What is the difference for each case of this sealed class? - kotlin

Question

While looking at the sample code to use the sealed class, I saw several cases in which the method of using the sealed class was different.
case1 is similar to enum class, but I know that it can create multiple instances.
But what makes case2 different?
And I'm wondering what's the difference between inheriting from a normal class(or interface)
case1
The first case is the most common sealed class method in the sample code.
sealed class Parent(
val t1: String,
val t2: String,
) {
data class A(
val id: String,
val title: String,
val num : Int
) : Parent(
t1 = id,
t2 = title,
) { }
data class B(
val id: String,
val title: String,
) : Parent(
t1 = id,
t2 = title,
) { }
}
case2
The second case is a case where you are curious about the difference from inheriting a normal class.
sealed class Parent(
val t1: String,
open val t2: String,
) { }
data class A(
val id: String,
val title: String,
val num : Int
) : Parent(
t1 = id,
t2 = title,
) { }
data class B(
val id: String,
val title: String,
) : Parent(
t1 = id,
t2 = title,
) { }
open class Parent( // or interface
val t1: String,
open val t2: String,
) { }
data class A(
val id: String,
val title: String,
val num : Int
) : Parent(
t1 = id,
t2 = title,
) { }
data class B(
val id: String,
val title: String,
) : Parent(
t1 = id,
t2 = title,
) { }

Answer 1

Case 1:
uses nested classes.
was the required way to do sealed classes in Kotlin before 1.5.
suggests a direct relationship between the nessted and outer class that you might want to carry throughout your code for clarity (like PaymentType.CreditCard, PaymentType.Checking, etc), so can be used as a grouping / organizing strategy
requires scoping when declaring fields (val paymentMethod = PaymentMethod.CreditCard(...)) or adding extra imports
Case 2:
no more nested classes
only possible as of Kotlin 1.5
suggests a less direct relationship between the base and derived classes that doesn't require being maintained throughout the code (like Animal, Cat, Dog, etc)
Does not require scoping or extra imports (val cat = Cat())
Finally:
And I'm wondering what's the difference between inheriting from a normal class(or interface)
The Kotlin docs are pretty clear on sealed classes and regular classes. The key point for sealed classes being:
Sealed classes and interfaces represent restricted class hierarchies that provide more control over inheritance. All direct subclasses of a sealed class are known at compile time. No other subclasses may appear after a module with the sealed class is compiled. For example, third-party clients can't extend your sealed class in their code. Thus, each instance of a sealed class has a type from a limited set that is known when this class is compiled.
In short: they're enums on crack. (PSA: don't do crack).