In Kotlin, we can access function or property of companion object using class name as following:
class DemoClass {
companion object {
fun someFunction() {}
}
}
// Accessing function
DemoClass.someFunction()
But how can I access the same function if I have an object of DemoClass?
class DemoClass {
companion object {
fun someFunction() {}
}
}
val demoObj = DemoClass()
// I cannot do following - It will not compile.
demoObj.someFunction()
Basically, I want to access companion function using class object.
Related
I'm new to Kotlin, and I don't understand if/how I can call a function or set a variable from the companion object:
class MyClass {
public var myVar: Boolean
public fun myFunc(): Int { ... }
companion object {
private fun doStuff(){
myVar = true
myFunc(1)
}
}
}
I get unresolvedReference on myVar = true and myFunc(1).
Companion object is an object that is not related to any particular instance of MyClass, therefore it cannot access the instance property myVar and instance function myFunc without specifying the instance. It just does not know which instance it should access.
If you really want to do that from a function in the companion object, you should pass it an instance of MyClass as well:
companion object {
private fun doStuff(instance: MyClass){
instance.myVar = true
instance.myFunc(1)
}
}
When i reach the companion object section in the ebook "Kotlin in action" it said that:
"if you need to write a function that can be called
without having a class instance but needs access to the internals of a class, you can write it as a member of an object declaration inside that class"
As my understanding this means a function of the companion object can access the method and properties of the class that contain it. But when i try to implement this i can't access the members of the class from its companion object'function:
class Normal() {
var name: String = "hallo"
companion object {
fun printName() {
println(name) // ERROR!!! unresolved reference name
}
}}
Did i misunderstood about this concept?
Method inside companion are kind of static by default(compared to Java & also this is how you achieve static kind of things in Kotlin) and you can not access normal variable from static method.
Same is happening here.
Edit:-
The definition in book is confusing, A companion object is not part of an instance of a class. You can't access members from a companion object, just like in Java you can't access members from a static method. But in case of utility classes where you just need to perform some operation you can call Static method which create a new instance of class and the perform some functions.
For example you can check answer by #user8320224, I am also quoting his code here,
class Normal {
private var name: String = "hallo"
private fun printName() {
println(name)
}
companion object {
fun factoryNormal(): Normal {
val normal = Normal()
normal.printName()
normal.name = "new name"
normal.printName()
return normal
}
}
}
Static members have access to the internals of a class, for example private members
class Normal() {
private var name: String = "hallo"
private fun printName() {
println(name)
}
companion object {
fun factoryNormal(): Normal {
val normal = Normal()
normal.printName()
normal.name = "new name"
normal.printName()
return normal
}
}}
companion object is the same as public static final class in Java. Therefore you can't access to var name.
Maybe this will help you:
class Normal() {
companion object {
#JvmStatic
var name: String = "hallo"
// This annotation will be helpful if you are calling
// this from Java, so it goes like Normal.printName();
#JvmStatic
fun printName() {
println(name)
}
}
}
Now you can use this in Kotlin:
Normal.name = "new name"
Normal.printName()
and if you want to use this in Java, then:
Normal.setName("new name");
Normal.printName();
A companion object is the same as "static" in Java. It doesn't actually have any instance of your class in it. So if your printname() method just said println("Hello again!") you could do the following:
println(Normal().name) // creates a new instance of Normal class and prints "hallo"
Normal.printname() // Does not create a new instance of Normal class but instead just prints "Hello again!" since we can access static methods without requiring an instance of a class itself.
Note that we didn't actually create a new Normal in that second line (no constructor brackets). The printname() method can be thought of as belonging to the definition of a class, rather than an example or instance of that class.
It's rather like the manual for a car; it can reference and talk about the internals of a car, but you need to have an actual car to do anything fun with the manual.
We can access the internals of an instance of the class, if we have one. So passing in an instance of the class would work:
class Normal() {
private var name: String = "hallo"
companion object {
fun printName(normal : Normal) {
println(normal.name) // Note that I made the "name" var private
}
}}
The companion object can also access anything that's within the companion object itself, so this would also work:
class Normal() {
companion object {
private var name: String = "hallo"
fun printName() {
println(name) // Note I moved the "name" var into the companion object
}
}}
And you can combine these:
class Normal() {
private var name: String = "Vilpe89"
companion object {
private var greeting: String = "Hello "
fun printName(normal : Normal) {
println("$greeting ${normal.name}!")
}
}}
Now you could call the above code like this:
Normal.printname(Normal()) // uses Normal's companion object
// method on an instance of Normal,
// and prints "Hello Vilpe89!"
This is very different to what would happen if they were separate classes:
class Normal() {
private var name: String = "Vilpe89"
}
class Greeting() {
private var greeting: String = "Hello "
fun printName(normal : Normal) {
println("$greeting ${normal.name}!") // This won't compile, because
// Greeting can't see normal.name
// if it's private.
}
}
Is there a way to get the javaClass of the companion class inside a companion object without knowing it's name?
I suppose I could get it by doing something like this:
open class TestClass {
companion object {
init {
val clazz = Class.forName(this::class.java.canonicalName.removeSuffix(".Companion"))
}
}
}
However, this does not work for class InheritingClass : TestClass(). It would still give me TestClass, not InheritingClass.
I was hoping for something more straightforward like this::class.companionClass.
Getting the class of the companion object of a given class will look like this:
TestClass::class.companionObject
Here's an example:
class TestClass {
companion object {
fun sayHello() = "Hello world"
}
}
If you want to get the class that contains the companion, since the latter is always an inner class of the former,
class TestClass {
companion object {
fun whichIsMyParentClass() = this::class.java.declaringClass // It'll return TestClass
}
}
And to further simplify, you'll also want to create an extension property:
import kotlin.reflect.KClass
val <T : Any> KClass<T>.companionClass get() =
if (isCompanion)
this.java.declaringClass
else
null
So, whenever you want to get the parent class of the companion object,
class TestClass {
companion object {
fun whichIsMyParentClass() = this::class.companionClass // It'll return TestClass
}
}
The companion class itself has no reference to the actual class as you can see in this bytecode
public final class TestClass$Companion {
private TestClass$Companion() { // <init> //()V
<localVar:index=0 , name=this , desc=LTestClass$Companion;, sig=null, start=L1, end=L2>
L1 {
aload0 // reference to self
invokespecial java/lang/Object <init>(()V);
return
}
L2 {
}
}
public TestClass$Companion(kotlin.jvm.internal.DefaultConstructorMarker arg0) { // <init> //(Lkotlin/jvm/internal/DefaultConstructorMarker;)V
<localVar:index=0 , name=this , desc=LTestClass$Companion;, sig=null, start=L1, end=L2>
<localVar:index=1 , name=$constructor_marker , desc=Lkotlin/jvm/internal/DefaultConstructorMarker;, sig=null, start=L1, end=L2>
L1 {
aload0 // reference to self
invokespecial TestClass$Companion <init>(()V);
return
}
L2 {
}
}
}
The reference is only the other way around (see decompiled kotlin class)
public final class TestClass {
public static final Companion companion = ...
}
So you can either do it as you just did by cutting off the .Companion part of the class name or you reference it by hard with TestClass::class.java (what is in my opinion no problem and the best solution)
If you need to print the class name, you can add simpleName, such as
this::class.java.declaringClass.simpleName
I want to be able to save a class instance to a public static variable but I can't figure out how to do this in Kotlin.
class Foo {
public static Foo instance;
public Foo() {
instance = this;
}
}
Update: since this answer is getting a decent amount of upvotes, I really wanted to say that you shouldn't do the below, but instead just use object Foo { ... }, like Roman rightly points out in the comment.
Previous answer:
The closest thing to Java's static fields is a companion object. You can find the documentation reference for them here: https://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/object-declarations.html#companion-objects
Your code in Kotlin would look something like this:
class Foo {
companion object {
lateinit var instance: Foo
}
init {
instance = this
}
}
If you want your fields/methods to be exposed as static to Java callers, you can apply the #JvmStatic annotation:
class Foo {
companion object {
#JvmStatic lateinit var instance: Foo
}
init {
instance = this
}
}
It looks that you want to define a singleton object. It is supported in Kotlin as a first-class concept:
object Foo {
...
}
All the boilerplate code with static field and constructor is taken care by the Kotlin automatically. You don't have to write any of that.
From the Kotlin code you can refer to the instance of this object simply as Foo. From the Java code you can referer to the instance of this object as Foo.INSTANCE, because the Kotlin compiler automatically creates the corresponding static field named INSTANCE.
first you create a simple class then after create a block followed by companion object keyword
for example:
class Test{
companion object{
fun getValue(): String{
return "Test String"
}
}
}
you can call this class function using class name dot function name
for example:
// here you will get the function value
Test.getValue()
You can create a companion object for the class, and if you want the field to be static you can use the annotation #JvmStatic. Companion object have access to private members of the class it is companion for.
See below an example:
class User {
private lateinit var name: String
override fun toString() = name
companion object {
#JvmStatic
val instance by lazy {
User().apply { name = "jtonic" }
}
}
}
class CompanionTest {
#Test
fun `test companion object`() {
User.instance.toString() shouldBe "jtonic"
}
}
I'm pretty new to kotlin and I was wondering if it's possible, and if it's against best practice to access methods and variables that are outside a companion object, from within the companion object.
For example
class A {
fun doStuff(): Boolean = return true
companion object{
public fun stuffDone(): Boolean = return doStuff()
}
}
or something like that
Thank you
doStuff() is an instance method of a class; calling it requires a class instance. Members of a companion object, just like static methods in Java, do not have a class instance in scope. Therefore, to call an instance method from a companion object method, you need to provide an instance explicitly:
class A {
fun doStuff() = true
companion object {
fun stuffDone(a: A) = a.doStuff()
}
}
You can also call functions that are outside of companion object block.
class A {
fun doStuff() = true
companion object {
val a = A()
fun stuffDone() = a.doStuff()
}
}
A correct way to do what you want is:
create a instance of your main class inside Companion Objects
initialize the instance when you instance the Main Class
call the instance of the class when you need to call methods, set or
get variables.
For a better control and better decouple level, you should access/set/get
stuff from the main class (A) from the Companion Object instead of calling getInstance() to access the Main Class stuff.
Example:
class A {
private val myPrivateVariable:String = "MY_STUFF"
init{
setupInstance(this#A)
}
companion object{
private val instance:A? = null
fun setupInstance(a:A){
this.instance = a
}
//IF YOU WANT TO ACCESS CLASS A METHODS/VARIABLES DIRECTLY YOU CAN CALL IT
fun getInstance():A{
return this.instance?.let{
it
}?:throw NullPointerException("INSTANCE NOT SET YET")
}
//ACCESSING CLASS A VARIABLES FROM COMPANION OBJECT (BETTER ERROR CONTROL AND DECOUPLED)
fun setMyVariable(string:String){
this.getInstance().myPrivateVariable = string
}
fun getMyVariable(string:String) = this.getInstance().myPrivateVariable
}
}