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This is code to create the beginnings of a book library database with Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio.
CREATE DATABASE BOOK_LIBRARY
CREATE TABLE LIBRARY_USER
(
usr_id int not null primary key,
f_name varchar(30) not null,
m_init char(1),
l_name varchar(30) not null,
balance decimal(6,2),
join_date date,
addrss_1 varchar(30) not null,
addrss_2 varchar(30),
city varchar(30) not null,
addrss_state char(2) not null,
zip_code varchar(10) not null,
email varchar(30)
);
CREATE TABLE LIBRARY_TRANSACTIONS
(
transaction_id int not null primary key,
maximum_borrow_duration int not null,
strt_date date not null,
actual_return_date date not null,
borrow_usr_id int not null,
foreign key (borrow_usr_id) references LIBRARY_USER(usr_id)
);
CREATE TABLE BOOKS
(
isbn varchar(17) not null primary key,
title varchar(30) not null,
number_of_copies int not null,
Author varchar(30) not null,
Number_of_pages int not null,
publish_year int not null,
book_type varchar(20)
);
CREATE TABLE DIGITAL_BOOKS
(
digital_id int not null primary key,
format varchar(30) not null,
size_mb int not null,
digital_isbn varchar(17) not null,
foreign key(digital_isbn) references BOOKS(isbn)
);
CREATE TABLE PHYSICAL_BOOKS
(
physical_id int not null primary key,
condition varchar(20) not null,
physical_isbn varchar(17) not null,
foreign key(physical_isbn) references BOOKS(isbn)
);
CREATE TABLE BOOK_COPY
(
digi_id int not null,
phys_id int not null,
primary key(digi_id, phys_id),
foreign key(digi_id) references DIGITAL_BOOKS(digital_id),
foreign key(phys_id) references PHYSICAL_BOOKS(physical_id)
);
CREATE TABLE CONTNS
(
trans_id int not null primary key,
digi_id int not null,
phys_id int not null,
foreign key(digi_id) references BOOK_COPY(digi_id),
foreign key(phys_id) references BOOK_COPY(phys_id)
);
Despite me being able to look and see that digi_id and phys_id are in fact primary keys of the book_copy table, I keep getting this error:
Msg 1776, Level 16, State 0, Line 66
There are no primary or candidate keys in the referenced table 'BOOK_COPY' that match the referencing column list in the foreign key 'FK__CONTNS__digi_id__37A5467C'.
Msg 1750, Level 16, State 1, Line 66
Could not create constraint or index. See previous errors.
Am I missing something obvious? I'm just starting out with using this program, so any help is greatly appreciated.
Here:
CREATE TABLE CONTNS
(
trans_id int not null primary key,
digi_id int not null,
phys_id int not null,
foreign key(digi_id) references BOOK_COPY(digi_id),
foreign key(phys_id) references BOOK_COPY(phys_id)
);
You are creating two foreign keys to parent table BOOK_COPY. But that table has a compound primary key (ie a multi-column primary key)
CREATE TABLE BOOK_COPY
(
digi_id int not null,
phys_id int not null,
primary key(digi_id, phys_id), --> here
...
)
As a consequence, you need a compound foreign key:
CREATE TABLE CONTNS
(
trans_id int not null primary key,
digi_id int not null,
phys_id int not null,
foreign key(digi_id, phys_id) references BOOK_COPY(digi_id, phys_id)
);
I have seen many posts regarding the seemingly infamous ORA-00904 yet nothing seems to be helping. I am creating 2 tables (for now, more to come later) which are as follows;
CREATE TABLE Employee(
EmployeeID int NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY(EmployeeID),
customerID INT NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT employee_customer_fk FOREIGN KEY (customerID) REFERENCES Customer(CustomerID),
LastName CHAR(20) NOT NULL,
MiddleInitial CHAR(1),
FirstName CHAR(20) NOT NULL,
Region CHAR(20) NOT NULL,
DateOfHire VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
Skill VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL
);
and
CREATE TABLE Customer(
CustomerID INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
ProjectID INT NOT NULL,
FOREIGN KEY(ProjectID) REFERENCES Project(ProjectID), /*This is yet another table with a foreign key which needs to be sorted*/
CustomerName Char(255) NOT NULL,
PhoneNumber INT NOT NULL,
Region CHAR(255) NOT NULL
);
but every time I run it, I get error;
Error starting at line : 4 in command -
CREATE TABLE Employee(
EmployeeID int NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY(EmployeeID),
customerID INT NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT employee_customer_fk FOREIGN KEY(customerID) REFERENCES Customer(CustomerID),
LastName CHAR(20) NOT NULL,
MiddleInitial CHAR(1),
FirstName CHAR(20) NOT NULL,
Region CHAR(20) NOT NULL,
DateOfHire VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
Skill VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL
)
Error report -
ORA-00904: "CUSTOMERID": invalid identifier
00904. 00000 - "%s: invalid identifier"
*Cause:
*Action:
ANY HELP WOULD BE GREATLY APPRECIATED!
Oracle by default converts all names to UpperCase if you don't enquote them. (Edit: At the time of this answer the Foreign Key Constraint in the starting post did contain a quoted column name).
So, your constraint tries to find a column named "customerID" whereas the real name of your column is "CUSTOMERID".
Either enquote your column:
CREATE TABLE Employee(
EmployeeID int NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY(EmployeeID),
"customerID" INT NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT employee_customer_fk FOREIGN KEY ("customerID") REFERENCES customer(CustomerID),
LastName CHAR(20) NOT NULL,
MiddleInitial CHAR(1),
FirstName CHAR(20) NOT NULL,
Region CHAR(20) NOT NULL,
DateOfHire VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
Skill VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL
)
Don't use quotes on your FOREIGN KEY constraint:
CREATE TABLE Employee(
EmployeeID int NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY(EmployeeID),
customerID INT NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT employee_customer_fk FOREIGN KEY (customerID) REFERENCES customer(CustomerID),
LastName CHAR(20) NOT NULL,
MiddleInitial CHAR(1),
FirstName CHAR(20) NOT NULL,
Region CHAR(20) NOT NULL,
DateOfHire VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
Skill VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL
)
Or use quotes and write it uppercase in your foreign key constraint:
CREATE TABLE Employee(
EmployeeID int NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY(EmployeeID),
customerID INT NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT employee_customer_fk FOREIGN KEY ("CUSTOMERID") REFERENCES customer(CustomerID),
LastName CHAR(20) NOT NULL,
MiddleInitial CHAR(1),
FirstName CHAR(20) NOT NULL,
Region CHAR(20) NOT NULL,
DateOfHire VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
Skill VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL
)
As already mentioned, keeping the style consistent is recommended to prevent future problems, so Option 2 would be the easiest solution. Otherwise you need to enquote all columns to be consistent.
/Edit:
I just tried it - this definitely works with Oracle 12C:
CREATE TABLE Customer (
CustomerID INT,
PRIMARY KEY (CustomerID)
)
Followed by:
CREATE TABLE Employee(
EmployeeID int NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY(EmployeeID),
customerID INT NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT employee_customer_fk FOREIGN KEY(customerID) REFERENCES Customer(CustomerID),
LastName CHAR(20) NOT NULL,
MiddleInitial CHAR(1),
FirstName CHAR(20) NOT NULL,
Region CHAR(20) NOT NULL,
DateOfHire VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
Skill VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL
)
The referenced table needs to created before the foreign key reference. One method is to create the tables first and then add the foreign key references:
CREATE TABLE Employee (
EmployeeID int NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (EmployeeID),
customerID INT NOT NULL,
LastName CHAR(20) NOT NULL,
MiddleInitial CHAR(1),
FirstName CHAR(20) NOT NULL,
Region CHAR(20) NOT NULL,
DateOfHire VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
Skill VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL
);
CREATE TABLE Customer (
CustomerID INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
ProjectID INT NOT NULL,
-- FOREIGN KEY(ProjectID) REFERENCES Project(ProjectID), /*This is yet another table with a foreign key which needs to be sorted*/
CustomerName Char(255) NOT NULL,
PhoneNumber INT NOT NULL,
Region CHAR(255) NOT NULL
);
alter table Employee add CONSTRAINT employee_customer_fk FOREIGN KEY (customerID) REFERENCES Customer (CustomerID)
Here is a db<>fiddle.
Note that I commented out the foreign key constraint to Project.
Also, in most data models you can just order the table creates -- there are no cycles in the foreign key "linkages". However, because you have not defined Project, I am suggesting this more general approach.
Source code for oracle 12c
CREATE TABLE CUSTOMER (
CustomerID Char(20) NOT NULL,
CustomerFirstName Char(20) NOT NULL,
CustomerLastName Char(25) NOT NULL,
CustomerAddress Char(45) NOT NULL,
CustomerEmail Char(100) NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT Customer_PK Primary Key(CustomerID)
CREATE TABLE EMPLOYEE (
EmployeeID VarChar(10) NOT NULL,
EmployeeFName VarChar(20) NOT NULL,
EmployeeRole VarChar(30) NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT
Employee_PK Primary Key(EmployeeID)
CREATE TABLE PRODUCT (
ProductID VarChar(10) NOT NULL,
ProductName VarChar(20) NOT NULL,
ProductType VarChar(20) NOT NULL,
ProductPrice Number(8,2) NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT Product_PK Primary Key(ProductID)
CREATE TABLE CUSTORDER (
CustOrderID VarChar(10) NOT NULL,
CustOrderDate Date NOT NULL,
CustShippingStatus VarChar(20) NOT NULL,
SupplierID VarChar(20) NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT CustOrder_PK Primary Key (CustOrderID),
CONSTRAINT CustOrder_FK FOREIGN KEY(SupplierID)
REFERENCES SUPPLIER(SupplierID)
CREATE TABLE SUPPLIER ( SupplierID Char(10) NOT NULL,
SupplierName Char(20) NOT NULL,
SupplierAddress Char(45) NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT Supplier_PK Primary Key (SupplierID)
CREATE TABLE INVOICE (
InvoiceID Char(20) NOT NULL,
TotalItems Int NOT NULL,
TotalCost Number(8,2) NOT NULL,
SalesDate Date NOT NULL,
PaymentType VarChar(10) NOT NULL,
ProductID VarChar(10) NOT NULL,
EmployeeID VarChar(10) NOT NULL,
CustomerID Char(20) NOT NULL,
SupplierID Char(10) NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT Invoice_PK Primary Key(InvoiceID),
CONSTRAINT Invoice_Product_FK Foreign Key(ProductID)
REFERENCES PRODUCT(ProductID),
CONSTRAINT Invoice_Employee_FK Foreign Key(EmployeeID)
REFERENCES EMPLOYEE(EmployeeID),
CONSTRAINT Invoice_Customer_FK Foreign Key(CustomerID)
REFERENCES CUSTOMER(CustomerID),
CONSTRAINT Invoice_Supplier_FK Foreign Key(SupplierID)
REFERENCES SUPPLIER(SupplierID)
You need to align the datatype and length of the referencing column of each foreign key with the column it references in the source table.
In your code, SUPPLIER(SupplierID) is declared as Char(20). On the other hand, referencing column INVOICE(SupplierID) is Char(10) and CUSTORDER(SupplierID) is VarChar(20). If you make these two columns Char(20), you code just works.
Aside: the referenced table must exist at the time when the referencing table is created - your code createst CUSTORDER before SUPPLIER. However I assume that's a typo when writing the question, otherwise you would be getting a different error: ORA-00942: table or view does not exist.
You also have a missing right parentheses at the end of each and every create table statement: I would consider these typos too.
Demo on DB Fiddle
So I tried looking up other questions and tried them, but I was not able to figure out why my SQL was not working. It keeps saying that DepartmentID table does not exist and I have it declared as my primary key under Department.
CREATE TABLE EMPLOYEE(
SSN INT NOT NULL,
WorkID INT NOT NULL,
BirthDate DATE NOT NULL,
Name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
UNIQUE(WorkID),
PRIMARY KEY(SSN),
FOREIGN KEY(DepartmentID) REFERENCES DEPARTMENT(DepartmentID),
FOREIGN KEY(DeviceID) REFERENCES DEVICE(DeviceID)
);
CREATE TABLE DEPARTMENT(
DepartmentID INT NOT NULL,
DepartmentName VARCHAR (20) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY(DepartmentID),
UNIQUE(DepartmentName)
);
CREATE TABLE PRODUCT(
ProductID INT NOT NULL,
Name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
Isle VARCHAR(5) NOT NULL,
Company VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY(ProductID),
FOREIGN KEY(DepartmentID) REFERENCES DEPARTMENT(DepartmentID)
);
CREATE TABLE DEVICE(
DeviceID INT NOT NULL,
DateReceived DATE NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY(DeviceID)
);
CREATE TABLE SALES(
SalesID INT NOT NULL,
Profit INT NOT NULL,
Revenue INT NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY(SalesID)
);
CREATE TABLE AmountSold(
FOREIGN KEY (SalesID) REFERENCES SALES(SalesID),
FOREIGN KEY (ProductID) REFERENCES PRODUCT(ProductID)
);
The problem was that you were making foreign key but the column DepartmentID
doesn't exist on that table in which you were referencing and the second was
that your order wasn't correct.
CREATE TABLE DEPARTMENT(
DepartmentID INT NOT NULL,
DepartmentName VARCHAR (20) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY(DepartmentID),
UNIQUE(DepartmentName)
);
CREATE TABLE DEVICE(
DeviceID INT NOT NULL,
DateReceived DATE NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY(DeviceID)
);
CREATE TABLE EMPLOYEE(
SSN INT NOT NULL,
WorkID INT NOT NULL,
BirthDate DATE NOT NULL,
DepartmentID INT NOT NULL,
DeviceID INT NOT NULL,
Name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
UNIQUE(WorkID),
PRIMARY KEY(SSN),
FOREIGN KEY(DepartmentID) REFERENCES DEPARTMENT(DepartmentID),
FOREIGN KEY(DeviceID) REFERENCES DEVICE(DeviceID)
);
CREATE TABLE PRODUCT(
ProductID INT NOT NULL,
Name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
DepartmentID INT NOT NULL,
Isle VARCHAR(5) NOT NULL,
Company VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY(ProductID),
FOREIGN KEY(DepartmentID) REFERENCES DEPARTMENT(DepartmentID)
);
CREATE TABLE SALES(
SalesID INT NOT NULL,
Profit INT NOT NULL,
Revenue INT NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY(SalesID)
);
CREATE TABLE AmountSold(
FOREIGN KEY (SalesID) REFERENCES SALES(SalesID),
FOREIGN KEY (ProductID) REFERENCES PRODUCT(ProductID)
);
The problem here you didn't declared the DepartmentId column in Employee table. Also execute the parent table first followed by the ones referring
CREATE TABLE DEPARTMENT(
DepartmentID INT NOT NULL,
DepartmentName VARCHAR (20) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY(DepartmentID)
);
CREATE TABLE DEVICE(
DeviceID INT NOT NULL,
DateReceived DATE NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY(DeviceID)
);
CREATE TABLE EMPLOYEE(
SSN INT NOT NULL,
WorkID INT NOT NULL,
BirthDate DATE NOT NULL,
Name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
DepartmentID INT,
DeviceID INT ,
UNIQUE(WorkID),
PRIMARY KEY(SSN),
FOREIGN KEY(DepartmentID) REFERENCES DEPARTMENT(DepartmentID),
FOREIGN KEY(DeviceID) REFERENCES DEVICE(DeviceID)
);
CREATE TABLE PRODUCT(
ProductID INT NOT NULL,
Name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
Isle VARCHAR(5) NOT NULL,
Company VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
DepartmentID INT,
PRIMARY KEY(ProductID),
FOREIGN KEY(DepartmentID) REFERENCES DEPARTMENT(DepartmentID)
);
CREATE TABLE SALES(
SalesID INT NOT NULL,
Profit INT NOT NULL,
Revenue INT NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY(SalesID)
);
CREATE TABLE AmountSold(
SalesId INT NOT NULL,
ProductId INT NOT NULL,
FOREIGN KEY (SalesID) REFERENCES SALES(SalesID),
FOREIGN KEY (ProductID) REFERENCES PRODUCT(ProductID)
);
I am having these two errors :
ERROR: there is no unique constraint matching given keys for referenced table "flight"
*** Error ***
ERROR: there is no unique constraint matching given keys for referenced table "flight"
This is my code :
CREATE TABLE Staff (
EmployeeNumber int NOT NULL,
FirstName char(15) NOT NULL,
LastName char(15) NOT NULL,
SocialSecurity int NOT NULL,
Sex char(1) NOT NULL,
Address char(20) NOT NULL,
City char(20) NOT NULL,
Province char(15) NOT NULL,
Country char(20) NOT NULL,
Primary Key (EmployeeNumber)
);
CREATE TABLE FlightAttendent (
FALN int,
StaffRole char (20) NOT NULL,
EmployeeNumber int NOT NULL,
Foreign Key (EmployeeNumber) References Staff(EmployeeNumber),
Primary Key (FALN)
);
Create TABLE AircraftType (
ACType char (10),
Instrument char(1) NOT NULL,
Engines int NOT NULL,
CrewCount int NOT NULL,
PassengerCount int NOT NULL,
Primary Key (ACType)
);
CREATE TABLE Pilot (
PILN int,
MedicalValid date NOT NULL,
StaffRole char (20) NOT NULL,
EmployeeNumber int NOT NULL,
AircraftType char (10) NOT NULL,
Foreign Key (EmployeeNumber) references Staff(EmployeeNumber),
Foreign Key (AircraftType) References AircraftType(ACType),
Primary Key (PILN)
);
Create TABLE Aircraft (
AircraftID char(6) NOT NULL,
AircraftManufacturer char(10) NOT NULL,
AircraftType char(10) NOT NULL,
Foreign Key (AircraftType) References AircraftType(ACType),
Primary Key (AircraftID)
);
CREATE Table Airport (
AirportCode char(4) NOT NULL,
AirportName char(40) NOT NULL,
City char(20) NOT NULL,
Country char(20) NOT NULL,
Continent char(20) NOT NULL,
Primary Key (AirportCode)
);
Create TABLE Flight (
FlightID char (20),
FlightDate date,
AircraftID char(6) NOT NULL,
ArrivalAirport char(4) NOT NULL,
DepartureAirport char(4) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (FlightID, FlightDate),
FOREIGN Key (ArrivalAirport) references Airport(AirportCode),
FOREIGN Key (DepartureAirport) references Airport(AirportCode),
FOREIGN KEY (AircraftID) references Aircraft(AircraftID)
);
Create TABLE FlightCrew (
FlightID char (20) REFERENCES Flight(FlightID) ON DELETE CASCADE,
FlightDate date REFERENCES Flight(FlightDate) ON DELETE CASCADE,
EmployeeNumber int NOT NULL,
StaffRole char(20) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY(FlightID, FlightDate),
Foreign Key (EmployeeNumber) references Staff(EmployeeNumber)
);
CREATE Table Passenger (
PassengerNumber int,
PassportNumber int NOT NULL,
Citizenship char (20) NOT NULL,
FirstName char (20) NOT NULL,
LastName char (20) NOT NULL,
Primary Key (PassengerNumber)
);
CREATE Table PassengerManifest (
FlightID char(20),
FlightDate date,
PassengerNumber int NOT NULL,
Foreign Key (FlightDate) References Flight(FlightDate),
Foreign Key (PassengerNumber) References Passenger(PassengerNumber),
Primary Key (FlightID, FlightDate)
);
What did I do wrong? Thanks!
When you have multiple values in a primary key, you need to reference it differently as a foreign key.
Basically, when you say
FlightID char (20) REFERENCES Flight(FlightID) ON DELETE CASCADE,
PostgreSQL checks for that primary key, which doesn't exist (since the primary key on that table is (flightid, flightdate)).
So drop the REFERENCES clauses when referencing the flight table, and add
FOREIGN KEY (FlightID, FlightDate) REFERENCES Flight (FlightID, FlightDate)
In the manner you have in some of the other table definitions.