I have a problem with running my jar execution file built by Intellij Idea Artifacts in command line. Error message is
NoClassDefFoundError: io.mattmoore.kotlin.playground.cinterop.Greeter
But it worked when I use the IDE to execute "RUN".
Do you have any Idea why is that happening?
Highly appreciated if someone could give me a hint about how to fix it.
Harrison
IDE knows better where to find dependencies, but once you export .jar file, you need to manually ensure that no dependency is missing
(and that all get loaded).
Example:
To run MyProgram.jar, place all your dependencies inside of libs directory (which you need to create beside it), then use command like:
java -cp 'MyProgram.jar:libs/*' my_package.MyMainClass
OR for Windows (use semicolon)
java -cp 'MyProgram.jar;libs/*' my_package.MyMainClass
Note that dependency means other .jar files, for example, the one that defines io.mattmoore.kotlin.playground.cinterop.Greeter class.
See also How to call ".jar” with additional classpath option?
Related
What are the possible causes of a "java.lang.Error: Unresolved compilation problem"?
Additional information:
I have seen this after copying a set of updated JAR files from a build on top of the existing JARs and restarting the application. The JARs are built using a Maven build process.
I would expect to see LinkageErrors or ClassNotFound errors if interfaces changed. The above error hints at some lower level problem.
A clean rebuild and redeployment fixed the problem. Could this error indicate a corrupted JAR?
(rewritten 2015-07-28)
Summary: Eclipse had compiled some or all of the classes, and its compiler is more tolerant of errors.
Long explanation:
The default behavior of Eclipse when compiling code with errors in it, is to generate byte code throwing the exception you see, allowing the program to be run. This is possible as Eclipse uses its own built-in compiler, instead of javac from the JDK which Apache Maven uses, and which fails the compilation completely for errors. If you use Eclipse on a Maven project which you are also working with using the command line mvn command, this may happen.
The cure is to fix the errors and recompile, before running again.
The setting is marked with a red box in this screendump:
try to clean the eclipse project
you just try to clean maven by command
mvn clean
and after that following command
mvn eclipse:clean eclipse:eclipse
and rebuild your project....
Your compiled classes may need to be recompiled from the source with the new jars.
Try running "mvn clean" and then rebuild
The major part is correctly answered by Thorbjørn Ravn Andersen.
This answer tries to shed light on the remaining question: how could the class file with errors end up in the jar?
Each build (Maven & javac or Eclipse) signals in its specific way when it hits a compile error, and will refuse to create a Jar file from it (or at least prominently alert you). The most likely cause for silently getting class files with errors into a jar is by concurrent operation of Maven and Eclipse.
If you have Eclipse open while running a mvn build, you should disable Project > Build Automatically until mvn completes.
EDIT:
Let's try to split the riddle into three parts:
(1) What is the meaning of "java.lang.Error: Unresolved compilation
problem"
This has been explained by Thorbjørn Ravn Andersen. There is no doubt that Eclipse found an error at compile time.
(2) How can an eclipse-compiled class file end up in jar file created
by maven (assuming maven is not configured to used ecj for
compilation)?
This could happen either by invoking Maven with no or incomplete cleaning. Or, an automatic Eclipse build could react to changes in the filesystem (done by Maven) and re-compile a class, before Maven proceeds to collect class files into the jar (this is what I meant by "concurrent operation" in my original answer).
(3) How come there is a compile error, but mvn clean succeeds?
Again several possibilities: (a) compilers don't agree whether or not the source code is legal, or (b) Eclipse compiles with broken settings like incomplete classpath, wrong Java compliance etc. Either way a sequence of refresh and clean build in Eclipse should surface the problem.
I had this error when I used a launch configuration that had an invalid classpath. In my case, I had a project that initially used Maven and thus a launch configuration had a Maven classpath element in it. I had later changed the project to use Gradle and removed the Maven classpath from the project's classpath, but the launch configuration still used it. I got this error trying to run it. Cleaning and rebuilding the project did not resolve this error. Instead, edit the launch configuration, remove the project classpath element, then add the project back to the User Entries in the classpath.
I got this error multiple times and struggled to work out. Finally, I removed the run configuration and re-added the default entries. It worked beautifully.
Just try to include package name in eclipse in case if you forgot it
Import all packages before using it, EX: import java.util.Scanner before using Scanner class.
These improvements might work and it will not give Java: Unresolved compilation problem anymore.
Also make sure to check compiler compliance level and selected jdk version is same
As a weird case, I encountered such an exception where the exception message (unresolved compilation bla bla) was hardcoded inside of generated class' itself. Decompiling the class revealed this.
I had the same issue using the visual studio Code. The root cause was backup java file was left in the same directory.
Removed the backup java file
When the build failed, selected the Fix it, it cleaned up the cache and restarted the workSpace.
This is very close to what I'm trying to accomplish. How to compile and run kotlin program in command line with external java library
I really want to learn how to compile and run simple code that includes libraries but am getting a bit lost when it comes to including classpaths.
I’m currently trying to compile and run
import kotlinx.serialization.*
import kotlinx.serialization.json.*
#Serializable
data class Project(val name: String, val language: String)
fun main() {
// Serializing objects
val data = Project("kotlinx.serialization", "Kotlin")
val string = Json.encodeToString(data)
println(string) // {"name":"kotlinx.serialization","language":"Kotlin"}
// Deserializing back into objects
val obj = Json.decodeFromString<Project>(string)
println(obj) // Project(name=kotlinx.serialization, language=Kotlin)
}
using
kotlinc -cp "C:\PROGRA~1\Kotlin\lib\kotlinx-serialization-runtime-1.0-M1-1.4.0-rc.jar" main.kt
to compile with this compiler
https://blog.jetbrains.com/kotlin/2020/07/kotlin-1-4-rc-released/
allowed lib at bottom of the article
that's where kotlinx-serialization-runtime-1.0-M1-1.4.0-rc.jar is coming from. I chose this runtime jar because when I use the new kotlin 4.0.21 compiler it requires the kotlin-serialization-runtime-1.0.1.jar which you need to build yourself but when I download the source and run gradle build it doesn't seem to get generated (separate problem but would love to know how to build the runtime jar myself)
when I try and run I get
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: kotlinx/serialization/json/Json
at MainKt.main(main.kt:12)
at MainKt.main(main.kt)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:64)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:564)
at org.jetbrains.kotlin.runner.AbstractRunner.run(runners.kt:64)
at org.jetbrains.kotlin.runner.Main.run(Main.kt:149)
at org.jetbrains.kotlin.runner.Main.main(Main.kt:159)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: kotlinx.serialization.json.Json
at java.base/java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:435)
at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:589)
at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:522)
... 9 more
I know I need to include a classpath when I run
kotlin MainKt
but have tried everything with no success
I've tried many different combinations of things including
compiling with and without
-Xplugin="C:\PROGRA~1\Kotlin\lib\kotlinx-serialization-compiler-plugin.jar doesn't seem to make a difference so I left it off.
I have tried compiling to both a java .jar as well as a kotlin .class file both seem to need classpath information at runtime. I would rather compile to a kotlin .class and keep java out of this until I really need it. This way I can learn what java is really doing in my application.
I guess what I really want to know is how one can determine what is required at runtime for an executable to run. I found this site which helps show dependencies but is for older versions of kotlin https://kotlin.binarydoc.org/org.jetbrains.kotlin/kotlin-compiler-dist/1.3.71/package?package=kotlinx.serialization
I’ve also been peaking into the .class files using https://github.com/google/android-classyshark
and
https://github.com/borisf/classyshark-bytecode-viewer
but still when people tell others, on StackOverflow, what classpath they need to use to solve their problem it seems like magic. Can someone out there teach me how to fish without gradle?
p.s. If anyone has any good resources on learning the internals of how gradle is building the project. I've looked here a bit https://docs.gradle.org/current/userguide/userguide.pdf but didn’t seem to help. maybe I missed something. Also, this page https://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/serialization.html#example-json-serialization seems to have what I need but can't seem to transfer that to what the command line needs.
dependencies {
implementation("org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-serialization-json:1.0.1")
}
what does this mean? I think this is referring to this https://github.com/Kotlin/kotlinx.serialization
but then how can I build what I need from this repo and use it to allow my application to know where its runtime dependencies are? ugh. I really wanted to figure all this out myself, but I must kneel to the internet gods for this one. Sorry, my post is a mess. I love to learn.
It took some time but I was able to build and run the serialization sample found at https://github.com/Kotlin/kotlinx.serialization on the command line using the current kotlinc compiler and the kotlinx.serializtion.1.0.1 library.
Here are the direct links to the compilers and libs
kotlinc and kotlinc-native v1.4.20
https://github.com/JetBrains/kotlin/releases/tag/v1.4.20
Kotlinx.serialization v1.0.1
https://github.com/Kotlin/kotlinx.serialization/releases/tag/v1.0.1
These both can also be found in the 1.4.20 releases blog post under the section titled How To Update:
https://blog.jetbrains.com/kotlin/2020/11/kotlin-1-4-20-released/
Setting Up Katlin’s .jar Libraries
After updating my path to point to the new compilers I still needed to build the serialization libs. This was as simple as running gradle build in the root directory of the unzipped kotlinx-serialization-1.0.1 folder. Make sure to set your JAVA-HOME system variable before you do this or it won’t work.
Once it's built you need to grab both the kotlinx-serialization-json-jvm-SNAPSHOT-1.0.1.jar and the kotlinx-serialization-core-jvm-SNAPSHOT-1.0.1.jar files and move them into the project directory. This definitely confused me because I had found a runtime lib for kotlinx serialization on the MVN repository site that was one jar file, but I wasn't seeing it after building the 1.0.1 libraries. Once I extracted the 1.0.1 runtime jar I found online, by renaming the .jar to .zip, it became apparent that it consisted of both the contents of the core and json jars. Don’t use the kotlinx-serialization-1.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar. This jar only contains a blank MANIFEST.ms file. You can find the kotlinx-serialization-core-jvm-1.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar in the kotlinx.serialization-1.0.1\core\build\libs folder and the kotlinx-serialization-json-jvm-1.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar in the kotlinx.serialization-1.0.1\formats\json\build\libs folder. anyways.
Compiling Your .jar Library
once you have the jars in your project folder you can build your project
I included my cleanbuildandrun.sh shell script down below for easy reference.
My first attempt 1) was to try and build the project without compiling it to a .jar library file. This was a complete failure. I got it to compile but running the project proved much harder. I was unable to tell kotlin where the libraries were at runtime. I tried so many different things Including trying to point it to a manifest file I created but nothing seemed to work. It seems you need to build an executable jar in order to make this work. which brings me to my second try 2). This is where I found more success.
Attempt 2)
First you need to include the kotlinx-serialization-compiler-plugin.jar using the "-Xplugin" compiler flag. My understanding is that plugins are used to define annotations to the compiler like #Serializable. You can find this jar file in the lib folder inside the compiler you just downloaded. I copied this into my projects /lib folder next to the other jar files to make things self-contained and portable.
Next you need to tell the compiler where to find the library classes you want to access using the "-classpath" or "-cp" compiler flag.
Make sure to include kotlin runtime libraries using the "-include-runtime" compiler flag. This will bundle the kotlin standard class libraries within your jar so you don’t need to point at them during runtime.
Last direct the compiler to build a jar file by providing the -d compiler flag with the name and extension of your soon to be .jar file. That’s it, your off compiling.
Example Shell Script:
#!/bin/bash
sh clean.sh
case $1 in
1) # Comming Soon
kotlinc -verbose -Xplugin="lib\kotlinx-serialization-compiler-plugin.jar" \
-cp "lib\kotlinx-serialization-json-jvm-1.0.1.jar;lib\kotlinx-serialization-core-jvm-1.0.1.jar" \
main.kt
;;
2) # Working
kotlinc main.kt -Xplugin="lib\kotlinx-serialization-compiler-plugin.jar" \
-cp "lib\kotlinx-serialization-json-jvm-1.0.1.jar;lib\kotlinx-serialization-core-jvm-1.0.1.jar" \
-include-runtime -d main.jar
jar ufm Main.jar ManifestAdditions.txt lib
kotlin main.jar
;;
3) # Comming Soon
kotlinc-native main.kt -verbose -Xplugin="lib\kotlinx-serialization-compiler-plugin.jar" \
-cp "lib\kotlinx-serialization-json-jvm-1.0.1.jar;lib\kotlinx-serialization-core-jvm-1.0.1.jar" \
-manifest ManifestAddition.txt -o main
;;
esac
Running your .jar Library
By default, when you compiled the jar it created a MANIFEST.ms file that it uses to tell your jar library where the entry point is. which would be enough if we weren’t using additional libraries in our application. So next we need to add those libraries to the jar file we compiled while at the same time updating its MANIFEST.ms file to tell it where those libraries are within that jar file. We can use the cli tool jar to accomplish this. With the command:
jar ufm Main.jar ManifestAdditions.txt lib
we are able to update the current jar file.
u - tells jar we want to update an existing jar file
f - indicates that we are providing the jar file we want to update on the cmd line
m - indicates that we will be providing the manifest file
The Manifest .txt file should look like this:
Main-Class: MainKt
Class-Path: lib\kotlinx-serialization-core-jvm-1.0.1.jar lib\kotlinx-serialization-json-jvm-1.0.1.jar
Make sure to add a new line at the end of the file or it won’t parse the Class-Path.
That’s it. Now we have an executable jar file that we can use to run our serialization code on the command line:
kotlin main.jar
should output:
{"name":"kotlinx.serialization","language":"Kotlin"}
Project(name=kotlinx.serialization, language=Kotlin)
Post Mark
I would really like to turn this answer into a blog post that explains how to use the kotlin compiler, with libraries, on the command line. The information is out there but it seems to be scattered. I would like to include how to compile and run without using jar files, if that’s even possible, as well as how to compile and run using the native compiler. If anyone can help fill in these gaps it would be much appreciated. I think this information could help others learn how to set up simple test environments so they can better understand the functionality of these libs without having to set up a build script. This will be my first attempt at creating a tutorial type blog post so any information would really help.
I have build a JavaFX application which can be executed by its jar file. However if i try to run it using the native exe bundle i am receiving two popups:
Error Invoking method
Failed to launch JVM
and the application fails to start.
The Javafx application is build with intellij ide.
The project structure looks as follows;
when launching the application following popup shows..
The config file looks as follows:-
The packaged jar file is executing properly...
the problem occurs when starting application with launching exe file.
kindly tell me what could went wrong?
UPDATE:
It seems that the build output runtime/bin directory does not contain java.exe file therefore i think the application does not launches.
the output when try to run the application is as follows:
i have build the application with intellij idea, i think there is a problem with that. Kindly look into this matter.
UPDATED:-
Run it from the command line using the runtime that was bundled for you:
If you made an executable Jar (with a proper manifest specifying the classpath and main class)
cd firecap
runtime\bin\java -jar app\libs\your-main.jar
If you don't have an executable jar use something like
cd firecap
runtime\bin\java -cp app\libs\*.* your.main.class.name
Since java.exe is a console program you should be able to see the full error output to get a better idea of what is going wrong.
You very likely have missed including a needed module in the runtime.
It is also possible you ran into a bug that I discovered recently: https://bugs.openjdk.java.net/browse/JDK-8254920
I created my runtime image with this command:
"C:\Program Files\BellSoft\LibericaJDK-15-Full\bin\jlink.exe" --no-header-files --no-man-page, --compress=1 --add-modules java.management,java.logging,javafx.controls,java.xml,java.desktop --output C:\MyProject\build\image\runtime
But yours may be different depending on what modules you need. Note also that I used a JDK from BellSoft that included the JavaFX modules to make it easier.
I'm trying to create an executable jar from IntelliJ.
First I got the Java Security Exception and I changed sqljdbc4-4.0 to unsigned. First problem solved.
Then I got Manifest not found. Added META-INF dir to output. Second problem solved.
Next I got the BeanCreationException (unsolved):
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Cannot determine embedded database driver class for database type NONE. If you want an embedded database please put a supported one on the classpath.
In IntelliJ it is working.
I think the resources are not in the output. (application.properties, ...)
In which way do I add the resources or where are they stored in the jar.
I'm using gradle and on the spring boot homepage are only instructions for maven.
You should use spring-boot-maven-plugin or spring-boot-gradle-plugin, depending on your preferred build system.
EDIT:
Just run ./gradlew build
I suggest to dive into this getting started guide. It clarifies a lot of stuff for beginners.
A typical Spring boot project is a Maven project or a Gradle-Project (I only know how to do it with Maven, for Gradle see [luboskrnacs answer][1]). So you just need to run the maven targetpackageand pick the jar form the (created)target` folder
use a shell, go to the project root directory (where the pom.xml file is) and type
mvn clean package
cd target
the there is the xxx.jar file.
I've started working on a large project where the IntelliJ environment has already been set up. The environment includes JUnit, and I can successfully run unit tests. I've seen screens where I can specify the usage of JUnit 3 or JUnit 4, but how can I determine which specific JUnit is being used to run my tests, e.g., JUnit 4.11?
I have already tried "Open Module Settings". When I look at the "Dependencies" tab, I don't see anything relating to JUnit, although I can run JUnit tests.
Which jar is used?
When you run JUnit from IntelliJ, the very first line of the console output displays your classpath. You can use Ctrl+F to find any "junit" references.
junit-rt.jar is a helper library that JetBrains might have written. By opening the jar as an archive with 7-zip, you will find that the only package inside it is under com.intellij
According to Java: Which of multiple resources on classpath JVM takes? the first reference to junit.jar is the one you will use.
What version is that jar?
Once you know which jar is being used, there are a number of ways to find the version. One is to use this code taken from https://stackoverflow.com/a/16729507/1405720
import junit.runner.Version;
System.out.println("JUnit version is: " + Version.id());
Another method might be to open up the jar as an archive and see if you can figure it out from there.
If you are looking for the JUnit libraries that are shipped with IntelliJ have a look at the corresponding jars in the lib/ directory of your Intellij IDEA installation.
For more information on this have a look at the online documention:
http://www.jetbrains.com/idea/webhelp/configuring-testing-libraries.html
http://www.jetbrains.com/idea/webhelp/testing.html