Get certain rows, plus rows before and after - sql

Question

Let's say I have the following data set:
ID
Identifier
Admission_Date
Release_Date
234
2
5/1/22
5/5/22
234
1
4/25/22
4/30/22
234
2
4/20/22
4/24/22
234
2
4/15/22
4/18/22
789
1
7/15/22
7/19/22
789
2
7/8/22
7/14/22
789
2
7/1/22
7/5/22
321
2
6/1/21
6/3/21
321
2
5/27/21
5/31/21
321
1
5/20/21
5/26/21
321
2
5/15/21
5/19/21
321
2
5/6/21
5/10/21
I want all rows with identifier=1. I also want rows that are either directly below or above rows with Identifier=1 - sorted by most recent to least recent.
There is always a row below rows with identifier=1. There may or may not be a row above. If there is no row with identifier=1 for an ID, then it will not be brought in with a prior step.
The resulting data set should be as follows:
ID
Identifier
Admission Date
Release Date
234
2
5/1/22
5/5/22
234
1
4/25/22
4/30/22
234
2
4/20/22
4/24/22
789
1
7/15/22
7/19/22
789
2
7/8/22
7/14/22
321
2
5/27/21
5/31/21
321
1
5/20/21
5/26/21
321
2
5/15/21
5/19/21
I am using DBeaver, which runs PostgreSQL.

Answer 1

I admittedly don't know Postgres well so the following could possibly be optimised, however using a combination of lag and lead to obtain the previous and next dates (assuming Admission_date is the one to order by) you could try
with d as (
select *,
case when identifier = 1 then Lag(admission_date) over(partition by id order by Admission_Date desc) end pd,
case when identifier = 1 then Lead(admission_date) over(partition by id order by Admission_Date desc) end nd
from t
)
select id, Identifier, Admission_Date, Release_Date
from d
where identifier = 1
or exists (
select * from d d2
where d2.id = d.id
and (d.Admission_Date = pd or d.admission_date = nd)
)
order by Id, Admission_Date desc;

Answer 2

One way:
SELECT (x.my_row).* -- decompose fields from row type
FROM (
SELECT identifier
, lag(t) OVER w AS t0 -- take whole row
, t AS t1
, lead(t) OVER w AS t2
FROM tbl t
WINDOW w AS (PARTITION BY id ORDER BY admission_date)
) sub
CROSS JOIN LATERAL (
VALUES (t0), (t1), (t2) -- pivot
) x(my_row)
WHERE sub.identifier = 1
AND (x.my_row).id IS NOT NULL; -- exclude rows with NULL ( = missing row)
db<>fiddle here
The query is designed to only make a single pass over the table.
Uses some advanced SQL / Postgres features.
About LATERAL:
What is the difference between a LATERAL JOIN and a subquery in PostgreSQL?
About the VALUES expression:
Postgres: convert single row to multiple rows (unpivot)
The manual about extracting fields from a composite type.
If there are many rows per id, other solutions will be (much) faster - with proper index support. You did not specify ...