wikipedia
standard manual
when calculating the SHA-1, we need a sequence of logical functions, f0, f1,…, f79,
I noticed that the function definitions in Wikipedia and the standard manual are different.
oddly, when I chose the ones in the standard manual, the SHA-1 result went wrong.
I used online sha-1 calculators and found that everyone uses the functions written in wikipedia.
Why?
Here are the truth tables for both versions of 'choose' (0..19) and 'majority' (40..59) (for 'parity' 20..39 and 60..79 both sources use xor). Please identify the rows for which the ior result is different from the xor result; those are the cases for which the two formulas produce different results.
x
y
z
x^y
¬x^z
ior
xor
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
x
y
z
x^y
x^z
y^z
ior
xor
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Hint: there are no differences. The results are always the same, and it doesn't matter which formula you use, as long as you do it correctly you get the correct result.
In fact, on checking my copy of 180-4 this is even stated in section 4.1, immediately above the section you quoted:
... Each of the algorithms [for SHA-1, SHA-256 group, and SHA-512 group] include Ch(x, y, z)
and Maj(x, y, z) functions; the exclusive-OR operation (⊕ ) in these functions may be replaced
by a bitwise OR operation (∨) and produce identical results.
If something you did 'went wrong', it's because you did something wrong, but nobody here is psychic so we have absolutely no idea at all what you did wrong.
Related
I have two columns filled with mostly 0's and a few 1's. I want to check whether IF a 1 occurs in the first column, a 1 in the second column occurs within a range of 5 rows of that index. So for example, lets say a 1 occurs in column 1 row 83, then I would like to return TRUE if one or more 1's occur in column 2 row 83-88, and FALSE if this is not the case. Examples of this are listed in the code block. I would want to count the number of TRUE and FALSE occurrences.
TRUE:
0 0
0 0
0 0
1 1
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
TRUE:
0 0
0 0
0 0
1 0
0 0
0 0
0 1
0 1
0 0
0 0
FALSE:
0 0
0 0
0 1
1 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 1
I have no idea where to begin, so I do not have any code to start with:(
Kind regards,
Kai
Assuming you have an ordering column, you can use window functions:
select (case when count(*) = 0 then 'false' else 'true' end)
from (select t.*,
max(col2) over (order by <ordering column>
rows between current row and 4 following
) as max_col2_5
from t
) t
where col1 = 1 and max_col2_5 = 1;
There is an incomplete graph (e.g. including 5 vertices). The adjacency matrix "a" is available. I want to define the set which includes all edges but exclude any other pair of vertices. That is, the pair of vertices belongs to the set of edges iff the element in matrix "a" is positive.
The last line of following code does not work!
sets i "Set of vertices" /1*5/ ;
alias(i,j);
set a(i,j) "Adjacency matrix" ;
Table a(i,j)
1 2 3 4 5
1 0 1 0 1 1
2 1 0 1 0 0
3 0 1 0 0 0
4 1 0 0 0 1
5 1 0 0 1 0;
Set edges(i,j);
edges(i,j) = a(i,j)$(a(i,j)>0);
If you want to have edge , you must define a set and parameter like this :
sets i "Set of vertices" /1*5/ ;
alias(i,j);
set a(i,j) "Adjacency matrix" ;
Table a(i,j)
1 2 3 4 5
1 0 1 0 1 1
2 1 0 1 0 0
3 0 1 0 0 0
4 1 0 0 0 1
5 1 0 0 1 0;
Set edges(i,j);
edges(i,j) $ a(i,j) =yes;
You can simplify your last line to
edges(i,j) = a(i,j);
This automatically acts as if you wrote something like $(a<>0). However, since you defined your symbol a as set already and not as parameter, I think you actually do not have to do anything. A just is what you are looking for. Just do
display a;
and look at the result in the lst file.
I have a table with indicators of directions and based on that I need to derive a new column which tells whether its IN or Out
ORG_IN ORG_OUT DEST_IN DEST_OUT Direction
0 0 0 0 NULL
0 0 0 1 Out
0 0 1 0 In
0 1 0 0 Out
0 1 0 1 Out
0 1 1 0 NULL
1 0 0 0 In
1 0 0 1 NULL
1 0 1 0 In
This is the query where ill derived the direction
http://sqlfiddle.com/#!4/a9f82/1
Do you think it will cover all cases in future for all the combinations. Right now I can see only above combinations. Any better way to write the sql.
select t.*, case ORG_IN + DEST_IN - ORG_OUT - DEST_OUT
when 2 then 'In'
when 1 then 'In'
when 0 then null
when -1 then 'Out'
when -2 then 'Out'
end as Direction
from tablename t
I can't figure out any more valid combinations. However, I'd recommend a check constraint that makes sure no invalid combinations are entered:
check (ORG_IN + ORG_OUT < 2 and DEST_IN + DEST_OUT < 2)
I have a data file which contain more than 2000 lines and 45001 columns.
The first column is actually a "string" which explains the data type.
Start from column #2, up to column #45001, the data is reprsented as
"1"
or
"0"
For example, the pattern of data in a line is
(0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0)
The total number of data is 25. Within this data line, there are 5 sub-groups which are made by only the number "1"s e.g. (11 111 1111 1 111 ). The "0"s in between the subgroups are assumed as "delimiter". The total of all "1"s is = 13.
I would like to calculate the ratio of
(total of all "1"s / total of number of sub-groups made only by "1"s)
That is
(13/5).
I tried with this code for calculating the total of all "1"s ;
awk -F '0' '{print NF}' < inputfile.in
This gives value 13.
But I donn't know how to go further from here to calcuate the ratio that I want.
I don't know how to find the number of sub-groups within each line beacuse the number of occurances of "1"s and "0"s are random.
Wish to get some kind help to sort this problem.
Appreciate any help in advance.
It is not clear to me from the description what the format of the input file is. Assume the input looks like:
$ cat file
0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0
To count up the number of ones and the number of groups of ones and take their ratio:
$ awk '{f=0;s1=0;s2=0;for (i=2;i<=NF;i++){s1+=$i;if ($i && !f)s2++;f=$i}; print s1/s2}' file
2.6
Update: Handling all zeros
Suppose one of the lines in the file has all zeros:
$ cat file
0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
For the second line, both sums are zero which would lead to a divide by zero error. We can avoid that by adding an if statement which will print the ratio if one exists or 0/0 is it doesn't:
if (s2>0)print s1/s2; else print s1"/"s2
The complete code is now:
$ awk '{f=0;s1=0;s2=0;for (i=2;i<=NF;i++){s1+=$i;if ($i && !f)s2++;f=$i}; if (s2>0)print s1/s2; else print s1"/"s2}' file
2.6
0/0
How it works
The code uses three variables. f is a flag which is true (1) if we are currently in a group of ones and is false (0) otherwise. s1 is the the number of ones on the line. s2 is the number of groups of ones on the line.
f=0;s1=0;s2=0
At the beginning of each line, we initialize the variables.
for (i=2;i<=NF;i++){s1+=$i;if ($i && !f)s2++;f=$i}
We loop over each field on the line starting with field 2. If the field contains a 1, we increment counter s1. If the field is 1 and is the start of a new group, we increment s2.
if (s2>0)print s1/s2; else print s1"/"s2}
If we encountered at least one one, we print the ratio s1/s2. Otherwise, we print 0/0.
Here is an awk that does what you need:
cat file
data 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0
data 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
data 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
data 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
BMR_10#O24-BMR_6#O13-H13 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1
data 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
awk '{$1="";$0="0 "$0" 0";t=split($0,b,"1")-1;gsub(/ +/,"");n=split($0,a,"[^1]+")-2;print (n?t/n:0)}' t
2.6
0
25
11
5.5
3
The question is about bulk-changing values in a matrix based on data contained in a vector.
Suppose I have a matrix 5x4 matrix of zeroes.
octave> Z = zeros(5,4)
Z =
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
And a column vector of length equal to the number of rows in Z, that is, 5. The rows in the vector y correspond to rows in the matrix Z.
octave> y = [1; 3; 2; 1; 3]
y =
1
3
2
1
3
What I want is to set 1's in the matrix Z in the columns whose indices are contained as values in the corresponding row of the vector y. Namely, I'd like to have Z matrix like this:
Z = # y =
1 0 0 0 # <-- 1 st column
0 0 1 0 # <-- 3 rd column
0 1 0 0 # <-- 2 nd column
1 0 0 0 # <-- 1 st column
0 0 1 0 # <-- 3 rd column
Is there a concise way of doing it? I know I can implement it using a loop over y, but I have a feeling Octave could have a more laconic way. I am new to Octave.
Since Octave has automatic broadcasting (you'll need Octave 3.6.0 or later), the easies way I can think is to use this with a comparison. Here's how
octave> 1:5 == [1 3 2 1 3]'
ans =
1 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0
0 1 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0
Broadcasting is explained on the Octave manual but Scipy also has a good explanation for it with nice pictures.
Found another solution that does not use broadcasting. It does not need a matrix of zeroes either.
octave> y = [1; 3; 2; 1; 3]
octave> eye(5)(y,:)
ans =
1 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0
0 1 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0
Relevant reading here:
http://www.gnu.org/software/octave/doc/interpreter/Creating-Permutation-Matrices.html