I'm leaning Kotlin, and I'm wondering if there is a better, simpler and not that complicated way to do this in Kotlin? I need to Write a Kotlin program that loops through an array and generates a histogram based on the numbers in it.The results should look like this(vertically):
1: *****
2: **
3: **
4:
5: *
And this is what I did:
fun main() {
val myArray: IntArray = intArrayOf(1,2,1,3,3,1,2,1,5,1)
for(num in 1..5){
println("")
print("$num: ")
for(element in myArray) {
if(element == num){
print("*")
}
}
}
}
You can use the eachCount function to find the count of items in a list.
This is what I came up with:
fun main() {
val map = listOf(1,2,1,3,3,1,2,1,5,1)
.groupingBy{ it }
.eachCount()
(1..5).forEach {
print("\n${it}:")
map[it]?.let { count -> repeat(count){ print("*") } }
}
}
You can see the code here: https://pl.kotl.in/91d7pWDGe
Kotlin Koans is a good place you can learn by writing code. Here is the Koans for Collections: https://play.kotlinlang.org/koans/Collections/Introduction/Task.kt
Not sure if it will be simpler, but you can do something like this:
fun main() {
val myArray: IntArray = intArrayOf(1, 2, 1, 3, 3, 1, 2, 1, 5, 1)
for (num in 1..5) {
println("")
val count = myArray.count { it == num }
val entries = if (count > 0) "*".repeat(count) else ""
print("$num: $entries")
}
}
I am doing the 30 Days of Code in Kotlin on Hackerrank and I am stuck at Day 7.
How do you read multiple integers on a single line?
How is it added to an array and displayed in reverse?
I have solved it in Java but lack the syntax needed in Kotlin
Input:
4
1 4 3 2
My Code:
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
val n = readLine()!!.toInt()
var arr = Array(n)
for(i in 0 until n)
{
arr[i] = readLine()!!.toInt() //Not Working? nor does readLine()!!.split(' ').toInt()
}
for(item in arr.size - 1 downTo 0)
{
print("${item} ")
}
}
EDIT: question was updated from the original
The problem is the readLine() will read the entire line from stdin, so each time you call readLine() in the for loop it will result in a separate line being read each time.
One approach to this is to read the line, and then to split and map each value to an Int.
readLine()?.let {
val numOfValues = it.toInt()
println(numOfValues)
readLine()?.let { line ->
line.split(" ").map {
it.toInt()
}.reversed().forEach {
println(it)
}
}
}
If you want to store them in a list then you can follow this method
var items = readLine()!!.trim().split("\\s+".toRegex()).map (String::toInt)
println(items)
You can also store them in different variables like this way
var (a,b) = readLine()!!.trim().split("\\s+".toRegex()).map (String::toInt)
println(a+b)
You can also use the following code to item items splited and stored in array for a beginner approach
fun main(ags :Array<String>)
{
var item = readLine()!!.trim()
println(item[0])
}
Actually, you can refer to the official Kotlin tutorial: https://kotlinlang.org/docs/tutorials/competitive-programming.html
as mentioned in tutorial:
To make reading the input in competitive programming tasks like this more concise, you can have the following list of helper input-reading functions:
private fun readLn() = readLine()!! // string line
private fun readInt() = readLn().toInt() // single int
private fun readStrings() = readLn().split(" ") // list of strings
private fun readInts() = readStrings().map { it.toInt() } // list of ints
for your case, you can try use as below:
fun main() {
val n = readInt()
val x = readInts()
for (j in x.reversed()) {
print(j); print(" ")
}
println()
}
private fun readLn() = readLine()!! // string line
private fun readInt() = readLn().toInt() // single int
private fun readStrings() = readLn().split(" ") // list of strings
private fun readInts() = readStrings().map { it.toInt() } // list of ints
What will be the syntax of creating a 3D matrix in Kotlin. It's Java equivalent is as follows:
public static final int[][][] data = {{{0,0},{0}},{{0,1},{0}},{{1,0},{0}},{{1,1},{1}}};
Thanks
Edit:
Also how can I print the Kotlin code using the simple println?
When working with arrays in most languages I find it nice to create a helper class, rather than working directly with an int[][][] type. This way you can ensure certain invariants hold (such as all rows having the same length), and ensure better data locality. It can also let you efficiently implement certain operations such as slicing, sub-matrices, transpose etc.
My usual set of classes would look something like this for 3D. (though I'd probably template on the stored type, rather than hard code it for Int)
Its pretty incomplete, but the main at the end shows how many of the functions work.
But to show how you can create a 3D array from values you can do
val V = /* .. as in mEQ5aNLrK3lqs3kfSa5HbvsTWe0nIu's answer */
val M = Matrix3D(NX,NY,NZ).transform( { v, ix, iy, iz -> V[ix][iy][iz] } )
Further examples are
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
// Create an empty matrix
val v = Matrix3D(4,4,2);
// We can access elements via [a,b,c] or [a][b][c]
v[0,1,1] = 7;
print(v)
println("v[0,1,1]=" + v[0,1,1])
println("v[0][1][1]=" + v[0][1][1])
println("-----")
// Make the matrix a little more interesting
v.transform({ w,ix,iy,iz -> ix+iy+iz})
print(v)
println("-----")
// Transform just the slice with ix=2
// Slices are fast, as they copy no elements.
// but if you change them you change the original
v[2].transform({w,iy,iz -> w+3})
print(v)
// If you dont want to change the original you can always
// create an independent copy
print(v[2].bake().transform({w,iy,iz -> w-3}))
println("-----")
// W is the slice of v with ix=0
// Can easily extend the slicing options to allow slicing along
// any axis - I'd like to add v[_,1,_] to mean the slice with iy=1
// but I've not got to that yet.
val W = v[0]
print("W=\n")
print(v[0])
print("W^T=\n")
// Fast transpose, no elements are copied.
val WT=v[0].transpose()
print(WT)
// Changing the transpose slice writes back into the original
WT[1,1]=5
print(V)
}
fun print(M:Matrix3D) {
for(iz in 0..(M.nz-1)) {
for(iy in 0..(M.ny-1)) {
for(ix in 0..(M.nx-1)){
print("%d ".format(M[ix,iy,iz]))
}
print("\n")
}
print("\n")
}
}
fun print(M:Matrix2D) {
for(iy in 0..(M.ny-1)) {
for(ix in 0..(M.nx-1)){
print("%d ".format(M[ix,iy]))
}
print("\n")
}
}
The library code looks like this:
class Matrix1D(
val v:Array<Int>,
val nx:Int,
val offset:Int,
val xstride:Int) {
// TODO: Check that the nx,offset,strides etc are valid
constructor(nx:Int) : this(Array(nx,{i->0}), nx, 0, 1) {
}
fun offsetof(ix:Int):Int {
return offset + ix*xstride
}
operator fun get(ix:Int): Int {
return v[offsetof(ix)]
}
operator fun set(ix:Int, v:Int) {
this.v[offsetof(ix)] = v
}
fun reverse() : Matrix1D {
return Matrix1D(v, nx, offsetof(nx-1), -xstride)
}
fun submatrix(startx:Int, newNX:Int) : Matrix1D {
return Matrix1D(v,newNX,offsetof(startx), xstride)
}
fun transform(body: (Int, Int) -> Int ) {
for(ix in 0..(nx-1)){
this[ix] = body(this[ix], ix)
}
}
fun bake() : Matrix1D {
val rv = Matrix1D(nx);
for(ix in 0..(nx-1)) {
rv[ix] = this[ix]
}
return rv
}
}
class Matrix2D(
val v:Array<Int>,
val nx:Int, val ny:Int,
val offset:Int,
val xstride:Int, val ystride:Int) {
// TODO: Check that the nx,ny,offset,strides etc are valid
constructor(nx:Int, ny:Int) : this(Array(nx*ny,{i->0}), nx, ny, 0, 1, nx ) {
}
fun offsetof(ix:Int,iy:Int): Int {
return offset + ix*xstride + iy*ystride
}
operator fun get(ix:Int,iy:Int): Int {
return v[offsetof(ix,iy)]
}
operator fun set(ix:Int,iy:Int,v:Int) {
this.v[offsetof(ix,iy)] = v
}
operator fun get(ix:Int): Matrix1D {
return Matrix1D(v, ny, offsetof(ix,0), ystride)
}
fun transpose(): Matrix2D {
return Matrix2D(v,ny,nx,offset,ystride,xstride)
}
fun submatrix(startx:Int, starty:Int, newNX:Int, newNY:Int) : Matrix2D {
return Matrix2D(v,newNX,newNY,offsetof(startx,starty), xstride, ystride)
}
fun transform(body: (Int, Int, Int) -> Int ) {
for(iy in 0..(ny-1)) {
for(ix in 0..(nx-1)){
this[ix,iy] = body(this[ix,iy], ix,iy)
}
}
}
fun bake() : Matrix2D {
val rv = Matrix2D(nx,ny);
for(ix in 0..(nx-1)) {
for(iy in 0..(ny-1)) {
rv[ix,iy] = this[ix,iy]
}
}
return rv
}
}
class Matrix3D(
val v:Array<Int>,
val nx:Int, val ny:Int, val nz:Int,
val offset:Int,
val xstride:Int, val ystride:Int, val zstride:Int) {
// TODO: Check that the nx,ny,nz,offset,strides etc are valid
constructor(nx:Int, ny:Int, nz:Int) : this(Array(nx*ny*nz,{i->0}), nx, ny, nz, 0, 1, nx, nx*ny ) {
}
operator fun get(ix:Int,iy:Int,iz:Int): Int {
return v[offset + ix*xstride + iy*ystride + iz*zstride]
}
operator fun set(ix:Int,iy:Int,iz:Int, v:Int) {
this.v[offset + ix*xstride + iy*ystride + iz*zstride] = v
}
operator fun get(ix:Int): Matrix2D {
return Matrix2D(v, ny, nz, offset + ix*xstride, ystride, zstride )
}
fun transform(body: (Int, Int, Int, Int) -> Int ) {
for(iz in 0..(nz-1)) {
for(iy in 0..(ny-1)) {
for(ix in 0..(nx-1)){
this[ix,iy,iz] = body(this[ix,iy,iz], ix,iy,iz)
}
}
}
}
fun bake() : Matrix3D {
val rv = Matrix3D(nx,ny,nz);
for(ix in 0..(nx-1)) {
for(iy in 0..(ny-1)) {
for(iz in 0..(nz-1)){
rv[ix,iy,iz] = this[ix,iy,iz]
}
}
}
return rv
}
}
Kotlin currently does not support array literals.
You can use a combination of arrayOf() and intArrayOf():
val data = arrayOf(
arrayOf(intArrayOf(0, 0), intArrayOf(0)),
arrayOf(intArrayOf(0, 1), intArrayOf(0)),
arrayOf(intArrayOf(1, 0), intArrayOf(0)),
arrayOf(intArrayOf(1, 1), intArrayOf(1))
)
You can cut down a little bit on the verbosity using import aliasing if needed:
import kotlin.arrayOf as arr
import kotlin.intArrayOf as iarr
val data = arr(
arr(iarr(0, 0), iarr(0)),
arr(iarr(0, 1), iarr(0)),
arr(iarr(1, 0), iarr(0)),
arr(iarr(1, 1), iarr(1))
)
Also note that you can auto-convert Java code to Kotlin
in IntelliJ IDEA: copy Java code into a Kotlin file, a confirmation prompt will open.
online: using http://try.kotlinlang.org.
Using Multik
Multik Multidimensional array library for Kotlin.
Syntax for creating 3D array
mk.d3array(2, 2, 3) { it * it }
//output
/*[[[0, 1, 4],
[9, 16, 25]],
[[1, 0, 0],
[1, 1, 1]]]
*/
Note:Multik supports up to 4 dimensions
The Multik project’s GitHub repository
For more info check Jetbrain blog post