I have created a new class and added this piece there but I get an error. The same piece runs on another class.
package BeginnerPrograms;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import io.github.bonigarcia.wdm.WebDriverManager;
public class WebLocators {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("http://www.developer.salesforce.com/signup");
}
}
Error received: The path to the driver executable must be set by the webdriver.chrome.driver system property;
No, You don't need to add WebDriver path into the POM file.
Just declare that in #BeforeSuite if you are using TestNG or in your TestBase class.
and use the instance of driver everywhere.
TestNG Example :
#BeforeSuite
public void setUpSuite() {
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver","D:\\ChromeDriver\\chromedriver.exe")
}
Only Java Example :
public class TestBase{
public TestBase(){
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver","D:\\ChromeDriver\\chromedriver.exe")
//Your other constructor stuff here.
}
}
and in your TestClass, use it like this :
public class TestClass extends TestBase{
public void someTestMethod(){
new TestBase();
//proceed with your test case here
}
}
Related
I am using webdrivermanager with driver call.
But it retains the pom pattern and is difficult to construct in parallel using the threadlocal class.
My module is structured as below.
Some of my code.
Driver class
public class Driver {
public WebDriver setDriver(WebDriver driver, String browser, String lang) throws Exception {
if (browser.contains("Chrome")) {
ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
WebDriverManager.chromedriver().clearResolutionCache().clearDriverCache().setup();
}
options.addArguments(lang);
driver = new ChromeDriver(options);
Capabilities cap = ((RemoteWebDriver) driver).getCapabilities();
} else {
WebDriverManager.iedriver().clearResolutionCache().clearDriverCache().setup();
}
driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.manage().deleteAllCookies();
return driver;
}
}
Next Pageclass
public class LoginPage{
private WebDriver driver;
#CacheLookup
#FindBy(id = "j_domain")
public static WebElement domainField;
#CacheLookup
#FindBy(id = "j_username")
public static WebElement usernameField;
#CacheLookup
#FindBy(id = "j_password")
public static WebElement passwordField;
public LoginPage(WebDriver driver) {
this.driver = driver;
PageFactory.initElements(driver,this);
}
}
Next Base testclass :
public class BaseTest {
public WebDriver driver;
public LoginPage loginPage;
#Parameters({"browser"})
#BeforeClass
public void Setup(ITestContext context, String browsertype) throws Exception {
pageFactory.driver.Driver driversetting = new pageFactory.driver.Driver();
driver = driversetting.setDriver(driver, browsertype, "lang=ko_KR");
context.setAttribute("webDriver", driver);
loginPage = new LoginPage(driver);
}
}
Next testclass
public class Remotepc_Center extends BaseTest {
#Test(priority = 1, enabled = true)
public void a1(Method method) throws Exception {
}
}
Using threadlocal I want sessions to be configured independently and tests running in parallel.
You would need to follow the below sugggestions/recommendations in order for you to be able to work with Page Object Model and thread local variables, please do the following:
Make use of a library such as autospawn to handle the webdriver instances backed by thread local variables.
Make sure that you create Page Objects only within your test methods because that's the only place wherein your thread local variables would have a webdriver that can be accessed by the test method as well. Querying the thread local variable for retrieving the webdriver instance from within a configuration method such as #BeforeClass (in the testng world) is going to give you a different thread.
In TestNG context, only a #BeforeMethod, #Test and a #AfterMethod are guaranteed to run in the same thread.
For additional details on how to work with a thread local variable, you can perhaps refer to my blog
For the sake of completeness, including relevant code snippets for the thread local creation.
Define a factory that can create webdriver instances as below
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver;
class LocalDriverFactory {
static WebDriver createInstance(String browserName) {
WebDriver driver = null;
if (browserName.toLowerCase().contains("firefox")) {
driver = new FirefoxDriver();
return driver;
}
if (browserName.toLowerCase().contains("internet")) {
driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();
return driver;
}
if (browserName.toLowerCase().contains("chrome")) {
driver = new ChromeDriver();
return driver;
}
return driver;
}
}
Define a driver manager class that looks like below:
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
public class LocalDriverManager {
private static ThreadLocal<WebDriver> webDriver = new ThreadLocal<WebDriver>();
public static WebDriver getDriver() {
return webDriver.get();
}
static void setWebDriver(WebDriver driver) {
webDriver.set(driver);
}
}
Define a TestNG listener that looks like below
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.testng.IInvokedMethod;
import org.testng.IInvokedMethodListener;
import org.testng.ITestResult;
public class WebDriverListener implements IInvokedMethodListener {
#Override
public void beforeInvocation(IInvokedMethod method, ITestResult testResult) {
if (method.isTestMethod()) {
String browserName = method.getTestMethod().getXmlTest().getLocalParameters().get("browserName");
WebDriver driver = LocalDriverFactory.createInstance(browserName);
LocalDriverManager.setWebDriver(driver);
}
}
#Override
public void afterInvocation(IInvokedMethod method, ITestResult testResult) {
if (method.isTestMethod()) {
WebDriver driver = LocalDriverManager.getDriver();
if (driver != null) {
driver.quit();
}
}
}
}
A typical test case would now look like below:
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
public class ThreadLocalDemo {
#Test
public void testMethod1() {
invokeBrowser("http://www.ndtv.com");
}
#Test
public void testMethod2() {
invokeBrowser("http://www.facebook.com");
}
private void invokeBrowser(String url) {
System.out.println("Thread " + Thread.currentThread().getId());
System.out.println("HashcodeebDriver instance = " +
LocalDriverManager.getDriver().hashCode());
LocalDriverManager.getDriver().get(url);
}
}
Hi When i run the following testNG file as a standalone script if executes as expected.
public class TESTTNGClass {
WebDriver driver;
#Test
public void f() {
System.out.println("In Test");
}
#BeforeMethod
public void beforeMethod() {
System.out.println("Before Test");
}
#AfterMethod
public void afterMethod() {
System.out.println("After Test");
}
}
O/P:
Before Test
In Test
After Test
But why does the same not work when called from another class. Please help to achieve the same when triggered from another class. Following is the class calling the test class
public class TESTClass {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
TESTTNGClass t = new TESTTNGClass();
t.f();
}
}
O/P:
In Test
Here is the Answer to your Question:
In the process of understanding and experiment with Java & TestNG you have diminished the Annotation power of TestNG.
When you are executing TESTTNGClass.java as a TestNG Test all works well. No issues.
When you are executing TESTClass.java as a Java Application, Java only understands main() where you are creating an object of Class TESTTNGClass and then you are calling the method f(). As Java Compiler have have no idea of BeforeMethod, Test & AfterMethod Annotations of TestNG, it simply executes f() method, prints In Test and ends execution.
About how to do it:
Replace main() by some other name foo().
Bring f() from "TESTTNGClass" class into "TESTClass" class.
While you write "TESTClass" class extend "TESTTNGClass" class.
Execute "TESTClass.java" as a TestNG Test
Your Application will look like:
TESTTNGClass Class:
package Q44240531_TestNG_Main;
import org.testng.annotations.AfterMethod;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeMethod;
public class TESTTNGClass
{
#BeforeMethod
public void beforeMethod() {
System.out.println("Before Test");
}
#AfterMethod
public void afterMethod() {
System.out.println("After Test");
}
}
TESTClass Class:
package Q44240531_TestNG_Main;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
public class TESTClass extends TESTTNGClass {
#Test
public void f()
{
System.out.println("In Test");
}
}
Let me know if this Answers your Question.
public class TESTClass extends TESTTNGClass {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
TESTTNGClass t = new TESTTNGClass();
try{
t.f();
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
Can anyone please resolve the issue in the below post.
Selenium Framework Page Object Model and Page Navigation
I am not able to resolve the null pointer exception issue when a page returns an object of other page. Can anyone please tell what is the exact way of doing it. As explained in the above link, it's not clear how the error is resolved.
I will try illustrating PageFactory example using 3 different classes types.
Base Class- Has configuration setting like driver declaration
POM Class- Contains the POM objects for a single page
Test Class-Class containing test steps
BaseClass Example
public class BaseClass {
public WebDriver driver=null;
public BaseClass() throws MalformedURLException {
driver=new firefoxDriver();
driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
driver.get(baseURL);
}
POM Class example
//Class1
public class WebshopHomePage {
WebDriver driver;
public WebshopHomePage(WebDriver driver){
this.driver=driver;
}
#FindBy(how=How.LINK_TEXT,using="Log in")//Identifying page elements
WebElement loginLink;
public void clickLoginLink(){
loginLink.click();
}
}
//Class2
public class SignInSignUpPage {
WebDriver driver;
public SignInSignUpPage(WebDriver driver){
this.driver=driver;
}
#FindBy(how=How.ID,using="Email")
WebElement emailID;
}
TestClass Example
public class WebShopSignInTest extends BaseClass {
#Test
public void testSteps() {
System.out.println("I'm in teststeps!!");
WebshopHomePage wshpObj=PageFactory.initElements(driver,WebshopHomePage.class);//Assigning POM class1 objects to driver
wshpObj.clickLoginLink();
SignInSignUpPage signInSignUpPageObj=PageFactory.initElements(driver, SignInSignUpPage.class);//Assigning POM class2 objects to driver
signInSignUpPageObj.enterCredsSubmit(userID, passw0rd);
}
package org.pom;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.FindBy;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;
public class GoogleHomePageObjects
{
public GoogleHomePageObjects(WebDriver driver)
{
PageFactory.initElements(driver, this);
}
#FindBy(name="q")
public WebElement txtSearch;
#FindBy(name="btnG")
public WebElement btnSearch;
#FindBy(linkText="Selenium - Web Browser Automation")
public WebElement lnkSelenium;
public void searchGoogle(String SearchText)
{
txtSearch.sendKeys(SearchText);
btnSearch.click();
}
public SeleniumPageObjects clickSelenium()
{
lnkSelenium.click();
return new SeleniumPageObjects(driver); //Here is the issue and i am getting error
}
}
//test class 2
package org.pom;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.FindBy;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;
public class SeleniumPageObjects{
public SeleniumPageObjects(WebDriver driver)
{
PageFactory.initElements(driver, this);
}
#FindBy(linkText="Download")
public WebElement lnkDownload;
#FindBy(xpath=".//*[#id='header']/h1/a")
public WebElement lnkHome;
public void clickDownloads()
{
lnkDownload.click();//Here it throws null pointer excception
}
public void clickHome()
{
lnkHome.click();
}
}
Below is my main class:
package org.pom;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
public class GoogleSearchTest
{
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException
{
System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver","D:\\Desktop\\Selenium\\Jars\\geckodriver-v0.11.1-win64\\geckodriver.exe");
WebDriver driver=new FirefoxDriver();
driver.get("http://www.google.com");
GoogleHomePageObjects page=new GoogleHomePageObjects(driver);
page.searchGoogle("Selenium");
Thread.sleep(4000);
SeleniumPageObjects selPage=page.clickSelenium();
Thread.sleep(4000);
selPage.clickDownloads();
Thread.sleep(4000);
selPage.clickHome();
}
}
In the below example, We have created a Login class , Home class, and a Test class ...
It is not necessary to create one class for one page may be you can group the functionality or modules based on your convenience...
Summary:-
Created Login Class with all the required objects...and the loginas method should return the homepage class.....
public class LoginPage {
private final WebDriver driver;
public LoginPage(WebDriver driver) {
this.driver = driver;
// Check that we're on the right page.
if (!"Login".equals(driver.getTitle())) {
// Alternatively, we could navigate to the login page, perhaps logging out first
throw new IllegalStateException("This is not the login page");
}
}
// The login page contains several HTML elements that will be represented as WebElements.
// The locators for these elements should only be defined once.
By usernameLocator = By.id("username");
By passwordLocator = By.id("passwd");
By loginButtonLocator = By.id("login");
public LoginPage typeUsername(String username) {
driver.findElement(usernameLocator).sendKeys(username);
// Return the current page object as this action doesn't navigate to a page represented by another PageObject
return this;
}
public LoginPage typePassword(String password) {
driver.findElement(passwordLocator).sendKeys(password);
// Return the current page object as this action doesn't navigate to a page represented by another PageObject
return this;
}
public HomePage submitLogin() {
// This is the only place that submits the login form and expects the destination to be the home page.
// A seperate method should be created for the instance of clicking login whilst expecting a login failure.
driver.findElement(loginButtonLocator).submit();
// Return a new page object representing the destination. Should the login page ever
// go somewhere else (for example, a legal disclaimer) then changing the method signature
// for this method will mean that all tests that rely on this behaviour won't compile.
return new HomePage(driver);
}
// Conceptually, the login page offers the user the service of being able to "log into"
// the application using a user name and password.
public HomePage loginAs(String username, String password) {
// The PageObject methods that enter username, password & submit login have already defined and should not be repeated here.
typeUsername(username);
typePassword(password);
return submitLogin();
}
}
2. Created Homepage class , I have added only a sample verification method here , may be you can add methods as per your application needs...
class HomePage {
private final WebDriver driver;
public HomePage(WebDriver driver) {
this.driver = driver;
// Check that we're on the right page.
if (!"HOME".equals(driver.getTitle())) {
// Alternatively, we could navigate to the login page, perhaps
// logging out first
throw new IllegalStateException("This is not the home page");
}
}
// below method is just a sample method
public HomePage verifyRecords() {
/// your homepage validation
return null;
}
}
Now we are going to see how to put the above class together and make it work as per your requirement...
class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
LoginPage login = new LoginPage(new FirefoxDriver());
// login and verify records in home page
login.loginAs("myname", "pass##").verifyRecords();
}
}
In this line login.loginAs("", "").verifyRecords(); we are calling a method from login class and the method that is being called would return HomePage class....
You can create any no of pom classes and return it like the above......Like create some thing like dashboard and return it from homepage class
How returning page works :-
login.loginAs("myname", "pass##").verifyRecords();
In the above code once this login.loginAs("myname", "pass##") snippet executes , it will complete the login action and returns this method submitLogin(); which in turns returns new HomePage......
Here once execution of login.loginAs("myname", "pass##") is done it will become new Homepageobject..... Javacompiler is smart enough to manipulate that and provides the Homepageobject's methods once you put a dot after login.loginAs("myname", "pass##").
I started encountering problems when I use static objects reference for WebDriver and run the tests in parallel.
public static WebDriver driver;
Hence I decided to use non-static object reference for the WebDriver.
private WebDriver driver;
Now when I use POM with Page Factory, my understanding is that everytime I create a Test I will have to be creating a new Object in the test class as shown below.
/* Constructor in the Page Object class */
private WebDriver driver;
public LoginPage(WebDriver driver) {
this.driver = driver;
PageFactory.initElements(driver, this);
}
2 testcases as shown below in the same class.
private LoginPage loginPage;
#Test
public void testCase1() {
loginPage = new LoginPage(getDriver());
loginPage.sendkeys("sometext");
}
#Test
public void testCase2() {
loginPage = new LoginPage(getDriver());
loginPage.sendkeys("sometext");
}
My question here is a
Am I right in creating page object for every test cases?
Is there any way I can optimize this? Because One doubt I got is that non-static object reference may be getting overridden and causing problems in one of the methods if I run them in parallel.
Sorry if my query is naive. Any help would be appreciated.
You do not need to initialize it again. Also, initialize the pages in #BeforeTest rather than in test cases.
Here i would like to give you example of Page object model. Hope you can relate this.
My Main test:
#Before
public void SelectBrowser(){
driver = WebUtils.SelectBrowser(driver,"Chrome");
}
#Test
public void LoginToGmail() throws InterruptedException{
//WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
//MAximize the Screen
driver.manage().window().maximize();
//Go to Gmail Login Page
SignInPage SignInPage = new SignInPage();
WebUtils.GoToSignInPageForPropertyFile(driver, "URL");
//Click on Next
SignInPage.ClickToLogin(driver, By.cssSelector("input[id='next']"));
Now Supporting class:
GoToSignInPageForPropertyFile method will be in WebUtils
Whatever i write in Webutils will be used by each page object class.
For e.g.
public class WebUtils {
public static pageobject.SignInPage GoToSignInPageForPropertyFile(WebDriver driver, String URL) {
ReadFileData File = new ReadFileData();
Properties Values = File.ReadFile();
driver.get(Values.getProperty("URL"));
return PageFactory.initElements(driver, pageobject.SignInPage.class);
}
}
Now the method ClickToLogin is defined under SignInPage class as:
public class SignInPage {
public EmailViewPage ClickToLogin(WebDriver driver, By by) {
WebUtils.Click(driver, by);
return PageFactory.initElements(driver, EmailViewPage.class);
}
}
Which will further be in Webutils
public class WebUtils {
public static void Click(WebDriver driver, By by) {
WebElement Element = driver.findElement(by);
Element.click();
}
}
I want easy way to launch Selenium webdriver instance and run various tests on it. I'm trying to do this in Suite file, but it doesn't work. Instance is killed instantly. Is there any alternatives on how to do this?
Potentially I want to add more drivers (IE, Chrome) in this suite and if possible launch separately. Any suggestions welcome.
namespace NUnit.Tests
{
public class AllTests
{
private static IWebDriver _Driver;
[TestFixtureSetUp]
public void SuiteSetUp()
{
_Driver = new FirefoxDriver();
}
[TestFixtureTearDown]
public void SuiteTearDown()
{
try
{
_Driver.Quit();
}
catch (Exception)
{
// Ignore errors if unable to close the browser
}
}
[Suite]
public static TestSuite Suite
{
get
{
LoginTest lt = new LoginTest { Driver=_Driver };
suite.Add(lt);
AnotherTest at = new AnotherTest { Driver=_Driver };
suite.Add(at);
return suite;
}
}
}
}
I did this in Java, I made a base class, declared the webdriver as static, put my startup/config methods in this class and then extended it in to each test class i made.
Im sure its the same for C#.
Trying to run this with base class / extended classes failed. As webdriver instance didn't get initialized properly and couldn't be killed properly. Instead I created SetupIE(), SetupChrome(), SetupFirefox() methods in Suite and also created teardown method that would work as last test for suite.
Here is the code:
namespace TestNamespace
{
using System;
using NUnit.Framework;
using NUnit.Core;
using SeleniumTests;
using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.IE;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI;
class AllTests
{
public static IWebDriver WebDriver { get; private set; }
[Suite]
public static TestSuite Suite
{
get
{
TestSuite suite = new TestSuite("All Tests");
//Setup a Web driver (see methods below for different browsers) - SetupIE(), SetupChrome(), SetupFirefox()
SetupIE();
// Add tests to suite
suite.Add(new FlashLoadedTest { Driver = WebDriver });
// Tear down a Web driver
suite.Add(new TearDownTest { DriverToTearDown = WebDriver });
// return suite to NUnit
return suite;
}
}
// Method that's initialises FireFox Driver
private static void SetupFireFox()
{
WebDriver = new FirefoxDriver();
}
// Method that's initialises IE Driver
private static void SetupIE()
{
WebDriver = new InternetExplorerDriver();
}
// Can't get this working, but this is how its supposed to work
private static void SetupChrome()
{
WebDriver = new ChromeDriver(#"C:\Users\<user>\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\Application");
}
// Class with a test that tears down browser instance
[TestFixture]
class TearDownTest
{
public IWebDriver DriverToTearDown;
[Test]
public void TearDownBrowser()
{
if (DriverToTearDown == null)
Assert.Fail("No Browser to Tear Down");
try
{
DriverToTearDown.Close();
DriverToTearDown.Dispose();
}
catch
{
Assert.Fail("Browser failed to tear down");
}
}
}
}
}
I appreciate this is a little late but may prove useful for future readers.
I created a base class containing a firefox driver with the following and it works perfectly for me. You can then simply reference the base class (Driver in this instance) from your derived test class. Worth noting I'm using C# and Nunit.
Code for base class is:
namespace yournamespace
{
public class Driver
{
public IWebDriver driver;
public StringBuilder verificationErrors;
public Driver()
{
driver = new FirefoxDriver(); //replace with required driver
verificationErrors = new StringBuilder();
}
}
}
Then simply called the 'Driver' class from my test class:
[TestFixture]
public class IMSLogin : Driver
{
//.. all the usual bits and bobs!