I'm following the TDD book in Idris 2, and the online documentation gives the following advice:
For the VList view in the exercise 4 after Chapter 10-2 import Data.List.Views.Extra from contrib library.
So I put this import in a source file (example.idr)
import Data.List.Views.Extra
But running idris2 example.idr fails with
Error: Module Data.List.Views.Extra not found
I believe the contrib library is correctly installed, because contrib (0.5.1) appears in the list printed by idris2 --list-packages.
How can Idris 2 be made to accept imports from the contrib library?
In addition to explicitly providing -p on the command line (as in this answer), you can also define a package for your project, using an IPKG file, wherein you can specify your dependencies.
Minimal example, to be placed in the top-level directory of your project:
package type-driven-development
depends = contrib
Then you can invoke Idris 2 with idris2 --find-ipkg Example.idr, and all of the depends will be included as if you had specified -p for each one.
The Idris 2 CLI also can generate a template IPKG file for you. The idris2 --init command will provide you with interactive prompts in order to fill in some basic values.
The idris2 binary accepts a --package or -p argument to add a package as a dependency.
Invoking the interpreter with idris2 -p contrib example.idr allows the import to be resolved correctly.
Related
I'm new to Python and I'm trying to understand TensorFlow terminology. When I code import tensorflow as tf, I can call functions like tf.constant. This implies that tensorflow is a module.
When I look at the files in the installation directory, I see that tensorflow/contrib/learn has an init.py file, which means it's a package. A module can't contain a package, so that implies tensorflow is a package.
I'm sure this is obvious to many, but I can't decide whether tensorflow is a module or package. Any thoughts?
According to https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/modules.html, TensorFlow qualifies as a package- a directory-organized set of modules to structure its namespace. It’s composed of modules:
A module is a file containing Python definitions and statements.
This doesn’t mean that you can’t (as you’ve observed) import a package. And that package’s __init__.py can expose definitions from subpackages and modules at the package-level namespace.
The difference between modules and packages in python is how the source code is organized:
Any file containing python code is a module
Any directory containing a file called __init__.py is a package. In addition, a package directory may contain any number of python source files (i.e. submodules of the package) and any number of directories which are themselves packages (i.e. subpackages).
Both modules and packages can be imported, and once imported they behave roughly the same. So for example you can use the . operator to access the contents of a module (module.thing) or a package (package.thing).
I am trying out Kotlin Native and it seems to work.
But the page giving instruction on adding a C library is not clear enough.
For example lets say I wanted to import libcurl and libxml for making a webscraper.
Or say wanted to make GUIs by using Qt.
How would I import this library in Clion.
Please give clear steps.
I want to turn this question as a easy wiki like guide for myself and others new to native.
Why do I need to install the library SO in Linux as mentioned in the Kotlin Native guide? Isn't adding source code enough.
Edit: https://github.com/JetBrains/kotlin-native/blob/master/LIBRARIES.md
First lets create a library:
$ cinterop -h /usr/include/math.h -pkg libc.math -o math
Q: Can't I just use gradle for dependency management?
Q: Why pass libc.math? What should I pass for other libraries like libcurl?
Q: What is -pkg?
I'm assuming -o math is the klib name.
Is there any command in the Perl6 Rakudo distribution which lists all the installed modules on the system?
I tried the following command:
p6doc NativeCall
and get the following error :
===SORRY!===
Cannot invoke this object (REPR: Uninstantiable)
but when I write a p6 file which contains :
use NativeCall;
it compiles with no problem.
How can I browse for such a Perl 6 module (like perldoc for Perl 5) and how can I list all the installed Perl 6 modules?
The module manager is zef, not p6doc
p6doc ... is meant for managing (searching/displaying) documentation not for managing modules.
zef should already be installed on your system. If not, install it from its github repo.
The error message you got from p6doc suggests something is borked in your installation. I think it's most likely something not worth chasing for another month so I suggest you ignore it for a month, make sure you're running an up-to-date Perl 6 distribution (eg the latest Rakudo Star), and then, if it's still around, consider speaking up about it on #perl6 and mentioning this closed bug report.
Hth.
zef is your (best) friend in Perl6 universe.
zef --help
will give you any information you have ever wish aboutZef and how to use it and therefore any information about any installed modules.
zef list --installed
If you are looking for a specific module, you can use:
zef search module
in the list returned, you'll see in the first lines:
Zef::Repository::LocalCache... Module
...
which gives you a list of installed modules related to your question.
I am creating a Mapnik plugin (https://github.com/rbuch703/coords-mapnik-plugin), and am currently working on packaging it for Debian/Ubuntu. The binary package consists of only a single shared library that is built from C++ code. But being a Mapnik plugin, this library follows conventions quite different from the usual POSIX library conventions:
the file name has to be <name>.input instead of lib<name>.so
the file is installed in the Mapnik plugin directory (usually /usr/lib/mapnik/input)
the file is not supposed to be found by ldconfig, but rather Mapnik tries to find the plugin by itself at runtime
Now the plugin's build system is cmake, which makes most parts of Debian packaging straight-forward: the debian/rules file contains only the basic lines:
#!/usr/bin/make -f
%:
dh $#
However, I am running into problems with the substitution variable {shlibs:Depends}: it is simply not set (in particular, there is no corresponding line in the debian/<package name>.substvars file), and Lintian rightly complains about that fact (Lintian's actual complaint is missing-dependency-on-libc. But when I manually add a libc dependency, Lintian explains package-depends-on-hardcoded-libc, which means "The given package declares a dependency on libc directly instead of using ${shlibs:Depends} in its debian/control stanza."). I would like to satisfy Lintian in than respect, but are unable to do so.
Now I found that I could add the line
dpkg-shlibdeps debian/<packagename>/usr/lib/mapnik/input/coords.input
to my rules file. That will create the correct ${shlibs:Depends} line, but it will create it in the wrong file (debian/substvars instead of debian/<package name>.substvars), where the build system simply ignores it and Lintian keeps complaining about missing dependencies.
I am guessing that the root of my problem is that my Mapnik plugin does not conform to the POSIX library naming conventions (and as a Mapnik plugin cannot do so), and thus the packaging system does not handle it correctly. But I am at a loss as to how to fix this problem.
Additional notes:
the packages are built using debuild. Apart from the Lintian error messages, the build process work fine and correctly creates the .deb package.
my practical goal is for the package to build cleanly on Launchpad, so that I can add it to my Ubuntu PPA.
you can provide an output file for dpkg-shlibdeps with the -T flag.
something like:
override_dh_shlibdeps:
dh_shlibdeps
dpkg-shlibdeps \
-Tdebian/<packagename>.substvars \
debian/<packagename>/usr/lib/mapnik/input/coords.input
if there are multiple *.input files, you could also do something like:
override_dh_shlibdeps:
dh_shlibdeps
find debian/<packagename>/ -name "*.input" -exec \
dpkg-shlibdeps -Tdebian/<packagename>.substvars {} +
I am trying to package a jython program into an executable jar which the user can simply double-click to run without installing jython ahead of time. Ultimately, I would like to include an additional library which I wrote with the jar, but at the moment I am just trying to package a simple program and have it run from the jar.
I have tried following the jar instructions in the "Using the Jar Method" section here: Jython FAQ: Using the Jar Method
I have also looked at slides 25-28 here: Jython Update 2012 slides
And finally here:
stackoverflow Question: Distributing My Python Scripts as Jars with Jython
I have installed jython 2.5.3, jvm 1.6, and python 2.7.3 on my mac which is running OS X 10.8.3.
These are the steps I go through to create the jar and run it:
Create a copy of jython.jar from my jython installation directory.
zip -r jython_copy.jar Lib (where Lib is the folder in the jython installation directory)
cp myJythonProgram.py __run__.py (myJythonProgram.py does not include an 'if name == main' line)
zip jython_copy.jar __run__.py
export CLASSPATH=/path/to/my/app/jython_copy.jar:$CLASSPATH
I have tried running the jar using all three of these methods:
java org.python.util.jython -jar myapp.jar
java -cp myapp.jar org.python.util.jython -jar myapp.jar
java -jar myapp.jar -jar myapp.jar
This works if my program doesn't use any import statements.
However I am running into an issue where some python packages are not able to be found when I run the jar. For instance, I get the error "ImportError: No module named random" when I include the line from random import random in my program. No errors occur on lines in the program when I import from javax.swing, java.awt, time, or math.
Additionally, I tried to package a jar with my library and a jython program which imports my library using the previous steps as well as the following additional steps:
zip jython_copy.jar myLibrary.jar
jar ufm jython_copy.jar othermanifest.mf
othermanifest.mf only contains the line Class-Path: ./myLibrary.jar.
This too gives the error "ImportError: No module named myLibrary"
I would appreciate any insight into what I am doing incorrectly or other steps I should take.
Thanks!
I realized what the problem was and I wanted to document it in case anyone else has the same problems.
I was using the jython.jar file that came in the standard installation of Jython, and NOT the standalone jython.jar (the instructions at Using the Jar Method mentions this, but the instructions at Building Jars do not). I am still unsure why copying the Lib/ folder of the standard installation into the jython.jar that came with that installation didn't work on my system. However, once I used the standalone jar, things started to work more smoothly.
Additionally, I was able to get my library to work with the packaged file by doing three things in addition to the steps I laid out in my question:
Exploding the standalone jython.jar and copying the folder with all of my library files into Lib, then create a new jar. This seemed to be the easiest way to include my library and allows me to package everything into a single jar.
I discovered after reading Frank Wierzbicki's answer in Why does Jython refuse to find my Java package? that because I am now using the standalone jar, I could no longer use imports of the style from java.awt import *, instead I needed to fully specify each thing I was importing, for example from java.awt.Font import PLAIN, BOLD, ITALIC. So I went through the library's imports and fixed the few that were of the wrong style.
Now that I am adding my Library directly to the Jar's Lib folder, instead of writing Class-Path: ./myLibrary.jar in othermanifest.mf, I put Main-Class: org.python.util.JarRunner as per Frank Wierzbicki's answer in the post I mentioned in my question: Distributing my Python scripts as JAR files with Jython?
This allowed me to create a double-clickable executable jar containing my library and jython file that I wanted to run.
There are two solutions. They both work, but one better than the other.
I believe you can rename your python script as __run__.py, place that file inside the .jar file, and pass the .jar file through a python interpreter. See https://wiki.python.org/jython/UserGuide#invoking-the-jython-interpreter for more.
Multiple methods to run Jython from the java code while running through JVM are described here, at the Jython documentation.
EDIT:
You can execute a command line code that runs the python file you want.
Link to an example of running command line code from java here.