Truffle contract deployment failed, invalid sender - solidity

Question

I'm trying to deploy a contract to the ropsten testnet using truffle, but I get the following error:
Deploying 'Migrations'
----------------------
Error: *** Deployment Failed ***
"Migrations" -- invalid sender.
at /home/usr/.npm/lib/node_modules/truffle/build/webpack:/packages/deployer/src/deployment.js:365:1
at process._tickCallback (internal/process/next_tick.js:68:7)
Truffle v5.2.5 (core: 5.2.5)
Node v10.19.0
When deploying to ganache locally, it works fine. Also I'm pretty sure my truffle-config.js is correct, it's the same as all the online tutorials, but since I'm here, I guess I'm not completely sure :). The address that hd-wallet is using is also correct (verified with the console.log statement in truffle-config.js) and it has 5 ETH balance, so more than enough. I have 2 migration scripts, it gives exactly the same error with each script.
truffle-config.js:
require("dotenv").config();
const HDWalletProvider = require("#truffle/hdwallet-provider");
module.exports = {
networks: {
ropsten: {
provider: () => {
var provider = new HDWalletProvider({
mnemonic: process.env.MNEMONIC,
providerOrUrl: `https://ropsten.infura.io/v3/${process.env.INFURA_KEY}`,
derivationPath: "m/44'/60'/0'/0/",
addressIndex: 0,
});
console.log(provider.getAddress());
return provider;
},
network_id: 3,
gas: 5500000,
confirmations: 2,
timeoutBlocks: 200,
skipDryRun: true,
},
development: {
host: "127.0.0.1",
port: 7545,
network_id: "*",
},
},
compilers: {
solc: {
version: "0.6.0",
optimizer: {
enabled: true,
runs: 200,
},
},
},
};
1_initial_migration.js:
const Migrations = artifacts.require("Migrations");
module.exports = function (deployer) {
deployer.deploy(Migrations);
};
2_deploy.js:
const Token = artifacts.require("Token");
module.exports = (deployer) => {
deployer.deploy(Token);
};
Token.sol:
//SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.6.0 <0.8.0;
import "#openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol";
contract Token is ERC20 {
address minter;
// minterChanged event
event minterChanged(address indexed from, address to);
constructor() public payable ERC20("Decentralized Bank Currency", "DCB") {
minter = msg.sender;
}
function transferMinterRole(address bank) public returns(bool) {
require(msg.sender == minter);
minter = bank;
emit minterChanged(msg.sender, minter);
return true;
}
function mint(address account, uint256 amount) public {
require(msg.sender == minter);
_mint(account, amount);
}
}
Escrow.sol:
//SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.6.0 <0.8.0 ;
contract Escrow {
address agent;
mapping(address => uint256) public deposits;
modifier onlyAgent() {
require(msg.sender == agent);
_; // return void
}
constructor() public {
// solidity heeft globale var msg
agent = msg.sender;
}
function deposit(address payee) payable public onlyAgent {
uint256 amount = msg.value;
deposits[payee] = deposits[payee] + amount;
}
function withdras(address payable payee) public onlyAgent {
uint256 payment = deposits[payee];
deposits[payee] = 0;
payee.transfer(payment);
}
}

Answer 1

Try a different version #truffle/hdwallet-provider
Works for me with 1.2.3
npm uninstall #truffle/hdwallet-provider
npm install #truffle/hdwallet-provider#1.2.3
With the latest version (1.2.4) there was the same error (invalid sender).

Answer 2

According to my observation, this issue only occurs when you try to deploy any contract on ropsten testnet. If you're deploying with a local node like running with ganache-cli, it functions well even with the latest version (>1.2.3)
The reason here is they change the constructor method to add a chainId parameter to specified which chain you're signing with your transaction.
Solution: Update your code of initializing the HDWalletProvider.
ropsten: {
provider: () =>
new HDWalletProvider({
mnemonic,
providerOrUrl:
'wss://ropsten.infura.io/ws/v3/.....',
chainId: 3,
}),
network_id: 3, // Ropsten's id
gas: 5500000, // Ropsten has a lower block limit than mainnet
confirmations: 0, // # of confs to wait between deployments. (default: 0)
timeoutBlocks: 200, // # of blocks before a deployment times out (minimum/default: 50)
skipDryRun: true, // Skip dry run before migrations? (default: false for public nets )
},
This works fine with me on ropsten

Answer 3

Check this out:
https://github.com/trufflesuite/truffle/issues/3935
Seems that truffle may not be properly eip 155 compliant. A PR was merged to help but I don't think this issue is yet resolved from the HDWallet end.
https://github.com/trufflesuite/truffle/issues/3913
https://github.com/trufflesuite/truffle/pull/3923

Answer 4

I am using #truffle/hdwallet-provider 1.3.0 and still got the same error.
Got it fixed by changing the initialization of HDWalletProvider.
ropsten: {
provider: function () {
return new HDWalletProvider(
{
privateKeys: ["YourPrivateKey"],
providerOrUrl: "https://ropsten.infura.io/v3/InfuraKey",
chainId: 3,
}
)
},
network_id: '3',
}
(Replace YourPrivateKey and InfuraKey with your private key and infura api key)

Answer 5

As an alternative solution, inside truffle-config.js use:
const HDWalletProvider = require('truffle-hdwallet-provider');
instead of
const HDWalletProvider = require('#truffle/hdwallet-provider');
It's just another way of downgrading the #truffle/hdwallet-provider while your package.json can still have:
"dependencies": {
"#truffle/hdwallet-provider": "^1.3.1"
}