Here I have two tables as student_information and exmaination_marks.
examination_marks table have 3 columns for three subjects and include their marks.
I want to select the roll_number and name of the student from the student_information table where sum of the three subject's marks in examination_marks table is less than 100.
Both table has roll_number as primary key.
Here is the query I wrote.
select
si.roll_number,
si.name
from
student_information as si
left outer join examination_marks as em on
si.roll_number = em.roll_number
where
sum(em.subject_one + em.subject_two + em.subject_three) < 100;
But I got an error saying "ERROR 1111 (HY000) at line 1: Invalid use of group function"
Can any one help me with this?
sum(em.subject_one + em.subject_two + em.subject_three)< 100
this is the problem . Try these
Where (SELECT subject_one + subject_two + subject_three FROM examination_marks WHERE em.roll_number = si.roll_number) < 100
SUM is an "aggregate function" which can only be used inside a query which has a GROUP BY clause.
To get the sum of values within the same row you need to use the + operator. If the columns are NULL-able then you'll also need to use COALESCE (or ISNULL) to prevent NULL values invalidating your entire expression.
Like so:
SELECT
si.roll_number,
si.name,
COALESCE( em.subject_one, 0 ) + COALESCE( em.subject_two, 0 ) + COALESCE( em.subject_three, 0 ) AS sum_marks
FROM
student_information AS si
LEFT OUTER JOIN examination_marks AS em ON
si.roll_number = em.roll_number
WHERE
COALESCE( em.subject_one, 0 ) + COALESCE( em.subject_two, 0 ) + COALESCE( em.subject_three, 0 ) < 100;
(If you're wondering why the COALESCE( em.subje... expression is repeated in the SELECT and WHERE clauses, that's because SQL is horribly designed by (obscene profanities) is an unnecessarily verbose language).
Related
I am joining two tables: breeds + breed_characteristics (bc)
But I'm getting the following error:
PG::UndefinedColumn: ERROR: column "val" does not exist LINE 11
I'm not sure what's wrong, here is my SQL:
SELECT
breeds.*,
CASE bc.user_val
WHEN NULL THEN bc.value
ELSE (bc.value + (bc.user_val/2))/2
END AS val
FROM
breed_characteristics bc
INNER JOIN breeds ON breeds.id = bc.breed_id
WHERE bc.characteristic_id = 45
AND val BETWEEN 4 AND 5
ORDER BY val DESC
(Executing this query on Postgres through Active Record)
You can't use expression alias val in where clause like that.
It's because there is an order in which SQL is executed specified in the SQL standard. Here, the WHERE clause is evaluated before SELECT and hence, the WHERE clause is not aware of the alias you created in the SELECT. The ORDER BY comes after the SELECT and hence can utilize aliases.
Just replace the alias with the actual case expression like this:
SELECT
breeds.*,
CASE bc.user_val
WHEN NULL THEN bc.value
ELSE (bc.value + (bc.user_val/2))/2
END AS val
FROM
breed_characteristics bc
INNER JOIN breeds ON breeds.id = bc.breed_id
WHERE bc.characteristic_id = 45
AND CASE WHEN bc.user_val is NULL THEN bc.value
ELSE (bc.value + (bc.user_val/2))/2
END BETWEEN 4 AND 5
ORDER BY val DESC
However, you can use alias in order by clause.
One option to avoid restating the CASE expression in multiple places is to use a subquery:
SELECT *
FROM
(
SELECT b.*,
bc.characteristic_id,
CASE WHEN bc.user_val IS NULL THEN bc.value
ELSE (bc.value + (bc.user_val / 2)) / 2
END AS val
FROM breed_characteristics bc
INNER JOIN breeds b
ON breeds.id = bc.breed_id
) t
WHERE t.characteristic_id = 45 AND
t.val BETWEEN 4 AND 5
ORDER BY t.val DESC
I have this select, but does not work.
select
a.code1,
a.data1,
a.stval,
(select sum(col1+col2+col3) from tad ) as sum1,
(select sum(col7+col8+col9) from tbac) as sum2,
CASE
WHEN (sum1+sum2) > 100 THEN (a.stval * sum1)
WHEN (sum1+sum2( <= 100 THEN (a.stval * sum2)
END as newdat1
from arti as a
Where is the error? why (sum1+sum2) its error?
Thanks
(sum1 + sum2) is an error because these identifiers are not defined in the scope where you are trying to use them. In an SQL select list, you cannot use symbols declared in the same select list, irrespective of their position on the list. Use a subquery if you need to access sum1 and sum2.
The specific reason is that SQL is a descriptive language that does not guarantee the order of evaluation of expressions. This is true in the select clause. This is true in the where clause. It is true in the from clause. SQL describes what the results look like. It does not prescribe the specific actions.
As a result, SQL does not allow identifiers defined in the select to be used in the same select clause (nor in the where clause at the same level). The expressions can be processed in any order.
The normal solution in your case is to use a subquery or a CTE. In your case, though, the subqueries are independent of the outer query (as written), so I would move them to the from clause:
select a.code1, a.data1, a.stval, x1.sum1, x2.sum2,
(CASE WHEN x1.sum1 + x2.sum2 > 100 THEN a.stval * x1.sum1
WHEN x1.sum1 + x2.sum2 <= 100 THEN a.stval * x2.sum2
END) as newdat1
from arti a cross join
(select sum(col1+col2+col3) as sum1 from tad ) x1 cross join
(select sum(col7+col8+col9) as sum2 from tbac) x2;
EDIT:
You can use a subquery or CTE. But there is an approach that builds on the above:
select a.code1, a.data1, a.stval, x1.sum1, x2.sum2,
(CASE WHEN x1.sum1 + x2.sum2 > 100 THEN a.stval * x1.sum1
WHEN x1.sum1 + x2.sum2 <= 100 THEN a.stval * x2.sum2
END) as newdat1
from arti a join
(select ascon, sum(col1+col2+col3) as sum1
from tad
group by ascon
) x1
on x1.ascon = arti.code1 cross join
(select sum(col7+col8+col9) as sum2 from tbac) x2;
I have a big problem with this query in SQL.
select distinct
b.*,
case
when b.Cash > b2.Cash
then ((b.Cash - b2.Cash) / b.Cash) * 100
end as Increased,
('Cash Increased by' + convert(VARCHAR(20), Increased))) as
Case
from
Accounting b
join
(…
In select statement I created column Increased. Then I want to created another column Case with the following value Cash Increased by… (value from Increased column).
My question is how can I do it in one select statement?
You have two options
Use this query as a subquery and do the concatenation in the outer query
You have to copy-paste the CASE..WHEN into the concatenations
Subquery
SELECT
*
, ('Cash Increased by' + convert(VARCHAR(20), Increased))) AS CASE
FROM (
SELECT DISTINCT
b.*
, CASE
WHEN b.Cash > b2.Cash THEN ((b.Cash - b2.Cash) / b.Cash) * 100
END AS Increased
FROM
Accounting b JOIN (...)
) SubQuery
Copy the CASE part
SELECT DISTINCT
b.*
, CASE
WHEN b.Cash > b2.Cash THEN ((b.Cash - b2.Cash) / b.Cash) * 100
END AS Increased
, (
'Cash Increased by' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(20),
CASE
WHEN b.Cash > b2.Cash THEN ((b.Cash - b2.Cash) / b.Cash) * 100
END)
) AS CASE
FROM
Accounting b JOIN (...)
NOTE
Do not forget to escape (or change) the alias for the concatenation. The CASE is a reserved word in most DMBS!
NOTE 2 Next time please mention the DBMS you are using!
A couple problems.
Solved valid_from_tsp <> max(valid_from_tsp) - how can I get my query to filter based on not being the max date? This idea doesn't work The error being returned is: "Improper use of an aggregate function in a WHERE clause"
My second issue is when I run it without the date, I am returned a syntax error: Syntax error, expected something like 'IN' keyword or 'CONTAINS' keyword between ')' and ')'
What do you see that I don't? Thanks in advance
Edited Query
select
a.*,
b.coverage_typ_cde as stg_ctc
from P_FAR_BI_VW.V_CLAIM_SERVICE_TYP_DIM a
inner join (select distinct etl_partition_id, coverage_typ_cde from
P_FAR_STG_VW.V_CLAIM_60_POLICY_STG where row_Create_tsp > '2013-11-30 23:23:59')b
on (a.etl_partition_id = b.etl_partition_id)
where a.valid_from_tsp > '2013-11-30 23:23:59'
and a.coverage_typ_cde = ' '
and (select * from P_FAR_SBXD.T_CLAIM_SERVICE_TYP_DIM where service_type_id = 136548255
and CAST(valid_from_tsp AS DATE) <> '2014-03-14')
Trouble part: and (select * from P_FAR_SBXD.T_CLAIM_SERVICE_TYP_DIM where service_type_id = 136548255
and CAST(valid_from_tsp AS DATE) <> '2014-03-14')
I am trying to filter by the date on the service_type_id, and I am getting the error in question 2
As for sample data: This is kinda tricky, This query returns many thousands of rows of data. Currently when I do the inner join, I get a secondary unique index violation error. So I am trying to filter out everything but the more recent which could be under that violation (service_type_id is the secondary index)
If I bring back three rows with the service_type_id with three different valid_from_tsp timestamps, I only want to keep the newest one, and in the query, not return the other two.
I don't know about your second question, but your first error is due to using an aggregate function max in a where clause. I'm not really sure what you want to do here, but a quick fix is to replace max(valid_from_tsp) with a subquery that only returns the maximum value.
This is your query:
select a.*, b.coverage_typ_cde as stg_ctc
from P_FAR_BI_VW.V_CLAIM_SERVICE_TYP_DIM a inner join
(select distinct etl_partition_id, coverage_typ_cde
from P_FAR_STG_VW.V_CLAIM_60_POLICY_STG
where row_Create_tsp > '2013-11-30 23:23:59'
) b
on (a.etl_partition_id = b.etl_partition_id)
where a.valid_from_tsp > '2013-11-30 23:23:59' and
a.coverage_typ_cde = ' ' and
(select *
from P_FAR_SBXD.T_CLAIM_SERVICE_TYP_DIM
where service_type_id = 136548255 and
CAST(valid_from_tsp AS DATE) <> '2014-03-14'
);
In general, you cannot have a subquery just there in the where clause with no condition. Some databases might allow a scalar subquery in this context (one that returns one row and one column), but this isn't a scalar subquery. You can fix the syntax by using exists:
where a.valid_from_tsp > '2013-11-30 23:23:59' and
a.coverage_typ_cde = ' ' and
exists (select 1
from P_FAR_SBXD.T_CLAIM_SERVICE_TYP_DIM
where service_type_id = 136548255 and
CAST(valid_from_tsp AS DATE) <> '2014-03-14'
);
Hi I have a question about SUM in sql,
I have a query that looks like this
SELECT
SUM ( table_one.field + table_two.field ) as total_field
SUM ( total_field + table_one.anotherfield )
FROM
table_one
JOIN
table_two ON table_one.id = table_two.id
WHERE
table_one = 1
But this doesn't work ( dont mind possible typing errors in JOIN statement, only the second SUM is the probly the query works perfecly without that SUM)
Is there another way to do it, as I need the total_field within my application. I can ofcource add those numbers within the application but I prefer to do it in sql.
You cannot use the column alias in an aggregate to reference the value, just SUM again;
SELECT
SUM ( table_one.field + table_two.field ) as total_field, --your missing a , also
SUM ( table_one.field + table_two.field + table_one.anotherfield )
FROM
table_one
JOIN
table_two ON table_one.id = table_two.id
WHERE
table_one = 1
SUM is an aggregate function. This means you can aggregate data from a field over several tuples and sum it up into a single tuple.
What you want to do is this:
SELECT
table_one.field + table_two.field,
table_one.field + table_two.field + table_one.anotherfield
or maybe this:
SELECT
SUM(table_one.field) + SUM(table_two.field),
SUM(table_one.field) + SUM(table_two.field) + SUM(table_one.anotherfield)
Try replacing "total_field" with "table_one.field + table_two.field" in second SUM().
The name "total_field" is an alias and as such cannot be used in an aggregate functions
The easiest and quickest way is to simply replace the code for total_field in the second calculation.
SELECT
SUM ( ISNULL(table_one.field,0) + ISNULL(table_two.field,0) ) as total_field
SUM ( ISNULL(table_one.field,0) + ISNULL(table_two.field,0) + IsNUll(table_one.anotherfield,0) )
from
table_one
As your code doesn't cater for a null value in the fields you may get warnings when sum the values. I would suggest using IsNull as above and if there is a null value just treat it as 0.
You could use a subquery like this:
SELECT
total_field,
total_field + sum_anotherfield
FROM (
SELECT
SUM(table_one.field + table_two.field) AS total_field,
SUM(table_one.anotherfield) AS sum_anotherfield
FROM
table_one
JOIN
table_two ON table_one.id = table_two.id
WHERE
table_one.somefield = 1
) x