We have these tables in PostgreSQL 12:
User -> id, name, email
items -> id, user_id, description
We want to run a query to find users that have 1 item or less.
I tried using a join statement and in the WHERE clause tried to put the count of users < 1 with this query
select * from "user" inner join item on "user".id = item.user_id where count(item.user_id) < 1;
but it failed and gave me this error.
ERROR: aggregate functions are not allowed in WHERE
LINE 1: ...inner join item on "user".id = item.user_id where count(item...
so im thinking the query needs to be more techincal.
Can anyone please help me with this? thanks
You can do:
select u.*
from user u
left join (
select user_id, count(*) as cnt from items group by user_id
) x on x.user_id = u.id
where x.cnt = 1 or x.cnt is null
You don't technically need a JOIN for this. You can get all the necessary data from the item table with GROUP BY. The trick is you need to use HAVING instead of WHERE for aggregated data like COUNT()
SELECT user_id
FROM item
GROUP BY user_id
HAVING COUNT(id) > 1
But we can add a JOIN if you want to see more fields from the user table:
SELECT u.id, u.name, u.email
FROM item i
INNER JOIN "user" u on u.id = i.user_id
GROUP BY u.id, u.name, u.email
HAVING COUNT(i.id) > 1
Related
Suppose I have two tables,
User
Post
Posts are made by Users (i.e. the Post Table will have foreign key of user)
Now my question is,
Print the details of all the users who have more than 10 posts
To solve this, I can type the following query and it would give me the desired result,
SELECT * from USER where user_id in (SELECT user_id from POST group by user_id having count(user_id) > 10)
The problem occurs when I also want to print the Count of the Posts along with the user details. Now obtaining the count of user is not possible from USER table. That can only be done from POST table. But, I can't get two values from my subquery, i.e. I can't do the following,
SELECT * from USER where user_id in (SELECT user_id, **count(user_id)** from POST group by user_id having count(user_id) > 10)
So, how do I resolve this issue? One solution I know is this, but this I think it would be a very naive way to resolve this and will make the query much more complex and also much more slow,
SELECT u.*, (SELECT po.count(user_id) from POST as po group by user_id having po.count(user_id) > 10) from USER u where u.user_id in (SELECT p.user_id from POST p group by user_id having p.count(user_id) > 10)
Is there any other way to solve this using subqueries?
Move the aggregation to the from clause:
SELECT u.*, p.num_posts
FROM user u JOIN
(SELECT p.user_id, COUNT(*) as num_posts
FROM post p
GROUP BY p.user_id
HAVING COUNT(*) > 10
) p
ON u.user_id = p.user_id;
You can do this with subqueries:
select u.*
from (select u.*,
(select count(*) from post p where p.user_id = u.user_id) as num_posts
from users u
) u
where num_posts > 10;
With an index on post(user_id), this might actually have better performance than the version using JOIN/GROUP BY.
You can try by joining the tables, Prefer to do a JOIN than using SUBQUERY
SELECT user.*, count( post.user_id ) as postcount
FROM user LEFT JOIN post ON users.user_id = post.user_id
GROUP BY post.user_id
HAVING postcount > 10 ;
We have two tables, User, Emails. They have relationship on User.id == Emails.user_id. If we are interested in those users who have more than one different emails, using join we can accomplish by this JOIN:
SELECT * FROM User
JOIN Emails as EM1 ON User.id = Emails.user_id
JOIN Emails as EM2 ON User.id = Emails.user_id
Where EM1.address_line != EM2.address_line;
How can we achieve the same result using subquery?
You can use a correlated subquery:
select u.*
from users u
where (select count(*)
from emails e
where e.user_id = u.id
) >= 2;
You could use a subquery that only returned user_id from Emails where the user has more than one email address.
Then join this to the User table on that user_id:
SELECT *
FROM User u
INNER JOIN (
SELECT user_id
FROM Emails
GROUP BY user_id
HAVING COUNT(*) > 1
) a ON a.user_id = u.id
The subquery will only return user_id when there is more than one row in the Emails table for that user, which is what you asked for.
Note: SQL is untested.
I am using python on a SQlite3 DB i created. I have the DB created and currently just using command line to try and get the sql statement correct.
I have 2 tables.
Table 1 - users
user_id, name, message_count
Table 2 - messages
id, date, message, user_id
When I setup table two, I added this statement in the creation of my messages table, but I have no clue what, if anything, it does:
FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users (user_id)
What I am trying to do is return a list containing the name and message count during 2020. I have used this statement to get the TOTAL number of posts in 2020, and it works:
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM messages WHERE substr(date,1,4)='2020';
But I am struggling with figuring out if I should Join the tables, or if there is a way to pull just the info I need. The statement I want would look something like this:
SELECT name, COUNT(*) FROM users JOIN messages ON messages.user_id = users.user_id WHERE substr(date,1,4)='2020';
One option uses a correlated subquery:
select u.*,
(
select count(*)
from messages m
where m.user_id = u.user_id and m.date >= '2020-01-01' and m.date < '2021-01-01'
) as cnt_messages
from users u
This query would take advantage of an index on messages(user_id, date).
You could also join and aggregate. If you want to allow users that have no messages, a left join is a appropriate:
select u.name, count(m.user_id) as cnt_messages
from users u
left join messages m
on m.user_id = u.user_id and m.date >= '2020-01-01' and m.date < '2021-01-01'
group by u.user_id, u.name
Note that it is more efficient to filter the date column against literal dates than applying a function on it (which precludes the use of an index).
You are missing a GROUP BY clause to group by user:
SELECT u.user_id, u.name, COUNT(*) AS counter
FROM users u JOIN messages m
ON m.user_id = u.user_id
WHERE substr(m.date,1,4)='2020'
GROUP BY u.user_id, u.name
I am trying to formulate a single SQL query that will count a table across a one to many relationship. Here is the short version of my schema:
User(id)
Group(id)
UserGroup(user_id, group_id)
Post(id, user_id, group_id)
The goal is to return the count of posts for each user in a group. The specific issue I am running into is my current query cannot return 0 for a user that has no posts. Here is my naive query:
SELECT
COUNT(*) as total,
user_id
FROM
posts
WHERE
group_id = ?
GROUP BY user_id
ORDER BY
total DESC
This works fine when every user has a post, but when some have no posts, they do not show up in the list. How can I write a single query that handles this scenario and returns count 0 for said users? I know I need to somehow incorporate UserGroup to get the list of users, but am stuck from there.
Use a left join:
SELECT u.id, COUNT(*) as total
FROM users u LEFT JOIN
posts p
ON p.user_id = u.id AND
p.group_id = ?
GROUP BY u.id
ORDER BY total DESC
I think I got it, but not sure how performant.
select count(p), u.id from users u left join (select * from workouts where group_id = ?) p on p.user_id = u.id where u.id in (select user_id from user_group where group_id = ?) group by u.id;
I have two entities, User and MaBase. MaBase contains user_id and status. I want to get the count of status by user, I also want to show a 0 for any status values where the user doesn't have a record.
I created the below query using count, but it only returns non-null values. How I can solve this:
SELECT status, COUNT(*)
FROM ma_base
WHERE ma_base.user_id = 5
GROUP BY status
I have 5 types of status values. If a user only has ma_base records for 4 of them, I still want to see a 0 value for the 5th status.
It's not every day I get to write a CROSS JOIN:
SELECT u.ID, s.status,
coalesce((SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ma_base m WHERE m.User_Id = u.ID and m.status = s.Status),0) As Status_Count
FROM User u
CROSS JOIN (SELECT DISTINCT status FROM MA_Base) s
WHERE u.ID = 5
OR:
SELECT u.ID, s.status, COALESCE(COUNT(m.status), 0) AS Status_Count
FROM User u
CROSS JOIN (SELECT DISTINCT status FROM MA_Base) s
LEFT JOIN MA_Base m ON m.User_Id = u.ID AND m.status = s.status
WHERE u.ID = 5
GROUP BY u.ID, s.status
In a nutshell, we first need to create a projection for the user with every possible status value, to anchor the result records for your "missing" statuses. Then we can JOIN or do a correlated subquery to get your desired results.
For the JOIN option, note the expression in the COUNT() function. It's important; COUNT(*) won't do what you want. For both options, note the use of COALESCE() to put the expected result in for NULL.
If you have a separate table defining your status values, use that instead of deriving them from ma_base.