This question already has answers here:
SQL Server store multiple values in sql variable
(7 answers)
Closed 2 months ago.
I am trying to set values but need to use a field, rather than inputting hundreds of values.
Current code:
DECLARE #variable AS VARCHAR (100)
SET #variable = 'Y'
I need to be able to use a field as the value:
SET #variable = tbl.field
I have also tried
DECLARE #variable AS table (val varchar (100))
insert into #variable (val)
(SELECT
distinct field
FROM
tbl])
select * from #variable
SELECT * FROM tbl
WHERE field = #variable
However this code simply runs both at the same time, creating two outputs, so I am missing a link here
I need to be able to run the code so that all available values are set as each option needs to be tested at once.
You declared a scalar variable. It holds only one value, and cannot hold more than one value.
In this approach, you can store multiple values.
DECLARE #variable AS TABLE(val VARCHAR(50))
INSERT INTO #variable(val) VALUES
('Y'),
('N')
SELECT * FROM #variable
As Larnu wrote, you can't assign a scalar value to hold two values.
My suggestions are using a temporary table to hold all of your values, or assign both values as one and break them with STRING_SPLIT.
For example:
DECLARE #variable VARCHAR(100) = 'Y,N'
SELECT value
FROM STRING_SPLIT(#variable, ',')
A scaler variable only can store a single value in each set/select statement.
Related
Is it possible to replace multiple words in a string in sql without using multiple replace functions?
For example I have a string where I need to replace word 'POLYESTER' with 'POLY' , 'COTTON' with 'CTN', 'GRAPHIC' with 'GRPHC' etc in order to keep the string length at a max of say 30 without much loosing the readability of contents in it(can't use substring to limit chars since it can trim the end meaningful parts of string completely). So we decided to short some keywords like above.
Current query I have used :
SELECT
REPLACE(REPLACE('**Some string value **COTTON **Some string value ** POLYESTER', 'POLYESTER', 'POLY'), 'COTTON', 'CTN')
If I have 10 keywords like this, what will be the best way to achieve the result other than using multiple replace function. I am using SQL Server 2012.
considering sql server is your only instrument (not a c# or another application), as a workaroud; use a temp or persistent table to store replacement options.
IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#tmp') IS NOT NULL
DROP TABLE #tmp
CREATE TABLE #tmp (
fromText VARCHAR(16),
toText VARCHAR(16)
);
INSERT INTO #tmp (fromText, toText)
VALUES
('POLYESTER', 'POLY'),
('COTTON', 'CTN'),
('GRAPHIC', 'GRPHC')
DECLARE #someValue AS NVARCHAR(MAX) =
'**Some string value **COTTON **Some string value ** POLYESTER';
SELECT #someValue = REPLACE(#someValue, fromText, toText) FROM #tmp;
PRINT #someValue
and the result is:
**Some string value **CTN **Some string value ** POLY.
The answer of mehmetx is actually very nice.
If you need your replacement functionality on a regular basis, you could think about using a normal table instead of a temporary table.
But if you need this logic only once in a while, and performance is not much of an issue, you could avoid the additional replacements table altogether and use a table expression in the FROM clause instead. Something like this:
DECLARE #someValue AS NVARCHAR(MAX) = '**Some string value **COTTON **Some string value ** POLYESTER';
SELECT #someValue = REPLACE(#someValue, fromText, toText)
FROM
(VALUES
('POLYESTER', 'POLY'),
('COTTON', 'CTN'),
('GRAPHIC', 'GRPHC')
) AS S (fromText, toText);
EDIT:
I noticed, that this logic regrettably does not work as expected when used in an UPDATE statement to update existing data in a table.
For that purpose (if needed), I created a user-defined function that performs the replacement logic. I called it MultiReplace. And it does not use the replacement data from a temporary table, but from a "normal" table, which I called Replacements.
The following code demonstrates it. It uses a data table called MyData, which gets updated with all replacements in the Replacements table using the MultiReplace function:
IF OBJECT_ID('MultiReplace') IS NOT NULL
DROP FUNCTION MultiReplace;
IF OBJECT_ID('Replacements') IS NOT NULL
DROP TABLE Replacements;
IF OBJECT_ID('MyData') IS NOT NULL
DROP TABLE MyData;
GO
CREATE TABLE Replacements (
fromText VARCHAR(100),
toText VARCHAR(100)
);
CREATE TABLE MyData (
SomeValue VARCHAR(MAX)
)
GO
CREATE FUNCTION MultiReplace(#someValue AS VARCHAR(MAX))
RETURNS VARCHAR(MAX)
AS
BEGIN
SELECT #someValue = REPLACE(#someValue, fromText, toText) FROM Replacements;
RETURN #someValue;
END;
GO
INSERT INTO MyData (SomeValue)
VALUES
('**Some string value **COTTON **Some string value ** POLYESTER');
INSERT INTO Replacements (fromText, toText)
VALUES
('POLYESTER', 'POLY'),
('COTTON', 'CTN'),
('GRAPHIC', 'GRPHC');
SELECT * FROM MyData;
UPDATE MyData SET SomeValue = dbo.MultiReplace(SomeValue)
SELECT * FROM MyData;
But perhaps using multiple REPLACE statements might be more straightforward after all?...
EDIT 2:
Based on the short conversation in the comments, I could propose a simpler solution that uses multiple REPLACE statements in a clearer way. I have only tested it on SQL Server 2019; I am not sure if it will work correctly on SQL Server 2012.
Again, I use a table called MyData for testing here. But there are no additional database objects anymore.
Regrettably, I did not get it to work with a temporary table containing the replacement values.
-- Preparations:
IF OBJECT_ID('MyData') IS NOT NULL
DROP TABLE MyData;
CREATE TABLE MyData (
SomeValue VARCHAR(MAX)
);
INSERT INTO MyData
VALUES
('**Some string value **COTTON **Some string value ** POLYESTER'),
('**Another string value **GRAPHIC **Another string value ** POLYESTER');
-- Actual work:
SELECT * FROM MyData; -- Show the state before updating
DECLARE #someValue VARCHAR(MAX);
UPDATE MyData
SET
#someValue = SomeValue,
#someValue = REPLACE(#someValue, 'POLYESTER', 'POLY'),
#someValue = REPLACE(#someValue, 'COTTON', 'CTN'),
#someValue = REPLACE(#someValue, 'GRAPHIC', 'GRPHC'),
SomeValue = #someValue;
SELECT * FROM MyData; -- Show the state after updating
I would like to create a function that returns a column based on input from three other columns. As temporary tables are not allowed within functions, is it possible to create a table variable from three input columns?
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.convert_value(
#CustomerID VARCHAR(MAX),
#CustomerValue VARCHAR(MAX),
#CustomerDescription VARCHAR(MAX)
)
RETURNS FLOAT
AS BEGIN
DECLARE #CustomerTable TABLE (
UniquePatientUID VARCHAR(MAX),
ResultValue VARCHAR(MAX),
PracticeDescription VARCHAR(MAX)
);
-- How can I insert #UniquePatientUID, #ResultValue and #PracticeDescription into #CustomerTable
END
The context of this question is that I have a SQL script that uses temporary tables and many UPDATE and ALTER TABLE statements, that I need to convert into a function. That script begins with the three columns mentioned, and adds a fourth column, Converted_Value, which is calculated with several hundred lines of code and manipulating temporary tables. Is there any hope here?
A table variable insert is really not different than a regular insert. Don't use temp tables. You can alter the table as well, or just declare it initially with that fourth column and allow it to be NULL.
INSERT INTO #CustomerTable (UniquePatientUID, ResultValue, PracticeDescription)
VALUES(#CustomerID, #CustomerValue, #CustomerDescription);
Don't forget to return the FLOAT.
Table Variable is a table so, you can just use INSERT INTO ... VALUES....
INSERT INTO #CustomerTable (UniquePatientUID,ResultValue,PracticeDescription )
VALUES
(#UniquePatientUID, #ResultValue , #PracticeDescription)
Unless you need a table variable for some specific reason, why not just work with the variables as a derived table expression? i.e.
;with inputs (UniquePatientUID, ResultValue, PracticeDescription) as
(
select #UniquePatientUID, #ResultValue, #PracticeDescription
)
select *
from inputs
Table variables fall out of scope after the function call, and you can't pass table types in or out of functions either. So really all a table variable does here is serve as a means of place keeping that's more familiar to SQL developers. But they're not free, which is the only reason I'm curious what your use case is.
If you don't need to return them as a set or something similar, you can just interact with the variables directly too.
This question already has answers here:
Which is the best way to form the string value using column from a Table with rows having same ID?
(2 answers)
Closed 7 years ago.
I need to do something like this in SSIS:
From one SQL table I need to get some id values, I am using a simple sql query:
Select ID from Identifier where value is not null.
I've got this result:
As a final result I need to generate and set a variable in SSIS with the final value:
#var = '198','120','ACP','120','PQU'
Which I need to use later in a odbc expression.
Is this possible in SSIS?
Just to clarify: The image is just a little example of what I can get from the first part of the process. I mean, the number of ID that I need is unknown.
Use simple query
DECLARE #TEST TABLE(ID NVARCHAR(10))
INSERT INTO #TEST VALUES('186'), ('120'), ('ACP'), ('120'), ('PQU')
DECLARE #ID VARCHAR(8000)
SELECT #ID = CONCAT(COALESCE(#ID + ',''', ''''), ID, '''')
FROM #TEST
SELECT #ID
Result
'186','120','ACP','120','PQU'
The answer escapes me...maybe because it is not possible...
Example that works...
SELECT * FROM TABLEA WHERE FIELD1 IN ('aaa','bbb','ccc')
Example that does not work...
Attempt to leverage variable so that I can define the values once in a string of statements
DECLARE #ListValues VARCHAR(50)
SET #ListValues = '''aaa'',''bbb'',''ccc'''
SELECT * FROM TABLEA WHERE FIELD1 IN (#ListValues)
This is is obviously only a small part of the equation and for other reasons...
I cannot leverage a table for the values and change this to a true sub-query
The closest question I could find was this one... but does not cover my requirements obviously...
Storing single quotes in varchar variable SQL Server 2008
Thanks in advance.
You can do this using dynamic SQL:
DECLARE #ListValues VARCHAR(MAX)
,#SQL VARCHAR(MAX)
SELECT #ListValues = '''aaa'',''bbb'',''ccc'''
,#SQL = 'SELECT * FROM TABLEA WHERE FIELD1 IN ('+#ListValues+')'
EXEC (#SQL)
It doesn't work because the IN operator expects a list of items - here strings.
What you're supplying with your #ListValues variable however is a single string - not a list of strings.
What you could do is use a table variable and store your values in it:
DECLARE #ListOfValues TABLE (ItemName VARCHAR(50))
INSERT INTO #ListOfValues(ItemName)
VALUES('aaa'), ('bbb'), ('ccc')
SELECT *
FROM TABLEA
WHERE FIELD1 IN (SELECT ItemName FROM #ListOfValues)
Build your whole SQL query dynamically (say it's stored in a string variable #sql),
and then execute it with EXEC (#sql). Better yet, use the sp_executesql SP
because this approach is more secure (less prone to SQL injection) than EXEC.
See: sp_executesql
The IN operator in SQLServer expect a list of values, your variable is a single string, the query parsed will be different
SELECT * FROM TABLEA WHERE FIELD1 IN ('aaa','bbb','ccc')
SELECT * FROM TABLEA WHERE FIELD1 IN ("'aaa','bbb','ccc'")
Attention: the double quotes are there only for readability, to get the string with single quote in it.
if you know a programming language the first one is like searching in an array, the second is a string.
To store a list in your variable it need to a table
DECLARE #varTable TABLE (field1 varchar())
So that you can use it in your IN
SELECT * FROM TABLEA WHERE FIELD1 IN (SELECT field1 FROM #varTable)
To add values to the table variable use an INSERT statament like usual for tables.
I am using below query
SELECT #local_variable=Adtid from table where Adtid can have multiple values stored into it. As I don't know what to use instead of '=' in #local_variable=Adtid. Can anyone suggest please what I should use instead of '=' so that my local varaible can have all values of Adtid
The variable can't actually hold multiple values. You can declare a table variable instead, where you can then do something like
declare #tableVariable table
(
Adtid int
);
insert into #tableVariable
select Adtid from table where Adtid ...
This puts the relevant rows inside your table variable. Now you can use the table variable to eg. create a cursor (to go row by row in the data - you can also do that on the original select if you only need to go through once) or use it in a join clause.
You can use below syntax for get the Adtid as comma separator in result
DECLARE #local_variable VARCHAR(100) =''
SELECT #local_variable += CAST(Adtid AS VARCHAR) + ',' FROM TABLE
PRINT #local_variable
and another way as per below answer.