Encounter [0]: sub bus of an internal node may not be used when implementing Not16 with Not - hardware

When I was implementing Not16 with Not gates:
CHIP Not16 {
IN in[16];
OUT out[16];
PARTS:
Not(in=[0], out=out[0]);
Not(in=[1], out=out[1]);
Not(in=[2], out=out[2]);
Not(in=[3], out=out[3]);
// ...
Not(in=[15], out=out[15]);
I got an error "[0]: sub bus of an internal node may not be used" on the first part.
However, implementing this with 16 Nand gates is fine:
Nand(a=in[0], b=in[0], out=out[0]);
// ...
Can someone please point to the issue and difference.
p.s. Using HardwareSimulator from Nand2Tetris


I believe you have typos in your Not components. The in should be in the form in=in[x], not in=[x] as you have it currently.
Conversely, your Nand components are properly formatted.


Your format is correct, but try in = in[0] instead of just in = [0]

Related

Can an end point is connected to more than one router in a NoC topology in gem5 garnet3.0?

I am running gem5 version 22.0.0.2. I operate Garnet in a standalone manner in conjunction with the Garnet Synthetic Traffic injector. I want to emulate a routerless NoC so I guess I need to connect an end point (e.g, Cores, Caches, Directories) to more than one "local" router. I just use a python configuration to configure the topology. But when I do this, there is a runtime error:
build/NULL/mem/ruby/network/garnet/GarnetNetwork.cc:125: info: Garnet version 3.0
build/NULL/base/stats/group.cc:121: panic: panic condition statGroups.find(name) != statGroups.end() occurred: Stats of the same group share the same name `power_state`.
Memory Usage: 692360 KBytes
Program aborted at tick 0
Here is a description from the gem5 documentation: "Each network interface is connected to one or more “local” routers which is could be connected through an “External” link." Here is the link:https://www.gem5.org/documentation/general_docs/ruby/heterogarnet/
Here is the constructor of Stats::Group
Group(Group *parent, const char *name = nullptr)
Here is a description from the gem5 documentation: "there are special cases where the parent group may be null. One such special case is SimObjects where the Python code performs late binding of the group parent."
Here is the link:https://www.gem5.org/documentation/general_docs/statistics/api.
I guess the error may be related to this, but I don't know the exact reason.
Any help would be appreciated.
Thank you.

How to configure TRF7970A to work in Special Direct Mode and Direct Mode 1?

I am using two msp430f5529 with booster pack(trf7970a),I'm making one module to work in special direct mode(as per sloa214,SDM is used to transmit data) and another one module to work in Direct Mode1(DM1) to receive transmitted data from module one. But I'm not able to receive any data.
Below is my tx code.
Mifare_SDM_config();
Mifare_SDM_Enter();
Mifare_SDM_Transmit((unsigned int*)tx_buff,10,1); //here 1 is parity bit
Mifare_SDM_Exit();
and my receiver code.
//Entering DM1 Mifare_DM1_Enter();
Mifare_DM1_Recieve(rx_buff,rx_len,1);//here 1 is parity bit
Mifare_DM1_Exit();
am I missing anything?

Why is VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT an invalid choice for multisampling in Vulkan?

Hello people of StackOverflow,
I am currently working on a games engine using the Vulkan graphics API, in the past I was just setting anti-aliasing to the max it could be. However today I was trying to turn it off (to improve performance on weaker systems). To do this I tried to set the MSAA samples on my engine to VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT however this produced the validation error:
Validation Error: [ VUID-VkSubpassDescription-pResolveAttachments-00848 ] Object 0: handle = 0x55aaa6e32828, type = VK_OBJECT_TYPE_DEVICE; | MessageID = 0xfad6c3cb | ValidateCreateRenderPass(): Subpass 0 requests multisample resolve from attachment 0 which has VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT. The Vulkan spec states: If pResolveAttachments is not NULL, for each resolve attachment that is not VK_ATTACHMENT_UNUSED, the corresponding color attachment must not have a sample count of VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT (https://www.khronos.org/registry/vulkan/specs/1.2-extensions/html/vkspec.html#VUID-VkSubpassDescription-pResolveAttachments-00848)
I can work around this problem relatively easily so it isn't really an issue for me, however I was wondering why exactly this limit is put into place. If I want to set the MSAA samples to 1 why can't I?
Thanks,
sckzor

A sample count of 1 means "not a multisampled image". And if you're doing multisample resolve, resolving from a non-multisampled image doesn't make sense. Which is also why you can't use such images for any other things that expect a multisampled image (you can't use an MS-style sampler or texture function on them).

ring server messages not traversing ring

I've almost implemented the well-known ring server, however the messages do not seem to be traversing the ring - here's my code:
module(ring).
-import(lists,[duplicate/2,append/1,zip/2,nthtail/2,nth/2,reverse/1]).
-export([start/3,server/0]).
start(M,N,Msg)->
start(M,N,[],Msg).
start(0,0,_,_)->
ok;
start(M,0,PList,Msg)->
nth(1,PList)!nthtail(1,reverse(zip(append(duplicate(M,PList)),duplicate(M*length(PList),Msg))));
start(M,N,PList,Msg)->
start(M,N-1,[spawn(ring, server, [])|PList],Msg).
server()->
receive
[]->
ok;
[{Pid,Msg}|T]->
io:format("~p,~p~n",[self(),Msg]),
Pid!T;
terminate->
true
end.
it returns the following when executed:
2> ring:start(3,3,"hello").
<0.42.0>,"hello"
<0.41.0>,"hello"
[{<0.41.0>,"hello"},
{<0.42.0>,"hello"},
{<0.40.0>,"hello"},
{<0.41.0>,"hello"},
{<0.42.0>,"hello"},
{<0.40.0>,"hello"},
{<0.41.0>,"hello"},
{<0.42.0>,"hello"}]
May I ask where I am going wrong here? I've checked the zipped process list, and it seems as if it should work. Thanks in advance.

There are 2 mistakes here, the main one is that you do not recursively recall server after printing the message.
The second one is that you should not remove the head of your list when you build the first message, otherwise you will have only m*n - 1 messages passed.
this code works, but it leaves all the processes active, you should enhance it to kill all processes at the end of the "ring":
-module(ring).
-import(lists,[duplicate/2,append/1,zip/2,nthtail/2,nth/2,reverse/1]).
-export([start/3,server/0]).
start(M,N,Msg)->
start(M,N,[],Msg).
start(0,0,_,_)->
ok;
start(M,0,PList,Msg)->
nth(1,PList)!reverse(zip(append(duplicate(M,PList)),duplicate(M*length(PList),Msg)));
start(M,N,PList,Msg)->
start(M,N-1,[spawn(ring, server, [])|PList],Msg).
server()->
receive
[]->
ok;
[{Pid,Msg}|T]->
io:format("In Server ~p,~p~n",[self(),Msg]),
Pid!T,
server();
terminate->
true
end.
On my side, I don't use import, I find it more explicit when I have lists:reverse..., You can use hd/1 to get the first element of a list, and you could use list comprehension to generate your list of {Pid,Msg}

Your processes are terminating, not looping (and there is never a condition under which they will receive 'terminate'). To solve the termination issue, have them spawn_link instead of just spawn so that when the first one dies, they all die.
It is good to kick things off by messaging yourself, to make sure you're not stripping the first message entirely.
-module(ring).
-import(lists,[duplicate/2,append/1,zip/2,nthtail/2,nth/2,reverse/1]).
-export([start/3,server/0]).
start(M, N, Msg)->
Scroll = start(M, N, [], Msg),
self() ! Scroll.
start(0, 0, _, _)->
ok;
start(M, 0, PList, Msg)->
nth(1, PList) ! nthtail(1, reverse(zip(append(duplicate(M, PList)),
duplicate(M * length(PList), Msg))));
start(M, N, PList, Msg)->
start(M, N - 1, [spawn_link(ring, server, []) | PList], Msg).
server()->
receive
[]->
ok;
[{Pid, Msg} | T]->
io:format("~p,~p~n", [self(), Msg]),
Pid ! T,
server()
end.
This produces:
1> c(ring).
{ok,ring}
2> ring:start(3,3,"raar!").
<0.42.0>,"raar!"
<0.41.0>,"raar!"
[{<0.41.0>,"raar!"},
{<0.42.0>,"raar!"},
{<0.40.0>,"raar!"},
{<0.41.0>,"raar!"},
{<0.42.0>,"raar!"},
{<0.40.0>,"raar!"},
{<0.41.0>,"raar!"},
{<0.42.0>,"raar!"}]
<0.42.0>,"raar!"
<0.40.0>,"raar!"
<0.41.0>,"raar!"
<0.42.0>,"raar!"
<0.40.0>,"raar!"
<0.41.0>,"raar!"
As expected. Note that I'm calling server() again on receipt of a message. When the empty list is received they all die because they are linked. No mess.
Some spacing for readability would have been a little more polite. Erlangers usually aren't so leet that we want to plow through a solid mass of characters -- and this actually causes errors with a few operators in some edge cases (like in map syntax). Also, using imported functions is a little less clear. I know is gums up the code with all that namespace business, but its a lifesaver when you start writing larger programs (there are a lot of list operations in the erlang module -- so some of this importing is unnecessary anyway http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/erlang.html#hd-1).

Using Port DD as GPIO on MCF5282

I’ve got a MCF5282 that I’m trying to use PDD4 as a GPIO on. In my setup code, I’ve got:
MCF5282_GPIO_DDRDD = 0x10; /* cs on dd4. */
MCF5282_GPIO_PORTDD = 0x10; /* active-low. */
And in my main loop, I’ve got:
MCF5282_GPIO_PORTDD = (mainloop_cnt & 0x10);
Which should give me a nice square wave on the oscilloscope, but the port doesn’t seem to be doing as I say. Am I missing some setup steps? I can’t find anything in the 5282 manual about a “Port DD pin-assignment register” to repurpose it from its “primary” role as DDATA.
Edit 2011-03-01: We never figured this out, we just used a different pin for GPIO.

You probably need to clear PSTEN in the Chip Configuration Register to disable DDATA, see page 27-4 of the MCF5282 and MCF5216 ColdFire Microcontroller User’s Manual