I am looking for an Android USB-Serial example in Kotlin.
Almost every example I have found is in Java, which I suppose is still ok, but I haven't been able to compile any of them successfully.
I am quite new to Android / Kotlin, and just want to get the most basic send and receive going from my phone to a USB device over an OTG cable.
Any help / pointers / suggestions gratefully received.
Thank you
Garrett
I was able to dig up some old code to reference for this. I don't guarantee any of it, but in combination with your Java based libraries, this should be a start, and then combining with reference from: https://github.com/mik3y/usb-serial-for-android
One thing I recall being a massive problem, was we had to have the app as a system level app. Which was either by installing it in a specific directory and checking the "System App" permission.
class SerialPort(private val serialPort: Any) {
private val serialPortR: Class<*> = Class.forName("android.hardware.SerialPort")
fun read(buffer: ByteBuffer): Int {
val read = serialPortR.getMethod("read", ByteBuffer::class.java)
return read.invoke(this, buffer) as Int
}
fun write(buffer: ByteBuffer, len: Int) {
val write = serialPortR.getMethod("write", ByteBuffer::class.java, Int::class.java)
write.invoke(this, buffer, len)
}
fun close() {
val close = serialPortR.getMethod("close")
close.invoke(this)
}
}
class SerialManager private constructor(private val serialService: Any) {
private val serialManager: Class<*> = Class.forName("android.hardware.SerialManager")
fun openSerialPort(port: String, baudRate: Int): SerialPort = reflectSerialPort(port, baudRate)
private fun reflectSerialPort(port: String, baudRate: Int): SerialPort {
serialManager.cast(this)
val openSerialPort = serialManager.getMethod("openSerialPort", String::class.java, Int::class.java)
return SerialPort(openSerialPort.invoke(serialManager, port, baudRate))
}
companion object {
fun get(c: Context): SerialManager {
val serialService = getSerialService(c)
return SerialManager(serialService)
}
#SuppressLint("WrongConstant")
private fun getSerialService(c: Context) = c.getSystemService("serial") ?: throw Exception("No Serial Service")
}
}
Related
Here is a breakdown of how the current third party SDK implementation works.
class Handler(val context: Context) {
val device = Controller.getInstance(context,Listener())
fun connectBT(BTDevice:BluetoothDevice){
device.connectBT(BTDevice)
}
}
and then the Listener implementation
class Listener: BBDeviceController.BBDeviceControllerListener{
override fun onBTConnected(device: BluetoothDevice?) {
println("Device Connected")
// Send back to function that device is connect
}
}
This is a straightforward example, but the idea is, when you press a button it will call connectBT() and then contain the result like so:
val handler = Handler(this)
val res = handler.connectBT(btDevice)
I know you can use suspendCoroutine on the function handler.connectBT() however the issue is how do I get the listeners result from the SDK to return back to the main function that called it?
When using suspendCoroutine, you need to call resume/resumeWithException/etc on the continuation object. You can store/pass this object anywhere, for example to your listener:
class Handler(val context: Context) {
val listener = Listener()
val device = Controller.getInstance(context, listener)
suspend fun connectBT(BTDevice:BluetoothDevice){
suspendCoroutine<Unit> { continuation ->
listener.continuation = continuation
device.connectBT(BTDevice)
}
}
}
class Listener: BBDeviceController.BBDeviceControllerListener{
var continuation: Continuation<Unit>? = null
override fun onBTConnected(device: BluetoothDevice?) {
println("Device Connected")
if (continuation != null) {
continuation?.resume(Unit)
continuation = null
}
}
}
i was wondering if it is possible to send messages from the backend (for example a running task that receives information from an external system) to the UI. In my case it needs to be a specific session (no broadcast) and only on a specific screen
plan B would be polling the backend frequently but i was hoping to get something more "realtime"
I was trying to work something out like this, but i keep getting a NotSerializableException.
#Push
class StorageAccess : Screen(), MessageListener {
#Inject
private lateinit var stationWSService: StationWebSocketService
#Inject
private lateinit var notifications: Notifications
#Subscribe
private fun onInit(event: InitEvent) {
}
#Subscribe("stationPicker")
private fun onStationPickerValueChange(event: HasValue.ValueChangeEvent<StorageUnit>) {
val current = AppUI.getCurrent()
current.userSession.id ?: return
val prevValue = event.prevValue
if (prevValue != null) {
stationWSService.remove(current.userSession.id)
}
val value = event.value ?: return
stationWSService.listen(current.userSession.id, value, this)
}
override fun messageReceived(message: String) {
val current = AppUI.getCurrent()
current.access {
notifications.create().withCaption(message).show()
}
}
#Subscribe
private fun onAfterDetach(event: AfterDetachEvent) {
val current = AppUI.getCurrent()
current.userSession.id ?: return
stationWSService.remove(current.userSession.id)
}
}
-- The callback interface
interface MessageListener : Serializable {
fun messageReceived(message: String);
}
-- The listen method of my backend service
private val listeners: MutableMap<String, MutableMap<UUID, MessageListener>> = HashMap()
override fun listen(id: UUID, storageUnit: StorageUnit, callback: MessageListener) {
val unitStationIP: String = storageUnit.unitStationIP ?: return
if (!listeners.containsKey(unitStationIP))
listeners[unitStationIP] = HashMap()
listeners[unitStationIP]?.set(id, callback)
}
The Exception i get is NotSerializableException: com.haulmont.cuba.web.sys.WebNotifications which happens during adding the listener to the backend: stationWSService.listen(current.userSession.id, value, this)
as far as i understand this is the place where the UI sends the information to the backend - and with it the entire status of the class StorageAccess, including all its members.
is there an elegant solution to this?
regards
There is an add-on that solves exactly this problem: https://github.com/cuba-platform/global-events-addon
I try to use the pigpio library with Kotlin/Native. To get started I followed this talk:
Bridge The Physical World: Kotlin Native on Raspberry Pi
The sigHandler: Unhandled signal 11, terminating occurs, when I try to assign a value I get from a callback to a global variable lastChange = tick on line 54
The whole code for my testing looks like this:
package ch.lichtwellenreiter.omrr
import kotlinx.cinterop.staticCFunction
import pigpio.*
const val GPIO_BUTTON = 6
var lastChange: UInt = 0u
fun main() {
initGPIO()
println()
setupButton()
println()
while (true) {}
}
private fun initGPIO() {
println("Init GPIO")
if (gpioInitialise() < 0) {
println("GPIO Error initialising")
return
}
}
private fun setupButton() {
println("Setup pin")
val buttonPort = GPIO_BUTTON.toUInt()
initPortWithMode(buttonPort, PI_INPUT)
println("Register callback for pin")
gpioSetAlertFunc(buttonPort, flankChangeDetected)
}
private fun initPortWithMode(port: UInt, mode: Int) {
if (gpioSetMode(port, mode.toUInt()) < 0) {
println("Could not set mode for GPIO$port")
return
}
}
val flankChangeDetected = staticCFunction<Int, Int, UInt, Unit> { gpio, level, tick ->
println("Callback called")
val ticker: UInt = tick
val pin: Int = gpio
val lvl: Int = level
println("Calculate time")
val time = ticker - lastChange
println("Set lastChange")
lastChange = tick
println("Is DCC signal?")
if ((time > 55u && time < 61u) || (time > 113u && time < 119u)) println(time)
println()
}
How can I prevent this error?
After some trying I have found a solution, but don't know if it is the best way to do it.
A global variable as an AtomicInt didn't work, but this way it works:
#SharedImmutable
val sharedData = SharedData()
class SharedData {
var lastChange = AtomicInt(0)
}
This way I can access the valua via val lastChange = sharedData.lastChange.value and sharedData.lastChange.compareAndSet(lastChange, tick.toInt())
I would guess the problem is related to Kotlin/Native immutability rules. This issue I found convinced me to think that the callback is being called not on the main thread. If that's true, the error is caused by violating mutable XOR shared K/N's rule. Cannot write a snippet at the moment, but I think you can either try using AtomicInt or, if it fits the need here, #ThreadLocal annotation.
I'm attempting to use Kotlin's Flow class as a message queue to transfer data from a producer (a camera) to a set of workers (image analyzers) running on separate coroutines.
The producer in my case is a camera, and will run substantially faster than the workers. Back pressure should be handled by dropping data so that the image analyzers are always operating on the latest images from the camera.
When using channels, this solution works, but seems messy and does not provide an easy way for me to translate the data between the camera and the analyzers (like flow.map).
class ImageAnalyzer<Result> {
fun analyze(image: Bitmap): Result {
// perform some work on the image and return a Result. This can take a long time.
}
}
class CameraAdapter {
private val imageChannel = Channel<Bitmap>(capacity = Channel.RENDEZVOUS)
private val imageReceiveMutex = Mutex()
// additional code to make this camera work and listen to lifecycle events of the enclosing activity.
protected fun sendImageToStream(image: CameraOutput) {
// use channel.offer to ensure the latest images are processed
runBlocking { imageChannel.offer(image) }
}
#OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_DESTROY)
fun onDestroy() {
runBlocking { imageChannel.close() }
}
/**
* Get the stream of images from the camera.
*/
fun getImageStream(): ReceiveChannel<Bitmap> = imageChannel
}
class ImageProcessor<Result>(workers: List<ImageAnalyzer<Result>>) {
private val analysisResults = Channel<Result>(capacity = Channel.RENDEZVOUS)
private val cancelMutex = Mutex()
var finished = false // this can be set elsewhere when enough images have been analyzed
fun subscribeTo(channel: ReceiveChannel<Bitmap>, processingCoroutineScope: CoroutineScope) {
// omit some checks to make sure this is not already subscribed
processingCoroutineScope.launch {
val workerScope = this
workers.forEachIndexed { index, worker ->
launch(Dispatchers.Default) {
startWorker(channel, workerScope, index, worker)
}
}
}
}
private suspend fun startWorker(
channel: ReceiveChannel<Bitmap>,
workerScope: CoroutineScope,
workerId: Int,
worker: ImageAnalyzer
) {
for (bitmap in channel) {
analysisResults.send(worker.analyze(bitmap))
cancelMutex.withLock {
if (finished && workerScope.isActive) {
workerScope.cancel()
}
}
}
}
}
class ExampleApplication : CoroutineScope {
private val cameraAdapter: CameraAdapter = ...
private val imageProcessor: ImageProcessor<Result> = ...
fun analyzeCameraStream() {
imageProcessor.subscribeTo(cameraAdapter.getImageStream())
}
}
What's the proper way to do this? I would like to use a ChannelFlow instead of a Channel to pass data between the camera and the ImageProcessor. This would allow me to call flow.map to add metadata to the images before they're sent to the analyzers. However, when doing so, each ImageAnalyzer gets a copy of the same image instead of processing different images in parallel. Is it possible to use a Flow as a message queue rather than a broadcaster?
I got this working with flows! It was important to keep the flows backed by a channel throughout this sequence so that each worker would pick up unique images to operate on. I've confirmed this functionality through unit tests.
Here's my updated code for posterity:
class ImageAnalyzer<Result> {
fun analyze(image: Bitmap): Result {
// perform some work on the image and return a Result. This can take a long time.
}
}
class CameraAdapter {
private val imageStream = Channel<Bitmap>(capacity = Channel.RENDEZVOUS)
private val imageReceiveMutex = Mutex()
// additional code to make this camera work and listen to lifecycle events of the enclosing activity.
protected fun sendImageToStream(image: CameraOutput) {
// use channel.offer to enforce the drop back pressure strategy
runBlocking { imageChannel.offer(image) }
}
#OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_DESTROY)
fun onDestroy() {
runBlocking { imageChannel.close() }
}
/**
* Get the stream of images from the camera.
*/
fun getImageStream(): Flow<Bitmap> = imageChannel.receiveAsFlow()
}
class ImageProcessor<Result>(workers: List<ImageAnalyzer<Result>>) {
private val analysisResults = Channel<Result>(capacity = Channel.RENDEZVOUS)
private val cancelMutex = Mutex()
var finished = false // this can be set elsewhere when enough images have been analyzed
fun subscribeTo(flow: Flow<Bitmap>, processingCoroutineScope: CoroutineScope): Job {
// omit some checks to make sure this is not already subscribed
return processingCoroutineScope.launch {
val workerScope = this
workers.forEachIndexed { index, worker ->
launch(Dispatchers.Default) {
startWorker(flow, workerScope, index, worker)
}
}
}
}
private suspend fun startWorker(
flow: Flow<Bitmap>,
workerScope: CoroutineScope,
workerId: Int,
worker: ImageAnalyzer
) {
while (workerScope.isActive) {
flow.collect { bitmap ->
analysisResults.send(worker.analyze(bitmap))
cancelMutex.withLock {
if (finished && workerScope.isActive) {
workerScope.cancel()
}
}
}
}
}
fun getAnalysisResults(): Flow<Result> = analysisResults.receiveAsFlow()
}
class ExampleApplication : CoroutineScope {
private val cameraAdapter: CameraAdapter = ...
private val imageProcessor: ImageProcessor<Result> = ...
fun analyzeCameraStream() {
imageProcessor.subscribeTo(cameraAdapter.getImageStream())
}
}
It appears that, so long as the flow is backed by a channel, the subscribers will each get a unique image.
In the new project that I'm currently working on I have no RxJava dependency at all, because until now I didn't need that - coroutines solve threading problem pretty gracefully.
At this point I stumbled upon on a requirement to have a BehaviorSubject-alike behavior, where one can subscribe to a stream of data and receive the latest value upon subscription. As I've learned, Channels provide very similar behavior in Kotlin, so I decided to give them a try.
From this article I've learned, that ConflatedBroadcastChannel is the type of channel that mimics BehaviorSubject, so I declared following:
class ChannelSender {
val channel = ConflatedBroadcastChannel<String>()
fun sendToChannel(someString: String) {
GlobalScope.launch(Dispatchers.Main) { channel.send(someString) }
}
}
For listening to the channel I do this:
class ChannelListener(val channelSender: ChannelSender) {
fun listenToChannel() {
channelSender.channel.consumeEach { someString ->
if (someString == "A") foo.perform()
else bar.perform()
}
}
}
This works as expected, but at this point I'm having difficulties understanding how to unit test ChannelListener.
I've tried to find something related here, but none of example-channel-**.kt classes were helpful.
Any help, suggestion or correction related to my incorrect assumptions is appreciated. Thanks.
With the help of Alexey I could manage to end up having following code, which answers the question:
class ChannelListenerTest {
private val val channelSender: ChannelSender = mock()
private val sut = ChannelListener(channelSender)
private val broadcastChannel = ConflatedBroadcastChannel<String>()
private val timeLimit = 1_000L
private val endMarker = "end"
#Test
fun `some description here`() = runBlocking {
whenever(channelSender.channel).thenReturn(broadcastChannel)
val sender = launch(Dispatchers.Default) {
broadcastChannel.offer("A")
yield()
}
val receiver = launch(Dispatchers.Default) {
while (isActive) {
val i = waitForEvent()
if (i == endMarker) break
yield()
}
}
try {
withTimeout(timeLimit) {
sut.listenToChannel()
sender.join()
broadcastChannel.offer(endMarker) // last event to signal receivers termination
receiver.join()
}
verify(foo).perform()
} catch (e: CancellationException) {
println("Test timed out $e")
}
}
private suspend fun waitForEvent(): String =
with(broadcastChannel.openSubscription()) {
val value = receive()
cancel()
value
}
}