 -> 0, 2 -> 1
>>> B
array([[0, 1],
[1, 0],
[0, 1]])
And similarly for any shape:
>>> A = np.random.random_integers(0, 1, (10, 11, 12))
>>> A.shape
(10, 11, 12)
>>> B = units[A]
>>> B.shape
(10, 11, 12, 2)
You can learn more about advanced indexing on the numpy doc
>>> np.asarray([D[key] for key in A])
array([[0, 1],
[1, 0],
[0, 1]])
Here's an approach using np.searchsorted to locate those row indices to index into the values of the dictionary and then simply indexing it to get the desired output, like so -
idx = np.searchsorted(D.keys(),A)
out = np.asarray(D.values())[idx]
Sample run -
In [45]: A
Out[45]: array([1, 2, 1])
In [46]: D
Out[46]: {1: [0, 1], 2: [1, 0]}
In [47]: idx = np.searchsorted(D.keys(),A)
...: out = np.asarray(D.values())[idx]
...:
In [48]: out
Out[48]:
array([[0, 1],
[1, 0],
[0, 1]])