NV12 to YUV444 speed up - numpy

Question

I have a code that converts image from nv12 to yuv444
for h in range(self.img_shape[0]):
# centralize yuv 444 data for inference framework
for w in range(self.img_shape[1]):
yuv444_res[h][w][0] = (nv12_y_data[h * self.img_shape[1] +w]).astype(np.int8)
yuv444_res[h][w][1] = (nv12_u_data[int(h / 2) * int(self.img_shape[1] / 2) +int(w / 2)]).astype(np.int8)
yuv444_res[h][w][2] = (nv12_v_data[int(h / 2) * int(self.img_shape[1] / 2) +int(w / 2)]).astype(np.int8)
Since for loop is very slow in python, much slower than numpy. I was wondering if this conversion can be done in NumPy calculation.
Update on 06/15/2021:
I was able to get this piece of code with fancy indexing from this page External Link:
yuv444 = np.empty([self.height, self.width, 3], dtype=np.uint8)
yuv444[:, :, 0] = nv12_data[:self.width * self.height].reshape(
self.height, self.width)
u = nv12_data[self.width * self.height::2].reshape(
self.height // 2, self.width // 2)
yuv444[:, :, 1] = Image.fromarray(u).resize((self.width, self.height))
v = nv12_data[self.width * self.height + 1::2].reshape(
self.height // 2, self.width // 2)
yuv444[:, :, 2] = Image.fromarray(v).resize((self.width, self.height))
data[0] = yuv444.astype(np.int8)
If the PIL is used to replace the deprecated imresize, then the code match the old code 100%
Update on 06/19/2021:
After a closer look at the answer Rotem given, I realize that his way is quicker.
#nv12_data is reshaped to one dimension
y = nv12_data[:self.width * self.height].reshape(
self.height, self.width)
shrunk_u = nv12_data[self.width * self.height::2].reshape(
self.height // 2, self.width // 2)
shrunk_v = nv12_data[self.width * self.height + 1::2].reshape(
self.height // 2, self.width // 2)
u = cv2.resize(shrunk_u, (self.width, self.height),
interpolation=cv2.INTER_NEAREST)
v = cv2.resize(shrunk_v, (self.width, self.height),
interpolation=cv2.INTER_NEAREST)
yuv444 = np.dstack((y, u, v))
Also, I did a time comparison for processing 1000 pics. Turns out the cv reshape is quicker and guarantees the same result.
cv time: 4.417593002319336, pil time: 5.395732164382935
Update on 06/25/2021:
Pillow resize has different default resample param values in different versions.
5.1.0:
def resize(self, size, resample=NEAREST, box=None):
8.1.0:
def resize(self, size, resample=BICUBIC, box=None, reducing_gap=None):
It would be a good idea to specify the resample strategy used.

Answer 1

You may use the process described in my following post, in reverse order (without the RGB part).
Illustration:
Start by creating a synthetic sample image in NV12 format, using FFmpeg (command line tool).
The sample image is used for testing.
Executing from Python using subprocess module:
import subprocess as sp
import shlex
sp.run(shlex.split('ffmpeg -y -f lavfi -i testsrc=size=192x108:rate=1:duration=1 -vcodec rawvideo -pix_fmt nv12 nv12.yuv'))
sp.run(shlex.split('ffmpeg -y -f rawvideo -video_size 192x162 -pixel_format gray -i nv12.yuv -pix_fmt gray nv12_gray.png'))
Read the sample image, and executing the code from your post (used as reference):
import numpy as np
import cv2
nv12 = cv2.imread('nv12_gray.png', cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)
cols, rows = nv12.shape[1], nv12.shape[0]*2//3
# Reference implementation - using for-loops (the solution is in the part below):
################################################################################
nv12_y_data = nv12[0:rows, :].flatten()
nv12_u_data = nv12[rows:, 0::2].flatten()
nv12_v_data = nv12[rows:, 1::2].flatten()
yuv444_res = np.zeros((rows, cols, 3), np.uint8)
for h in range(rows):
# centralize yuv 444 data for inference framework
for w in range(cols):
yuv444_res[h][w][0] = (nv12_y_data[h * cols + w]).astype(np.int8)
yuv444_res[h][w][1] = (nv12_u_data[int(h / 2) * int(cols / 2) + int(w / 2)]).astype(np.int8)
yuv444_res[h][w][2] = (nv12_v_data[int(h / 2) * int(cols / 2) + int(w / 2)]).astype(np.int8)
################################################################################
My suggested solution applies the following stages:
Separate U and V into two "half size" matrices shrunk_u and shrunk_v.
Resize shrunk_u and shrunk_v to full image size matrices using cv2.resize.
In my code sample I used nearest neighbor interpolation for getting the same result as your result.
It is recommended to replace it with linear interpolation for better quality.
Use np.dstack for merging Y, U and V into YUV (3 color channels) image.
Here is the complete code sample:
import numpy as np
import subprocess as sp
import shlex
import cv2
sp.run(shlex.split('ffmpeg -y -f lavfi -i testsrc=size=192x108:rate=1:duration=1 -vcodec rawvideo -pix_fmt nv12 nv12.yuv'))
sp.run(shlex.split('ffmpeg -y -f rawvideo -video_size 192x162 -pixel_format gray -i nv12.yuv -pix_fmt gray nv12_gray.png'))
#sp.run(shlex.split('ffmpeg -y -f rawvideo -video_size 192x108 -pixel_format nv12 -i nv12.yuv -vcodec rawvideo -pix_fmt yuv444p yuv444.yuv'))
#sp.run(shlex.split('ffmpeg -y -f rawvideo -video_size 192x324 -pixel_format gray -i yuv444.yuv -pix_fmt gray yuv444_gray.png'))
#sp.run(shlex.split('ffmpeg -y -f rawvideo -video_size 192x108 -pixel_format yuv444p -i yuv444.yuv -pix_fmt rgb24 rgb.png'))
#sp.run(shlex.split('ffmpeg -y -f rawvideo -video_size 192x108 -pixel_format gbrp -i yuv444.yuv -filter_complex "extractplanes=g+b+r[g][b][r],[r][g][b]mergeplanes=0x001020:gbrp[v]" -map "[v]" -vcodec rawvideo -pix_fmt rgb24 yuvyuv.yuv'))
#sp.run(shlex.split('ffmpeg -y -f rawvideo -video#_size 576x108 -pixel_format gray -i yuvyuv.yuv -pix_fmt gray yuvyuv_gray.png'))
nv12 = cv2.imread('nv12_gray.png', cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)
cols, rows = nv12.shape[1], nv12.shape[0]*2//3
nv12_y_data = nv12[0:rows, :].flatten()
nv12_u_data = nv12[rows:, 0::2].flatten()
nv12_v_data = nv12[rows:, 1::2].flatten()
yuv444_res = np.zeros((rows, cols, 3), np.uint8)
for h in range(rows):
# centralize yuv 444 data for inference framework
for w in range(cols):
yuv444_res[h][w][0] = (nv12_y_data[h * cols + w]).astype(np.int8)
yuv444_res[h][w][1] = (nv12_u_data[int(h / 2) * int(cols / 2) + int(w / 2)]).astype(np.int8)
yuv444_res[h][w][2] = (nv12_v_data[int(h / 2) * int(cols / 2) + int(w / 2)]).astype(np.int8)
y = nv12[0:rows, :]
shrunk_u = nv12[rows:, 0::2].copy()
shrunk_v = nv12[rows:, 1::2].copy()
u = cv2.resize(shrunk_u, (cols, rows), interpolation=cv2.INTER_NEAREST) # Resize U channel (use NEAREST interpolation - fastest, but lowest quality).
v = cv2.resize(shrunk_v, (cols, rows), interpolation=cv2.INTER_NEAREST) # Resize V channel
yuv444 = np.dstack((y, u, v))
is_eqaul = np.all(yuv444 == yuv444_res)
print('is_eqaul = ' + str(is_eqaul)) # is_eqaul = True
# Convert to RGB for display
yvu = np.dstack((y, v, u)) # Use COLOR_YCrCb2BGR, because it's uses the corrected conversion coefficients.
rgb = cv2.cvtColor(yvu, cv2.COLOR_YCrCb2BGR)
# Show results:
cv2.imshow('nv12', nv12)
cv2.imshow('yuv444_res', yuv444_res)
cv2.imshow('yuv444', yuv444)
cv2.imshow('rgb', rgb)
cv2.waitKey()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
Input (NV12 displayed as Grayscale):
Output (after converting to RGB):

Answer 2

Seems to be a prime case for fancy indexing (advanced indexing).
Something like this should do the trick, though I didn't verify it on an actual image. I've added a section to reconstruct the image in the beginning, because it is easier to work with the array as a whole than broken into parts. Likely, you can refactor this and avoid splitting it to begin with.
# reconstruct image array
y = nv12_y_data.reshape(self.image_shape[0], self.image_shape[1])
u = nv12_u_data.reshape(self.image_shape[0], self.image_shape[1])
v = nv12_v_data.reshape(self.image_shape[0], self.image_shape[1])
img = np.stack((y,u,v), axis=-1)
# take every index twice until half the range
idx_h = np.repeat(np.arange(img.shape[0] // 2), 2)[:, None]
idx_w = np.repeat(np.arange(img.shape[1] // 2), 2)[None, :]
# convert
yuv444 = np.empty_like(img, dtype=np.uint8)
yuv444[..., 0] = img[..., 0]
yuv444[..., 1] = img[idx_h, idx_w, 1]
yuv444[..., 2] = img[idx_h, idx_w, 2]
If this is along your critical path, and you want to tease out a little more performance, you could consider processing the image channel first, which will be faster on modern CPUs (but not GPUs).

Answer 3

This answer is just another way to do it, and is not the quickest way to get the job done, but definitely should be easy to understand. I have checked the generated files with yuvplayer application as well to confirm it works.
#height mentioned is height of nv12 file and so is the case with width
def convert_nv12toyuv444(filename= 'input.nv12',height=2358,width=2040):
nv12_data = np.fromfile(filename, dtype=np.uint8)
imageSize = (height, width)
npimg = nv12_data.reshape(imageSize)
y_height = npimg.shape[0] * (2/3)
y_wid = npimg.shape[1]
y_height = int(y_height)
y_wid = int(y_wid)
y_data= npimg[:y_height,:y_wid]
uv_data=npimg[y_height:,:y_wid]
shrunkU= uv_data[:, 0 : :2]
shrunkV= uv_data[:, 1 : :2]
u = cv2.resize(shrunkU, (y_wid, y_height),
interpolation=cv2.INTER_NEAREST)
v = cv2.resize(shrunkV, (y_wid, y_height),
interpolation=cv2.INTER_NEAREST)
yuv444 = np.dstack((y_data, u, v))