Difference between ORA-12899 and ORA-01480 - sql

Question

I would like to understand the difference between ORA-12899 and ORA-01480
ORA-12899: value too large for column
ORA-01480: trailing null missing from STR bind value
Based on my understanding, I know about ORA-12899 and how it can come. Lets say if datatype for some column is VARCHAR2(100 BYTE) and I am trying to insert more than 100 BYTE in the column then I am getting ORA-12899.
What about ORA-01480 ? I searchthe ed on internet and and the similar explanation like ORA-12899
From google :
ORA-01480: trailing null missing from STR bind value
Cause: A bind variable of type 5 (null-terminated string) does not contain the terminating null in its buffer.
Maybe you're trying to insert a string in a column that is bigger than the column length. So, the terminating character is not being
inserted at the end of the string.
Both ORA-12899 and ORA-01480 look similar. Can someone please explain the exact difference with an example?

Answer 1

The error:
ORA-01480: trailing null missing from STR bind value
Is for languages such as C or C++ (among many others) which allow low level manipulation of string-like objects.
If you have a VARCHAR2(100) column and you try to pass, to a bind variable, the byte array:
['h','e','l','l','o']
Then you may get the ORA-01480 error because a NUL terminated string is expected and it should have been:
['h','e','l','l','o','\0']
And the NUL character is expected as it allows the SQL engine to determine the length of the VARCHAR2 variable length string.
An example is using Pro*C:
char s[2] = "ab";
EXEC SQL SELECT :s into :s2 FROM dual;
Outputs: ORA-01480: trailing null missing from STR bind value
char s[3] = "ab\0";
EXEC SQL SELECT :s into :s2 FROM dual;
Works.