I have trained TensorFlow model with 200 car images, they can success detection:
But, when there is no car in the image, a false car detection occurs, why?, how i can prevent this?:
Your model needs to be trained with negative examples (i.e. images without any cars in them). It needs to understand that it is possible that an image doesn't have any car.
Further, it looks like the model has understood some unrelated features as car features. E.g.: the parking lot area. To avoid this use random erasing augmentation while training model.
Random erasing -Inspired by the mechanisms of dropout regularization, random erasing can be seen as analogous to dropout except in the input data space rather than embedded into the network architecture. By removing certain input patches, the model is forced to find other descriptive characteristics.
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I am currently testing out custom object detection using the Tensorflow API. But I don't quite seem to understand the theory behind it.
So if I for example download a version of MobileNet and use it to train on, lets say, red and green apples. Does it forget all the things that is has already been trained on? And if so, why does it then benefit to use MobileNet over building a CNN from scratch.
Thanks for any answers!
Does it forget all the things that is has already been trained on?
Yes, if you re-train a CNN previously trained on a large database with a new database containing fewer classes it will "forget" the old classes. However, the old pre-training can help learning the new classes, this is a training strategy called "transfert learning" of "fine tuning" depending on the exact approach.
As a rule of thumb it is generally not a good idea to create a new network architecture from scratch as better networks probably already exist. You may want to implement your custom architecture if:
You are learning CNN's and deep learning
You have a specific need and you proved that other architectures won't fit or will perform poorly
Usually, one take an existing pre-trained network and specialize it for their specific task using transfert learning.
A lot of scientific literature is available for free online if you want to learn. you can start with the Yolo series and R-CNN, Fast-RCNN and Faster-RCNN for detection networks.
The main concept behind object detection is that it divides the input image in a grid of N patches, and then for each patch, it generates a set of sub-patches with different aspect ratios, let's say it generates M rectangular sub-patches. In total you need to classify MxN images.
In general the idea is then analyze each sub-patch within each patch . You pass the sub-patch to the classifier in your model and depending on the model training, it will classify it as containing a green apple/red apple/nothing. If it is classified as a red apple, then this sub-patch is the bounding box of the object detected.
So actually, there are two parts you are interested in:
Generating as many sub-patches as possible to cover as many portions of the image as possible (Of course, the more sub-patches, the slower your model will be) and,
The classifier. The classifier is normally an already exisiting network (MobileNeet, VGG, ResNet...). This part is commonly used as the "backbone" and it will extract the features of the input image. With the classifier you can either choose to training it "from zero", therefore your weights will be adjusted to your specific problem, OR, you can load the weigths from other known problem and use them in your problem so you won't need to spend time training them. In this case, they will also classify the objects for which the classifier was training for.
Take a look at the Mask-RCNN implementation. I find very interesting how they explain the process. In this architecture, you will not only generate a bounding box but also segment the object of interest.
I am using Tensorflow Object Detection API for fine-tuning, using my own data. The goal is to detect 2 classes of objects. I am using the pre-trained faster_rcnn_resnet101_coco model.
The various detection box precision and recall measures are generally increasing (see screenshots below) and are fairly high:
The box classifier losses are decreasing. HOWEVER, the RPN losses are increasing (see screenshots below) -- It looks that the model is having a hard time distinguishing foregrounds from backgrounds (hence, the increasing RPN losses), but once the model is able to identify and locate the right foreground, it classifies well (hence, the decreasing box classifier losses)? I think this can be observed in the model's performance on test images: the false positive rate (on images that do not contain any of the two classes of target objects) is rather high. On the other hand, on images that do contain those target objects, the model does a fantastic job in accurately identifying and locating those objects.
So my question is essentially: what are some of the things I could try to help make sure RPN losses are also decreasing.
I have implemented a form of the LeNet model via tensorflow and python for a Car number plate recognition system. My model was trained solely on my train data and tested on the test data. My dataset contains segmented images wherein every image has only one character in them. This is what my data looks like. My created model does not perform very well, so I'm now looking for models which I can use via Transfer Learning. Since most models, are already trained on a humongous dataset, I looked over a few like AlexNet, ResNet, GoogLeNet and Inception v2. Most of these models have not been trained on the type of data that I want which would be, Letters and digits.
Question: Should I still go forward with one of these models and train them on my dataset or are there any better models which would help ? For such models would keras be a better option since it is more high level than Tensorflow?
Question: I'd prefer to work with the LeNet model itself since training the other models would definitely take a long time due to the insufficient specs of my laptop. So is there any implementation of the model which uses machine printed character images to train the model which I could use to then train the final layers of the model on my data?
to get good results you should use a model explicitly designed for text recognition.
First, (roughly) crop the input image to the region around the text.
Then, feed the image of the text into a neural network (NN) to detect the text.
A typical NN for text recognition extracts relevant features (with convolutional NN), propagates those features through the image (with recurrent NN) and finally predicts a character score for each position in the image.
Usually, those networks are trained with the CTC loss.
As a starting point I would suggest looking at the CRNN implementation (they also provide a pre-trained model) [1] and the corresponding paper [2]. There is, as far as I remember, also a TensorFlow implementation on github.
You can use any framework (e.g TensorFlow or CNTK or ...) you like as long as it features convolutional and recurrent NN and the CTC loss.
I once attended a presentation about CNTK where they claimed that they have a very fast implementation of recurrent NN - so maybe CNTK would be a good choice for your slow computer?
[1] CRNN implementation: https://github.com/bgshih/crnn
[2] Shi - An End-to-End Trainable Neural Network for Image-based Sequence Recognition and Its Application to Scene Text Recognition
I was training keras with tensorflow for person detection. After the training, when the testing was done so many images contains redundant labeling of person. ie; for a single person in an image, multiple labeling as a person was shown. What is the actual reason behind this?
My training set contains nearly 2000 images, a single class person, batch=32, epoch=100, threshold=0.55 and testing images=250.
Overtraining of samples may lead to redundancy and if you are using different angles of an image, for example if you train for detecting people and you are providing samples of human from different angles, then it may show errors on detection in real cases. If this is not the issue, then non- maximal suppression will be the better option.
With TensorFlow, I want to train an object detection model with my own images based on ssd_inception_v2_coco model. The problem I have is that all my pictures are black and white. What performance can I expect? Should I try to colorize my B&W pictures first? Or at the opposite, should I try to retrain base network with images "uncolorized"? Are there general guidelines for B&W processing of images for deep learning object detection?
I wouldn't go through the trouble of colorizing if you are planning on using a pretrained model. I would expect that explicitly colorizing your images as a pre-processing step would help very little (if at all) since in theory the features that a colorizing network learns can also be learned by the detection network.
If you are planning on pretraining your detection network that was trained on an RGB dataset, make sure you either (i) replace the first convolution in the network with a convolutional layer that expects a single-channel input, or (ii) pad your image with two all-zero channels.
You may get slightly worse detection performance simply because you lose two thirds of the image's pixel information when using BW instead of RGB.