I have a set of data for some tickets, with datetime of when they were opened and closed (or NULL if they are still open).
+------------------+------------------+
| opened_on | closed_on |
+------------------+------------------+
| 2019-09-01 17:00 | 2020-01-01 13:37 |
| 2020-04-14 11:00 | 2020-05-14 14:19 |
| 2020-03-09 10:00 | NULL |
+------------------+------------------+
We would like to generate a table of data showing the total count of tickets that were open through time, grouped by date. Something like the following:
+------------------+------------------+
| date | num_open |
+------------------+------------------+
| 2019-09-01 00:00 | 1 |
| 2020-09-02 00:00 | 1 |
| etc... | |
| 2020-01-01 00:00 | 0 |
| 2020-01-02 00:00 | 0 |
| etc... | |
| 2020-03-08 00:00 | 0 |
| 2020-03-09 00:00 | 1 |
| etc... | |
| 2020-04-14 00:00 | 2 |
+------------------+------------------+
Note that I am not sure about how the num_open is considered for a given date - should it be considered from the point of view of the end of the date or the start of it i.e. if one opened and closed on the same date, should that count as 0?
This is in Postgres, so I thought about using window functions for this, but trying to truncate by the date is making it complex. I have tried using a generate_series function to create the date series to join onto, but when I use the aggregate functions, I've "lost" access to the individual ticket datetimes.
You can use generate_series() to build the list of dates, and then a left join on inequality conditions to bring the table:
select s.dt, count(t.opened_on) num_open
from generate_series(date '2019-09-01', date '2020-09-01', '1 day') s(dt)
left join mytable t
on s.dt >= t.opened_on and s.dt < coalesce(t.closed_on, 'infinity')
group by s.dt
Actually, this seems a bit closer to what you want:
select s.dt, count(t.opened_on) num_open
from generate_series(date '2019-09-01', date '2020-09-01', '1 day') s(dt)
left join mytable t
on s.dt >= t.opened_on::date and s.dt < coalesce(t.closed_on::date, 'infinity')
group by s.dt
I need to group by the records on the basis of fkId, DateFrom, but also need to select the TimeFrom 1st record and TimeTo From 2nd record
pkID | fkID | DateFrom | TimeFrom | TimeTo
104 | 20 | 05-02-2019 00:00 | 12:00 | 23:59
105 | 20 | 06-02-2019 00:00 | 00:00 | 12:00
106 | 20 | 06-02-2019 00:00 | 12:00 | 23:59
107 | 20 | 07-02-2019 00:00 | 00:00 | 12:00
General GROUP BY will not allow TimeFrom and TimeTo to include in select query.
Data will be just like that, 1 row or 2 rows for Date, 1 row means only AM or PM Only, 2 Rows means AM and PM Both.
SELECT fkID, DateFrom --, TimeFrom
FROM table
GROUP BY fkID, DateFrom
So the desired output would be this:
fkID | DateFrom | TimeFrom | TimeTo
20 | 05-02-2019 00:00 | 12:00 | 23:59
20 | 06-02-2019 00:00 | 00:00 | 23:59
20 | 07-02-2019 00:00 | 00:00 | 12:00
So for Date 06-02-2019 00:00, Combine dateFrom and DateTo in one row.
If the intervals corresponding to the same group are without gaps and overlaps then you may simply use GROUP BY. I assume that TimeFrom and TimeTo are Time datatype.
select fkID, dateFrom,
min(TimeFrom),
max(TimeTo)
from your_table
group by fkID, dateFrom
By putting group by clause you can put the max in TimeTo such as
select fkID ,DateFrom ,TimeFrom ,max(TimeTo)
from <tablename>
group by fkID ,DateFrom
It will give you the desired output.
I have pretty simple table which has 2 column. First one show time (timestamp), the second one show speed of car at that time (float8).
| DATE_TIME | SPEED |
|---------------------|-------|
| 2018-11-09 00:00:00 | 256 |
| 2018-11-09 01:00:00 | 659 |
| 2018-11-09 02:00:00 | 256 |
| other dates | xxx |
| 2018-11-21 21:00:00 | 651 |
| 2018-11-21 22:00:00 | 515 |
| 2018-11-21 23:00:00 | 849 |
Lets say we have period from 9 november to 21 november. How to group that period by week. In fact I want such result:
| DATE_TIME | AVG_SPEED |
|---------------------|-----------|
| 9-11 November | XXX |
| 12-18 November | YYY |
| 19-21 November | ZZZ |
I use PostgreSQL 10.4.
I use such SQL Statement to know the number of the week of the certain date:
SELECT EXTRACT(WEEK FROM TIMESTAMP '2018-11-09 00:00:00');
EDIT:
#tim-biegeleisen when I set period from '2018-11-01' to '2018-11-13' your sql statement return 2 result:
In fact I need such result:
2018-11-01 00:00:00 | 2018-11-04 23:00:00
2018-11-05 00:00:00 | 2018-11-11 23:00:00
2018-11-12 00:00:00 | 2018-11-13 05:00:00
As you can see in the calendar there are 3 week in that period.
We can do this using a calendar table. This answer assumes that a week begins with the first date in your data set. You could also do this assuming something else, e.g. a standard week according to something else.
WITH dates AS (
SELECT date_trunc('day', dd)::date AS dt
FROM generate_series
( '2018-11-09'::timestamp
, '2018-11-21'::timestamp
, '1 day'::interval) dd
),
cte AS (
SELECT t1.dt, t2.DATE_TIME, t2.SPEED,
EXTRACT(week from t1.dt) week
FROM dates t1
LEFT JOIN yourTable t2
ON t1.dt = t2.DATE_TIME::date
)
SELECT
MIN(dt)::text || '-' || MAX(dt) AS DATE_TIME,
AVG(SPEED) AS AVG_SPEED
FROM cte
GROUP BY
week
ORDER BY
MIN(dt);
Demo
I have a structure like this
+-----+-----+------------+----------+------+----------------------+---+
| Row | id | date | time | hour | description | |
+-----+-----+------------+----------+------+----------------------+---+
| 1 | foo | 2018-03-02 | 19:00:00 | 8 | across single day | |
| 2 | bar | 2018-03-02 | 23:00:00 | 1 | end at midnight | |
| 3 | qux | 2018-03-02 | 10:00:00 | 3 | inside single day | |
| 4 | quz | 2018-03-02 | 23:15:00 | 2 | with minutes | |
+-----+-----+------------+----------+------+----------------------+---+
(I added the description column only to understand the context, for analysis purpose is useless)
Here is the statement to generate table
WITH table AS (
SELECT "foo" as id, CURRENT_dATE() AS date, TIME(19,0,0) AS time,8 AS hour
UNION ALL
SELECT "bar", CURRENT_dATE(), TIME(23,0,0), 1
UNION ALL
SELECT "qux", CURRENT_dATE(), TIME(10,0,0), 3
UNION ALL
SELECT "quz", CURRENT_dATE(), TIME(23,15,0), 2
)
SELECT * FROM table
Adding the hour value to the given time, I need to split the row on multiple ones, if the sum goes on the next day.
Jumps on multiple days are NOT to be considered, like +27 hours (this should simplify the scenario)
My initial idea was starting from adding the hours value in a date field, in order to obtain start and end limits of the interval
SELECT
id,
DATETIME(date, time) AS date_start,
DATETIME_ADD(DATETIME(date, time), INTERVAL hour HOUR) AS date_end
FROM table
here is the result
+-----+-----+---------------------+---------------------+---+
| Row | id | date_start | date_end | |
+-----+-----+---------------------+---------------------+---+
| 1 | foo | 2018-03-02T19:00:00 | 2018-03-03T03:00:00 | |
| 2 | bar | 2018-03-02T23:00:00 | 2018-03-03T00:00:00 | |
| 3 | qux | 2018-03-02T10:00:00 | 2018-03-02T13:00:00 | |
| 4 | quz | 2018-03-02T23:15:00 | 2018-03-03T01:15:00 | |
+-----+-----+---------------------+---------------------+---+
but now I'm stuck on how to proceed considering the existing interval.
Starting from this table, the rows should be splitted if the day change, like
+-----+-----+------------+-------------+----------+-------+--+
| Row | id | date | hourt_start | hour_end | hours | |
+-----+-----+------------+-------------+----------+-------+--+
| 1 | foo | 2018-03-02 | 19:00:00 | 00:00:00 | 5 | |
| 2 | foo | 2018-03-03 | 00:00:00 | 03:00:00 | 3 | |
| 3 | bar | 2018-03-02 | 23:00:00 | 00:00:00 | 1 | |
| 4 | qux | 2018-03-02 | 10:00:00 | 13:00:00 | 3 | |
| 5 | quz | 2018-03-02 | 23:15:00 | 00:00:00 | 0.75 | |
| 6 | quz | 2018-03-03 | 00:00:00 | 01:15:00 | 1.25 | |
+-----+-----+------------+-------------+----------+-------+--+
I tried to study a similar scenario from an already analyzed scenario, but I was unable to adapt it for handling the day component as well.
My whole final scenario will include both this approach and the other one analyzed in the other question (split on single days and then split on given breaks of hours), but I can approach these 2 themes separately, first query split with day (this question) and then split on time breaks (other question)
Interesting problem ... I tried the following:
Create a second table creating all the new rows starting at midnight
UNION ALL it with source table while correcting hours of old rows accordingly
Commented Result:
WITH table AS (
SELECT "foo" as id, CURRENT_dATE() AS date, TIME(19,0,0) AS time,8 AS hour
UNION ALL
SELECT "bar", CURRENT_dATE(), TIME(23,0,0), 1
UNION ALL
SELECT "qux", CURRENT_dATE(), TIME(10,0,0), 3
)
,table2 AS (
SELECT
id,
-- create datetime, add hours, then cast as date again
CAST( datetime_add( datetime(date, time), INTERVAL hour HOUR) AS date) date,
time(0,0,0) AS time -- losing minutes and seconds
-- substract hours to midnight
,hour - (24-EXTRACT(HOUR FROM time)) hour
FROM
table
WHERE
date != CAST( datetime_add( datetime(date,time), INTERVAL hour HOUR) AS date) )
SELECT
id
,date
,time
-- correct hour if midnight split
,IF(EXTRACT(hour from time)+hour > 24,24-EXTRACT(hour from time),hour) hour
FROM
table
UNION ALL
SELECT
*
FROM
table2
Hope, it makes sense.
Of course, if you need to consider jumps over multiple days, the correction fails :)
Here a possibile solution I came up starting from #Martin Weitzmann approach.
I used 2 different ways:
ids where there is a "jump" on the day
ids which are in the same day
and a final UNION ALL of the two data
I forgot to mention the first time that the hours value of the input value can be float (portion of hours) so I added that too.
#standardSQL
WITH
input AS (
-- change of day
SELECT "bap" as id, CURRENT_dATE() AS date, TIME(19,0,0) AS time, 8.0 AS hour UNION ALL
-- end at midnight
SELECT "bar", CURRENT_dATE(), TIME(23,0,0), 1.0 UNION ALL
-- inside single day
SELECT "foo", CURRENT_dATE(), TIME(10,0,0), 3.0 UNION ALL
-- change of day with minutes and float hours
SELECT "qux", CURRENT_dATE(), TIME(23,15,0), 2.5 UNION ALL
-- start from midnight
SELECT "quz",CURRENT_dATE(), TIME(0,0,0), 4.5
),
-- Calculate end_date and end_time summing hours value
table AS (
SELECT
id,
date AS start_date,
time AS start_time,
EXTRACT(DATE FROM DATETIME_ADD(DATETIME(date,time), INTERVAL CAST(hour*3600 AS INT64) SECOND)) AS end_date,
EXTRACT(TIME FROM DATETIME_ADD(DATETIME(date,time), INTERVAL CAST(hour*3600 AS INT64) SECOND)) AS end_time
FROM input
),
-- portion that start from start_time and end at midnight
start_to_midnight AS (
SELECT
id,
start_time,
start_date,
TIME(23,59,59) as end_time,
start_date as end_date
FROM
table
WHERE end_date > start_date
),
-- portion that start from midnightand end at end_time
midnight_to_end AS (
SELECT
id,
TIME(0,0,0) as start_time,
end_date as start_date,
end_time,
end_date
FROM
table
WHERE
end_date > start_date
-- Avoid rows that starts from 0:0:0 and ends to 0:0:0 (original row ends at 0:0:0)
AND end_time != TIME(0,0,0)
)
-- Union of the 3 tables
SELECT
id,
start_date,
start_time,
end_time
FROM (
SELECT id, start_time, end_time, start_date FROM table WHERE start_date = end_date
UNION ALL
SELECT id, start_time, end_time, start_date FROM start_to_midnight
UNION ALL
SELECT id, start_time, end_time, start_date FROM midnight_to_end
)
ORDER BY id,start_date,start_time
Here is the provided output
+-----+-----+------------+------------+----------+---+
| Row | id | start_date | start_time | end_time | |
+-----+-----+------------+------------+----------+---+
| 1 | bap | 2018-03-03 | 19:00:00 | 23:59:59 | |
| 2 | bap | 2018-03-04 | 00:00:00 | 03:00:00 | |
| 3 | bar | 2018-03-03 | 23:00:00 | 23:59:59 | |
| 4 | foo | 2018-03-03 | 10:00:00 | 13:00:00 | |
| 5 | qux | 2018-03-03 | 23:15:00 | 23:59:59 | |
| 6 | qux | 2018-03-04 | 00:00:00 | 01:45:00 | |
| 7 | quz | 2018-03-03 | 00:00:00 | 04:30:00 | |
+-----+-----+------------+------------+----------+---+
I am trying to write a query that will allow to me to count the number of active subscriptions by day in Redshift.
I have the following table:
sub_id | start_date | end_date
---------------------------------------
20001 | 2017-09-01 | NULL
20002 | 2017-08-01 | 2017-08-29
20003 | 2016-01-01 | 2017-04-25
20004 | 2016-07-01 | 2017-09-03
I would like to be able to state, for each date between two dates how many subscriptions are active, such that:
date | active_subs
------------------------
2016-06-30 | 1
2016-07-01 | 2
... |
2017-04-24 | 2
2017-04-25 | 1
... |
2017-07-31 | 1
2017-08-01 | 2
... |
2017-08-28 | 2
2017-08-29 | 1
2017-08-30 | 1
2017-08-31 | 1
2017-09-01 | 2
2017-09-02 | 2
2017-09-03 | 1
I have a reference table from which a query can draw 1 row per day with the table name of date and the relevant column being date.ref_date (in the YYYY-MM-DD format)
Do i write this query using window functions or is there a better way?
Thanks
If I understood you correctly, you don't need nor window functions, joins(except to the date table) or cumulative count. You can do this:
SELECT t.date,
COUNT(s.sub_id) as active_subs
FROM dateTable t
LEFT JOIN YourTable s
ON(t.dateCol between s.start_date
AND COALESCE(s.end_date,<Put A late date here>))
GROUP BY t.date
I would do this as:
with cte as (
select start_date as dte, 1 as inc
from t
union all
select coalesce(end_date, current_date), -1 as inc
from t
)
select dte,
sum(sum(inc)) over (order by dte)
from cte
group by dte
order by dte;
There may be off-by-one errors, depending on whether you count stops on the date given or on the next day.