Tensorflow mixed_precision error `x` and `y` must have the same dtype, got tf.float16 != tf.float32 - tensorflow

mixed_precision.set_global_policy(policy="mixed_float16") gives an error when I add this line
error =
TypeError Traceback (most recent call
last) in
5 #mixed_precision.set_global_policy(policy="float32")
6 input_shape = (224, 224, 3)
----> 7 base_model = tf.keras.applications.EfficientNetB0(include_top=False)
8 base_model.trainable = False # freeze base model layers
9
4 frames
/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/keras/applications/efficientnet.py
in EfficientNetB0(include_top, weights, input_tensor, input_shape,
pooling, classes, classifier_activation, **kwargs)
559 classes=classes,
560 classifier_activation=classifier_activation,
--> 561 **kwargs)
562
563
/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/keras/applications/efficientnet.py
in EfficientNet(width_coefficient, depth_coefficient, default_size,
dropout_rate, drop_connect_rate, depth_divisor, activation,
blocks_args, model_name, include_top, weights, input_tensor,
input_shape, pooling, classes, classifier_activation)
332 # original implementation.
333 # See https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/issues/49930 for more details
--> 334 x = x / tf.math.sqrt(IMAGENET_STDDEV_RGB)
335
336 x = layers.ZeroPadding2D(
/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/tensorflow/python/util/traceback_utils.py
in error_handler(*args, **kwargs)
151 except Exception as e:
152 filtered_tb = _process_traceback_frames(e.traceback)
--> 153 raise e.with_traceback(filtered_tb) from None
154 finally:
155 del filtered_tb
/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/keras/layers/core/tf_op_layer.py
in handle(self, op, args, kwargs)
105 isinstance(x, keras_tensor.KerasTensor)
106 for x in tf.nest.flatten([args, kwargs])):
--> 107 return TFOpLambda(op)(*args, **kwargs)
108 else:
109 return self.NOT_SUPPORTED
/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/keras/utils/traceback_utils.py
in error_handler(*args, **kwargs)
65 except Exception as e: # pylint: disable=broad-except
66 filtered_tb = _process_traceback_frames(e.traceback)
---> 67 raise e.with_traceback(filtered_tb) from None
68 finally:
69 del filtered_tb
TypeError: Exception encountered when calling layer
"tf.math.truediv_3" (type TFOpLambda).
x and y must have the same dtype, got tf.float16 != tf.float32.
Call arguments received by layer "tf.math.truediv_3" (type
TFOpLambda): • x=tf.Tensor(shape=(None, None, None, 3),
dtype=float16) • y=tf.Tensor(shape=(3,), dtype=float32) •
name=None
this is code =
from tensorflow.keras import layers
# Create base model
mixed_precision.set_global_policy(policy="mixed_float16")
input_shape = (224, 224, 3)
base_model = tf.keras.applications.EfficientNetB0(include_top=False)
base_model.trainable = False # freeze base model layers
# Create Functional model
inputs = layers.Input(shape=input_shape, name="input_layer")
# Note: EfficientNetBX models have rescaling built-in but if your model didn't you could have a layer like below
# x = layers.Rescaling(1./255)(x)
x = base_model(inputs, training=False) # set base_model to inference mode only
x = layers.GlobalAveragePooling2D(name="pooling_layer")(x)
x = layers.Dense(len(class_names))(x) # want one output neuron per class
# Separate activation of output layer so we can output float32 activations
outputs = layers.Activation("softmax", dtype=tf.float32, name="softmax_float32")(x)
model = tf.keras.Model(inputs, outputs)
# Compile the model
model.compile(loss="sparse_categorical_crossentropy", # Use sparse_categorical_crossentropy when labels are *not* one-hot
optimizer=tf.keras.optimizers.Adam(),
metrics=["accuracy"])
When I change this line with float32 instead of mixed_float16,like
this mixed_precision.set_global_policy(policy="float32") the
error goes away. I want to use Mixed_precision, how can I do it?

Related

How to fix "pop from empty list" error while using Keras tuner search method with TPU in google colab?

I previously was able to run the search method of keras tuner on my model with GPU runtime of Google colab. But when I switched to the TPU runtime, I get the following error. I haven't been able to come to the conclusion of how to access a google cloud storage for the TPU runtime to save the checkpoint folder that the keras tuner saves model checkpoints in. I also don't know how to do it and I'm getting the following error. Please help me resolve this issue.
My code:
def post_se(hp):
ip = Input(shape=(6, 128))
x = Masking()(ip)
x = LSTM(units=hp.Choice('lstm_1', values = [8,16,32,64,128,256,512]),return_sequences=True)(x)
x = Dropout(hp.Choice(name='Dropout', values = [0.0,0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8]))(x)
x = LSTM(units=hp.Choice('lstm_2', values = [8,16,32,64,128,256,512]))(x)
x = Dropout(hp.Choice(name='Dropout_2', values = [0.0,0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8]))(x)
y = Permute((2, 1))(ip)
y = Conv1D(hp.Choice('conv_1_filter', values = [32,64,128,256,512]), hp.Choice(name='conv_1_filter_size', values = [3,5,7,8,9]), padding='same', kernel_initializer='he_uniform')(y)
y = BatchNormalization()(y)
y = Activation('relu')(y)
y = squeeze_excite_block(y)
y = Conv1D(hp.Choice('conv_2_filter', values = [32,64,128,256,512]), hp.Choice(name='conv_2_filter_size',values = [3,5,7,8,9]), padding='same', kernel_initializer='he_uniform')(y)
y = BatchNormalization()(y)
y = Activation('relu')(y)
y = squeeze_excite_block(y)
y = Conv1D(hp.Choice('conv_3_filter', values = [32,64,128,256,512,]), hp.Choice(name='conv_3_filter_size',values = [3,5,7,8,9]), padding='same', kernel_initializer='he_uniform')(y)
y = BatchNormalization()(y)
y = Activation('relu')(y)
y = GlobalAveragePooling1D()(y)
x = concatenate([x,y])
# batch_size = hp.Choice('batch_size', values=[32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048, 4096])
out = Dense(num_classes, activation='softmax')(x)
model = Model(ip, out)
if gpu:
opt = keras.optimizers.Adam(learning_rate=0.001)
if tpu:
opt = keras.optimizers.Adam(learning_rate=8*0.001)
model.compile(optimizer=opt, loss='categorical_crossentropy',metrics=['accuracy'])
# model.summary()
return model
if gpu:
tuner = kt.tuners.BayesianOptimization(post_se,
objective='val_accuracy',
max_trials=30,
seed=42,
project_name='Model_gpu')
# Will stop training if the "val_loss" hasn't improved in 30 epochs.
tuner.search(X_train, train_label, epochs=200, validation_split=0.1, shuffle=True, callbacks=[tensorflow.keras.callbacks.EarlyStopping('val_loss', patience=30)])
if tpu:
print("TPU")
with strategy.scope():
tuner = kt.tuners.BayesianOptimization(post_se,
objective='val_accuracy',
max_trials=30,
seed=42,
project_name='Model_tpu')
# Will stop training if the "val_loss" hasn't improved in 30 epochs.
tuner.search(X_train, train_label, epochs=200, validation_split=0.1, shuffle=True, callbacks=[tensorflow.keras.callbacks.EarlyStopping('val_loss', patience=30)])
The error log
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
UnimplementedError Traceback (most recent call last)
/usr/lib/python3.7/contextlib.py in __exit__(self, type, value, traceback)
129 try:
--> 130 self.gen.throw(type, value, traceback)
131 except StopIteration as exc:
10 frames
/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/tensorflow/python/framework/ops.py in resource_creator_scope(resource_type, resource_creator)
2957 resource_creator):
-> 2958 yield
2959
<ipython-input-15-24c1e1bb603d> in <module>()
17 # Will stop training if the "val_loss" hasn't improved in 30 epochs.
---> 18 tuner.search(X_train, train_label, epochs=200, validation_split=0.1, shuffle=True, callbacks=[tensorflow.keras.callbacks.EarlyStopping('val_loss', patience=30)])
/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/keras_tuner/engine/base_tuner.py in search(self, *fit_args, **fit_kwargs)
178 self.on_trial_begin(trial)
--> 179 results = self.run_trial(trial, *fit_args, **fit_kwargs)
180 # `results` is None indicates user updated oracle in `run_trial()`.
/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/keras_tuner/engine/tuner.py in run_trial(self, trial, *args, **kwargs)
303 copied_kwargs["callbacks"] = callbacks
--> 304 obj_value = self._build_and_fit_model(trial, *args, **copied_kwargs)
305
/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/keras_tuner/engine/tuner.py in _build_and_fit_model(self, trial, *args, **kwargs)
233 model = self._try_build(hp)
--> 234 return self.hypermodel.fit(hp, model, *args, **kwargs)
235
/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/keras_tuner/engine/hypermodel.py in fit(self, hp, model, *args, **kwargs)
136 """
--> 137 return model.fit(*args, **kwargs)
138
/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/keras/utils/traceback_utils.py in error_handler(*args, **kwargs)
66 filtered_tb = _process_traceback_frames(e.__traceback__)
---> 67 raise e.with_traceback(filtered_tb) from None
68 finally:
/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/tensorflow/python/framework/ops.py in _numpy(self)
1116 except core._NotOkStatusException as e: # pylint: disable=protected-access
-> 1117 raise core._status_to_exception(e) from None # pylint: disable=protected-access
1118
UnimplementedError: File system scheme '[local]' not implemented (file: './untitled_project/trial_78ed6883514d67dc6222064095c134cb/checkpoints/epoch_0/checkpoint_temp/part-00000-of-00001')
Encountered when executing an operation using EagerExecutor. This error cancels all future operations and poisons their output tensors.
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
IndexError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-15-24c1e1bb603d> in <module>()
16 seed=42)
17 # Will stop training if the "val_loss" hasn't improved in 30 epochs.
---> 18 tuner.search(X_train, train_label, epochs=200, validation_split=0.1, shuffle=True, callbacks=[tensorflow.keras.callbacks.EarlyStopping('val_loss', patience=30)])
/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/tensorflow/python/distribute/distribute_lib.py in __exit__(self, exception_type, exception_value, traceback)
454 "tf.distribute.set_strategy() out of `with` scope."),
455 e)
--> 456 _pop_per_thread_mode()
457
458
/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/tensorflow/python/distribute/distribution_strategy_context.py in _pop_per_thread_mode()
64
65 def _pop_per_thread_mode():
---> 66 ops.get_default_graph()._distribution_strategy_stack.pop(-1) # pylint: disable=protected-access
67
68
IndexError: pop from empty list
For some extra info, I am attaching my code in this post.
This is your error:
UnimplementedError: File system scheme '[local]' not implemented (file: './untitled_project/trial_78ed6883514d67dc6222064095c134cb/checkpoints/epoch_0/checkpoint_temp/part-00000-of-00001')
See https://stackoverflow.com/a/62881833/14043558 for a solution.

TypeError when trying to use EarlyStopping with f1-metric as stopping criterion

I want for training a CNN with Early Stopping and want to use the f1-metric as stopping criterion.
When I compile the code for the CNN model I get the a TypeError as error message.
I'm still using Tensorflow 1.4 would like to avoid an upgrade to 2.0, because I have in mind that my previous code doesn't work anymore.
The error message is as follows:
TypeError Traceback (most recent call last)
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/sklearn/utils/validation.py in _num_samples(x)
158 try:
--> 159 return len(x)
160 except TypeError:
14 frames
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-
packages/tensorflow_core/python/framework/ops.py in __len__(self)
740 "Please call `x.shape` rather than `len(x)` for "
--> 741 "shape information.".format(self.name))
742
TypeError: len is not well defined for symbolic Tensors. (dense_16_target:0) Please call `x.shape` rather than `len(x)` for shape information.
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
TypeError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-44-cd3da16e057c> in <module>()
----> 1 model = model_cnn(False,False, False,True,6, 0.2, 0.5)
2 X_train, X_val, y_train, y_val = split_data(X_train, y_train,1)
3 cnn, ep = train_model_es(model, X_train, y_train, X_val, y_val, X_test, y_test, 50, 500,1)
<ipython-input-42-d275d9c69c03> in model_cnn(spat, extra_pool, avg_pool, cw, numb_conv, drop_conv, drop_dense)
36 if cw == True:
37 print("sparse categorical crossentropy")
---> 38 model.compile(loss="sparse_categorical_crossentropy", optimizer=Adam(), metrics=['accuracy', f1_metric])
39 #model.compile(loss="sparse_categorical_crossentropy", optimizer=Adam(), metrics=['accuracy'])
40 print("nothing")
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/keras/engine/training.py in compile(self, optimizer, loss, metrics, loss_weights, sample_weight_mode, weighted_metrics, target_tensors, **kwargs)
452 output_metrics = nested_metrics[i]
453 output_weighted_metrics = nested_weighted_metrics[i]
--> 454 handle_metrics(output_metrics)
455 handle_metrics(output_weighted_metrics, weights=weights)
456
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/keras/engine/training.py in handle_metrics(metrics, weights)
421 metric_result = weighted_metric_fn(y_true, y_pred,
422 weights=weights,
--> 423 mask=masks[i])
424
425 # Append to self.metrics_names, self.metric_tensors,
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/keras/engine/training_utils.py in weighted(y_true, y_pred, weights, mask)
426 """
427 # score_array has ndim >= 2
--> 428 score_array = fn(y_true, y_pred)
429 if mask is not None:
430 # Cast the mask to floatX to avoid float64 upcasting in Theano
<ipython-input-9-b21dc3bd89a6> in f1_metric(y_test, y_pred)
1 def f1_metric(y_test, y_pred):
----> 2 f1 = f1_score(y_test, y_pred, average='macro')
3 return f1
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/sklearn/metrics/_classification.py in f1_score(y_true, y_pred, labels, pos_label, average, sample_weight, zero_division)
1097 pos_label=pos_label, average=average,
1098 sample_weight=sample_weight,
-> 1099 zero_division=zero_division)
1100
1101
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/sklearn/metrics/_classification.py in fbeta_score(y_true, y_pred, beta, labels, pos_label, average, sample_weight, zero_division)
1224 warn_for=('f-score',),
1225 sample_weight=sample_weight,
-> 1226 zero_division=zero_division)
1227 return f
1228
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/sklearn/metrics/_classification.py in precision_recall_fscore_support(y_true, y_pred, beta, labels, pos_label, average, warn_for, sample_weight, zero_division)
1482 raise ValueError("beta should be >=0 in the F-beta score")
1483 labels = _check_set_wise_labels(y_true, y_pred, average, labels,
-> 1484 pos_label)
1485
1486 # Calculate tp_sum, pred_sum, true_sum ###
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/sklearn/metrics/_classification.py in _check_set_wise_labels(y_true, y_pred, average, labels, pos_label)
1299 str(average_options))
1300
-> 1301 y_type, y_true, y_pred = _check_targets(y_true, y_pred)
1302 present_labels = unique_labels(y_true, y_pred)
1303 if average == 'binary':
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/sklearn/metrics/_classification.py in _check_targets(y_true, y_pred)
78 y_pred : array or indicator matrix
79 """
---> 80 check_consistent_length(y_true, y_pred)
81 type_true = type_of_target(y_true)
82 type_pred = type_of_target(y_pred)
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/sklearn/utils/validation.py in check_consistent_length(*arrays)
206 """
207
--> 208 lengths = [_num_samples(X) for X in arrays if X is not None]
209 uniques = np.unique(lengths)
210 if len(uniques) > 1:
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/sklearn/utils/validation.py in <listcomp>(.0)
206 """
207
--> 208 lengths = [_num_samples(X) for X in arrays if X is not None]
209 uniques = np.unique(lengths)
210 if len(uniques) > 1:
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/sklearn/utils/validation.py in _num_samples(x)
159 return len(x)
160 except TypeError:
--> 161 raise TypeError(message)
162
163
TypeError: Expected sequence or array-like, got <class 'tensorflow.python.framework.ops.Tensor'>
And here is the relevant code:
def f1_metric(y_test, y_pred):
f1 = f1_score(y_test, y_pred, average='macro')
return f1
def train_model_es(model, X, y, X_val, y_val, X_test, y_test):
es = EarlyStopping(monitor='f1_metric', mode='max', patience=20, restore_best_weights=True)
y = np.argmax(y, axis=1)
y_val = np.argmax(y_val, axis=1)
y_test = np.argmax(y_test, axis=1)
class_weights = class_weight.compute_class_weight('balanced', np.unique(y), y)
class_weights = dict(enumerate(class_weights))
history = model.fit(X, y, class_weight=class_weights, batch_size=32,epochs=20, verbose=1,
validation_data=(X_val, y_val), callbacks=[es])
def model_cnn():
model = Sequential()
model.add(Conv2D(32, kernel_size=(3,3), input_shape=(28,28,1),padding='same'))
model.add(BatchNormalization())
model.add(ELU())
model.add(Conv2D(32, kernel_size=(3,3), padding='same'))
model.add(BatchNormalization())
model.add(ELU())
model.add(MaxPooling2D(pool_size=(2,2)))
model.add(Dropout(0.2))
model.add(Flatten())
model.add(Dense(256))
model.add(BatchNormalization())
model.add(ELU())
model.add(Dropout(0.5))
model.add(Dense(10, activation='softmax'))
model.compile(loss="sparse_categorical_crossentroy",optimizer=Adam(),metrics=["accuracy",f1_metric])
return model
Does anyone have a tip on how to fix this error message.
Many thanks for every hint
As the error message suggests,
Error 1) You are doing a len() operation on symbolic tensor. You cannot do that operation on symbolic tensor. You can find difference between a variable tensor and symbolic tensor here.
Error 2) You are using a tensor for the operation which expects array as input. Can you please convert y_true and y_pred from tensor to array and use in the f1_score and other operations.
Example - To convert tensor to array
%tensorflow_version 1.x
print(tf.__version__)
import tensorflow as tf
import numpy as np
x = tf.constant([1,2,3,4,5,6])
print("Type of x:",x)
with tf.Session() as sess:
y = np.array(x.eval())
print("Type of y:",y.shape,y)
Output -
1.15.2
Type of x: Tensor("Const_24:0", shape=(6,), dtype=int32)
Type of y: (6,) [1 2 3 4 5 6]

How do you write a custom activation function in python for Keras?

I'm trying to write a custom activation function for use with Keras. I can not write it with tensorflow primitives as it does properly compute the derivative. I followed How to make a custom activation function with only Python in Tensorflow? and it works very we in creating a tensorflow function. However, when I tried putting it into Keras as an activation function for the classic MNIST demo. I got errors. I also tried the tf_spiky function from the above reference.
Here is the sample code
tf.keras.models.Sequential([
tf.keras.layers.Flatten(input_shape=(28, 28)),
tf.keras.layers.Dense(512, activation=tf_spiky),
tf.keras.layers.Dropout(0.2),
tf.keras.layers.Dense(10, activation=tf.nn.softmax)])
Here's my entire error:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ValueError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-48-73a57f81db19> in <module>
3 tf.keras.layers.Dense(512, activation=tf_spiky),
4 tf.keras.layers.Dropout(0.2),
----> 5 tf.keras.layers.Dense(10, activation=tf.nn.softmax)])
6 x=tf.keras.layers.Activation(tf_spiky)
7 y=tf.keras.layers.Flatten(input_shape=(28, 28))
/opt/conda/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/training/checkpointable/base.py in _method_wrapper(self, *args, **kwargs)
472 self._setattr_tracking = False # pylint: disable=protected-access
473 try:
--> 474 method(self, *args, **kwargs)
475 finally:
476 self._setattr_tracking = previous_value # pylint: disable=protected-access
/opt/conda/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/keras/engine/sequential.py in __init__(self, layers, name)
106 if layers:
107 for layer in layers:
--> 108 self.add(layer)
109
110 #property
/opt/conda/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/training/checkpointable/base.py in _method_wrapper(self, *args, **kwargs)
472 self._setattr_tracking = False # pylint: disable=protected-access
473 try:
--> 474 method(self, *args, **kwargs)
475 finally:
476 self._setattr_tracking = previous_value # pylint: disable=protected-access
/opt/conda/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/keras/engine/sequential.py in add(self, layer)
173 # If the model is being built continuously on top of an input layer:
174 # refresh its output.
--> 175 output_tensor = layer(self.outputs[0])
176 if isinstance(output_tensor, list):
177 raise TypeError('All layers in a Sequential model '
/opt/conda/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/keras/engine/base_layer.py in __call__(self, inputs, *args, **kwargs)
728
729 # Check input assumptions set before layer building, e.g. input rank.
--> 730 self._assert_input_compatibility(inputs)
731 if input_list and self._dtype is None:
732 try:
/opt/conda/lib/python3.6/site-packages/tensorflow/python/keras/engine/base_layer.py in _assert_input_compatibility(self, inputs)
1463 if x.shape.ndims is None:
1464 raise ValueError('Input ' + str(input_index) + ' of layer ' +
-> 1465 self.name + ' is incompatible with the layer: '
1466 'its rank is undefined, but the layer requires a '
1467 'defined rank.')
ValueError: Input 0 of layer dense_1 is incompatible with the layer: its rank is undefined, but the layer requires a defined rank.
From this I gather the last Dense layer is unable to get the dimensions of the output after the activation function or something to that. I did see in the tensorflow code that many activation functions register a shape. But either I'm not doing that correctly or I'm going in the wrong direction. But I'm guessing something needs to be done to the tensorflow function to make it an activation function that Keras can use.
I would appreciate any help you can give.
As requested here is the sample codes for tf_spiky, it works as described in the above reference. However, once put into Keras I get the errors shown. This is pretty much as shown in the *How to make a custom activation function with only Python in Tensorflow?" stackoverflow article.
def spiky(x):
print(x)
r = x % 1
if r <= 0.5:
return r
else:
return 0
def d_spiky(x):
r = x % 1
if r <= 0.5:
return 1
else:
return 0
np_spiky = np.vectorize(spiky)
np_d_spiky = np.vectorize(d_spiky)
np_d_spiky_32 = lambda x: np_d_spiky(x).astype(np.float32)
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.python.framework import ops
def tf_d_spiky(x,name=None):
with tf.name_scope(name, "d_spiky", [x]) as name:
y = tf.py_func(np_d_spiky_32,
[x],
[tf.float32],
name=name,
stateful=False)
return y[0]
def py_func(func, inp, Tout, stateful=True, name=None, grad=None):
# Need to generate a unique name to avoid duplicates:
rnd_name = 'PyFuncGrad' + str(np.random.randint(0, 1E+8))
tf.RegisterGradient(rnd_name)(grad) # see _MySquareGrad for grad example
g = tf.get_default_graph()
with g.gradient_override_map({"PyFunc": rnd_name}):
return tf.py_func(func, inp, Tout, stateful=stateful, name=name)
def spikygrad(op, grad):
x = op.inputs[0]
n_gr = tf_d_spiky(x)
return grad * n_gr
np_spiky_32 = lambda x: np_spiky(x).astype(np.float32)
def tf_spiky(x, name=None):
with tf.name_scope(name, "spiky", [x]) as name:
y = py_func(np_spiky_32,
[x],
[tf.float32],
name=name,
grad=spikygrad) # <-- here's the call to the gradient
return y[0]
The solution is in this post Output from TensorFlow `py_func` has unknown rank/shape
The easiest fix is to add y[0].set_shape(x.get_shape()) before the return statement in the definition of tf_spiky.
Perhaps someone out there knows how to properly work with tensorflow shape functions. Digging around I found a unchanged_shape shape function in tensorflow.python.framework.common_shapes, which be appropriate here, but I don't know how to attach it to the tf_spiky function. Seems a python decorator is in order here. It would probably be a service to others to explain customizing tensorflow functions with shape functions.

Keras Tensorflow 'Cannot apply softmax to a tensor that is 1D'

I'm going over the Book Deep Learning with Python from F. Chollet.
https://www.manning.com/books/deep-learning-with-python
I'm trying to follow along with the code examples. I just installed keras, and I am getting this error when trying to run this:
from this notebook:
https://github.com/fchollet/deep-learning-with-python-notebooks/blob/master/2.1-a-first-look-at-a-neural-network.ipynb
from keras import models
from keras import layers
network = models.Sequential()
network.add(layers.Dense(512, activation='relu', input_shape=(28 * 28,)))
network.add(layers.Dense(10, activation='softmax'))
TypeError Traceback (most recent call
last) in ()
4 network = models.Sequential()
5 network.add(layers.Dense(512, activation='relu', input_shape=(28 * 28,)))
----> 6 network.add(layers.Dense(10, activation='softmax'))
~/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/keras/engine/sequential.py in
add(self, layer)
179 self.inputs = network.get_source_inputs(self.outputs[0])
180 elif self.outputs:
--> 181 output_tensor = layer(self.outputs[0])
182 if isinstance(output_tensor, list):
183 raise TypeError('All layers in a Sequential model '
~/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/keras/engine/base_layer.py in
call(self, inputs, **kwargs)
455 # Actually call the layer,
456 # collecting output(s), mask(s), and shape(s).
--> 457 output = self.call(inputs, **kwargs)
458 output_mask = self.compute_mask(inputs, previous_mask)
459
~/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/keras/layers/core.py in
call(self, inputs)
881 output = K.bias_add(output, self.bias, data_format='channels_last')
882 if self.activation is not None:
--> 883 output = self.activation(output)
884 return output
885
~/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/keras/activations.py in
softmax(x, axis)
29 raise ValueError('Cannot apply softmax to a tensor that is 1D')
30 elif ndim == 2:
---> 31 return K.softmax(x)
32 elif ndim > 2:
33 e = K.exp(x - K.max(x, axis=axis, keepdims=True))
~/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/keras/backend/tensorflow_backend.py
in softmax(x, axis) 3229 A tensor. 3230 """
-> 3231 return tf.nn.softmax(x, axis=axis) 3232 3233
TypeError: softmax() got an unexpected keyword argument 'axis'
I'm wondering if there's something off with my installation?
keras.__version__
2.2.4
If anyone could give me a clue of what to look into.
Seems like you have an incompatible Tensorflow version (which Keras is using as a backend). For details look here

Input tensors to a Model must come from `tf.layers.Input` when I concatenate two models with Keras API on Tensorflow

I'm creating a wide and deep model using Keras functional API on tensorflow.
When I try to merge the two models, the below error occurred.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- ValueError Traceback (most recent call
last) in ()
1 merged_out = tf.keras.layers.concatenate([wide_model.output, deep_model.output])
2 merged_out = tf.keras.layers.Dense(1)(merged_out)
----> 3 combined_model = tf.keras.Model(inputs=wide_model.input + [deep_model.input], outputs=merged_out)
4 print(combined_model.summary())
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/tensorflow/python/keras/engine/training.py
in init(self, *args, **kwargs)
111
112 def init(self, *args, **kwargs):
--> 113 super(Model, self).init(*args, **kwargs)
114 # Create a cache for iterator get_next op.
115 self._iterator_get_next = weakref.WeakKeyDictionary()
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/tensorflow/python/keras/engine/network.py
in init(self, *args, **kwargs)
77 'inputs' in kwargs and 'outputs' in kwargs):
78 # Graph network
---> 79 self._init_graph_network(*args, **kwargs)
80 else:
81 # Subclassed network
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/tensorflow/python/training/checkpointable/base.py
in _method_wrapper(self, *args, **kwargs)
362 self._setattr_tracking = False # pylint: disable=protected-access
363 try:
--> 364 method(self, *args, **kwargs)
365 finally:
366 self._setattr_tracking = previous_value # pylint: disable=protected-access
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/tensorflow/python/keras/engine/network.py
in _init_graph_network(self, inputs, outputs, name)
193 'must come from tf.layers.Input. '
194 'Received: ' + str(x) +
--> 195 ' (missing previous layer metadata).')
196 # Check that x is an input tensor.
197 # pylint: disable=protected-access
ValueError: Input tensors to a Model must come from tf.layers.Input.
Received: Tensor("add_1:0", shape=(1, ?, 163), dtype=float32) (missing
previous layer metadata).
Here is the code for concatenating the two.
merged_out = tf.keras.layers.concatenate([wide_model.output, deep_model.output])
merged_out = tf.keras.layers.Dense(1)(merged_out)
combined_model = tf.keras.Model(inputs=wide_model.input + [deep_model.input], outputs=merged_out)
print(combined_model.summary())
For each model's inputs, I tried using tf.layers.Inputwith
inputs = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, shape=(None,X_resampled.shape[1]))
deep_inputs = tf.keras.Input(tensor=(inputs))
to make them tf.layers.Input as this page mentions.
But I'm still facing the same issue.
I'm using tensorflow==1.10.0
Could someone help me solving this issue?
Thanks!
In inputs=wide_model.input + [deep_model.input], wide.model.input is probably not a list, so that you are passing a new Add tensor instead of a list of inputs. Try passing inputs=[wide_model.input] + [deep_model.input] instead