So I have this function:
create or replace function get_authorization(
p_pnr in bankcustomer.pnr%type,
p_knr in account.cnr%type)
return number
as
v_authorization bankcustomer.pnr%type;
begin
select count(*)
into v_authorization
from bankcustomer,account
where pnr = p_pnr
and cnr = p_cnr;
return v_authorization;
exception
when no_data_found then
return -1;
end;
This returns 1 or 0 if allowed. I need to do a procedure which adds a row in a table called withdraw and that procedure needs to call get_authorization to check if the customer is allowed. This is what i have so far:
create or replace procedure do_withdraw(
p_pnr in withdraw.pnr%type,
p_belopp in withdraw.belopp%type)
as
declare
authorization exception;
begin
insert into uttag(pnr,amount)
values((select pnr from account),p_amount); /*pnr is foreign key in withdraw*/
if user not in (select get_amount(p_pnr) from dual) then
raise authorization;
end if;
exception
when authorization then
raise_application_error(-20007,'Unauthorized!');
commit;
end;
I get alot of error messages and specifically on declare. I really cant wrap my head around this :(
You have few problems with your code -
create or replace procedure do_withdraw(
p_pnr in withdraw.pnr%type,
p_belopp in withdraw.belopp%type)
as
-- declare -- Declare keyword is not used in procedure
authorization exception;
begin
insert into uttag(pnr,amount)
values((select pnr from account), -- This might return multiple rows, So you have to add a where clause in this query.
p_amount); /*pnr is foreign key in withdraw*/
if user <> get_authorization(p_pnr) then -- You are checking current user with amount which should be corrected.
raise authorization;
end if;
commit; -- Commit should be last sattement of procedure
exception
when authorization then
raise_application_error(-20007,'Unauthorized!');
Rollback; -- In exception you should use Rollabck instead of Commit;
end;
So ive tried what you said and think i know what you mean:
create or replace procedure do_withdraw(
p_pnr in withdraw.pnr%type,
p_amount in withdraw.amount%type)
as
-- declare -- Declare keyword is not used in procedure
authorization exception;
begin
insert into withdraw(pnr,amount)
values((select pnr from account where pnr = p_pnr), -- This might return multiple rows, So you have to add a where clause in this query.
p_amount); /*pnr is foreign key in withdraw*/
if user not in (select get_authorization(p_pnr)) then -- You are checking current user with amount which should be corrected.
raise authorization;
end if;
commit; -- Commit should be last sattement of procedure
exception
when authorization then
raise_application_error(-20007,'Unauthorized!');
Rollback; -- In exception you should use Rollabck instead of Commit;
end;
Now i get error: Line/Col: 11/51 PLS-00103: Encountered the symbol ")" when expecting one of the following:. ( , * % & - + /
Related
HI I am trying to prevent inserting the same DATE for the same user. Trigger generates an error stating that it is not mutable. Is there any way to fix it?
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER fake_trig
BEFORE INSERT ON newtable
FOR EACH ROW
DECLARE
testtr1 NUMBER;
testtr1 Date;
testtr1 EXCEPTION;
BEGIN
SELECT
CHECKTB1,
CHECKTTB2
INTO
testtr1,
testtr1
FROM newtable
WHERE :NEW.checktb1 = CHECKTB1;
IF :new.checkttb2 = testtr1 THEN
RAISE testtr1;
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN testtr1 THEN
Raise_application_error(-20300,'not working');
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
NULL;
END;
A trigger is inappropriate for this task. This is something that should be enforced using a UNIQUE constraint:
ALTER TABLE newtable
ADD CONSTRAINT newtable__checktb1_checkttb2__u UNIQUE (checktb1, checkttb2);
If you did want to use a trigger (don't, this should be handled by a constraint) then all you need to do is fix the variables so they are not all named identically:
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER fake_trig
BEFORE INSERT ON newtable
FOR EACH ROW
DECLARE
testtr1 NUMBER;
testtr2 Date;
testtr3 EXCEPTION;
BEGIN
SELECT CHECKTB1,
CHECKTTB2
INTO testtr1,
testtr2
FROM newtable
WHERE :NEW.checktb1 = CHECKTB1;
IF :new.checkttb2 = testtr2 THEN
RAISE testtr3;
END IF;
EXCEPTION
WHEN testtr3 THEN
Raise_application_error(-20300,'not working');
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
NULL;
END;
/
Note: you should give variables meaningful names so that you can tell what they each represent.
db<>fiddle here
Oracle 11.1
I have custom logging table where I insert data:
CREATE TABLE log_table
(
message VARCHAR2(255),
created_by VARCHAR2(40) NOT NULL,
created_at DATE NOT NULL,
);
I have a trigger that runs on a specific table which does some checkings. My problem is: when the trigger fails, I want to be able to log some data into the log_table.
Trigger:
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER my_trigger
FOR INSERT OR UPDATE OF column
ON my_table
COMPOUND TRIGGER
BEFORE STATEMENT IS
BEGIN
// code
END BEFORE STATEMENT;
BEFORE EACH ROW IS
BEGIN
IF (/*condition for failing*/) THEN
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'INSERT INTO mesaj_ama VALUES (:my_message, :my_user, :my_data)'
USING 'custom error message', SYS.LOGIN_USER, SYSDATE;
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'some error');
END IF;
END BEFORE EACH ROW;
END my_trigger;
/
The following code doesn't work. I tried to use EXECUTE IMMEDIATE maybe to force it, but didn't work. I know that in case of an error, there is automatically a table rollback (which means that the INSERT command is cancelled), but I need a way to do this. Any help?
The concept you're looking for is an Autonomous Trasnaction, eg
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER log_sal
BEFORE UPDATE OF salary ON emp FOR EACH ROW
DECLARE
PRAGMA AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION;
BEGIN
INSERT INTO log (
log_id,
up_date,
new_sal,
old_sal
)
VALUES (
:old.employee_id,
SYSDATE,
:new.salary,
:old.salary
);
COMMIT;
END;
Yes, PRAGMA AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION seems to be the answer. Here is the working code:
Defined a procedure for logging:
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE log_error(p_error log_table.message % TYPE) AS
PRAGMA AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION;
BEGIN
INSERT INTO log_table
VALUES (p_error, SYS.LOGIN_USER, SYSDATE);
COMMIT;
END;
and the trigger which calls the procedure:
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER my_trigger
FOR INSERT OR UPDATE OF column
ON my_table
COMPOUND TRIGGER
BEFORE STATEMENT IS
BEGIN
// code
END BEFORE STATEMENT;
BEFORE EACH ROW IS
BEGIN
IF (/*condition for failing*/) THEN
log_error('custom error message');
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001, 'custom error message');
END IF;
END BEFORE EACH ROW;
END my_trigger;
/
I have little problem. I am trying to insert value into table. This is working. But I would like to control if value id_trainer is existing in another table. I want this -> execute insertClub(1, 5, 'someName'); -> and if id_trainer 5 not exists in table Trainer, procedure gives me message about this. (I tried to translate it into eng. lng., so you can find some gramm. mistakes)
create or replace procedure insertClub
(id_club in number, id_trainer in number, clubName in varchar2)
is
begin
declare counter number;
select count(*) into counter from trianer tr where tr.id_trainer = id_trainer;
if counter = 0 then
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Trainer with this ID not exists');
end if;
insert into club values(id_club, id_trainer, clubName);
exception
when dup_val_on_index then
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Dup ID');
end;
/
There is some error in the procedure. Please run below code to create procedure:
create or replace procedure insertClub
(id_club in number, id_trainer in number, clubName in varchar2)
is
counter number;
begin
select count(*) into counter from trianer tr where tr.id_trainer = id_trainer;
if counter = 0 then
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Trainer with this ID not exists');
end if;
insert into club values(id_club, id_trainer, clubName);
exception
when dup_val_on_index then
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Dup ID');
end;
/
So the problem i am having is that if i execute the following procedure and the cursor doesnt find the parameter being passed, it continues to execute the block (insert statement) but instead of throwing the NO_DATA_FOUND exception error it throws a parent/foreign key error.
CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE ASSIGNMENT3 IS
PROCEDURE END_CAMPAIGN(CTITLE IN CAMPAIGN.CAMPAIGNTITLE%TYPE);
END ASSIGNMENT3;
/
CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE BODY ASSIGNMENT3 AS
PROCEDURE END_CAMPAIGN(CTITLE IN CAMPAIGN.CAMPAIGNTITLE%TYPE) IS
CURSOR ADCOST_CUR IS
SELECT ACTUALCOST
FROM ADVERTISEMENT
WHERE ADVERTISEMENT.CAMPAIGNTITLE = CTITLE;
V_TOTALCOST NUMBER;
BEGIN
V_TOTALCOST := 0;
FOR INVOICE_REC IN ADCOST_CUR
LOOP
V_TOTALCOST := V_TOTALCOST + INVOICE_REC.ACTUALCOST;
END LOOP;
INSERT INTO INVOICE(INVOICENO, CAMPAIGNTITLE, DATEISSUED, DATEPAID, BALANCEOWING, STATUS)
VALUES (AUTOINCREMENTINVOICE.nextval, CTITLE, SYSDATE, NULL,V_TOTALCOST,NULL);
EXCEPTION WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('ERROR:The campaign title you entered returned no record(s), please enter a valid campaign title.');
COMMIT;
END END_CAMPAIGN;
END ASSIGNMENT3;
/
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
EXECUTE ASSIGNMENT3.END_CAMPAIGN('Panasonic 3D TV');
While the parent foreign key error is correct, i dont want the block to execeute if the cursor doesnt return a row. Why is this happening?
Also, in terms of placing the COMMIT, where exactly do i tell it to COMMIT? Before the exception or after?
This is for a uni assignment.
When you loop over a cursor like that, if the cursor finds no matching rows, the loop simply doesn't execute at all. A NO_DATA_FOUND exception would only be raised if you had a SELECT ... INTO ... statement inside the BEGIN/END block that did not return any rows.
Where you have the COMMIT placed now, it is part of the EXCEPTION block -- but your indentation implies that you want it to execute whether the exception occurred or not. In this case, I would just put the COMMIT immediately after the INSERT, since it only matters if the INSERT is successful.
"So is there no way to have the NODATAFOUND exception trigger when
using a cursor, if the CTITLE parameter isnt found in the table"
What you could do is test the value of V_TOTAL_COST. If it is zero raise an exception, like this:
PROCEDURE END_CAMPAIGN(CTITLE IN CAMPAIGN.CAMPAIGNTITLE%TYPE) IS
CURSOR ADCOST_CUR IS
SELECT ACTUALCOST
FROM ADVERTISEMENT
WHERE ADVERTISEMENT.CAMPAIGNTITLE = CTITLE;
V_TOTALCOST NUMBER;
BEGIN
V_TOTALCOST := 0;
FOR INVOICE_REC IN ADCOST_CUR
LOOP
V_TOTALCOST := V_TOTALCOST + INVOICE_REC.ACTUALCOST;
END LOOP;
if v_total_cost = 0 then
raise no_data_found;
end if;
INSERT INTO INVOICE(INVOICENO, CAMPAIGNTITLE, DATEISSUED, DATEPAID, BALANCEOWING, STATUS)
VALUES (AUTOINCREMENTINVOICE.nextval, CTITLE, SYSDATE, NULL,V_TOTALCOST,NULL);
COMMIT;
EXCEPTION WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('ERROR:The campaign title you entered returned no record(s), please enter a valid campaign title.');
END END_CAMPAIGN;
This assumes you have a business rule that ACTUAL_COST cannot be zero.
Alternatively, there is the clunkier workaround of incrementing a counter in the loop and testing whether it is zero after the loop.
As for where to place the commit I would say the answer is not inside the procedure. The client (sqlplus in this case) should determine if the transaction will commit or rollback as the call to end the campaign may be just a part of a wider process. Also assuming that a campaign can exist without any advertisements then I would have an explicit check that the campaign title is valid perhaps against the table of CAMPAIGN? as suggested below:
CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE ASSIGNMENT3 IS
PROCEDURE END_CAMPAIGN(CTITLE IN CAMPAIGN.CAMPAIGNTITLE%TYPE);
END ASSIGNMENT3;
/
CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE BODY ASSIGNMENT3 AS
PROCEDURE END_CAMPAIGN(CTITLE IN CAMPAIGN.CAMPAIGNTITLE%TYPE) IS
V_VALID_CAMPAIGN INTEGER;
V_TOTALCOST NUMBER;
BEGIN
-- Check this campaign title is valid
/* Will get you NO_DATA_FOUND here if CTITLE is invalid so wrap in
another BEGIN END block to throw own custom error that the client
of this procedure can handle (if it wants) */
BEGIN
SELECT 1
INTO V_VALID_CAMPAIGN
FROM CAMPAIGN
WHERE CAMPAIGNTITLE = CTITLE;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20000,'The campaign title you entered returned no record(s), please enter a valid campaign title.');
END;
-- Now tot up the cost of ads in this campaign and raise the invoice
SELECT SUM(ACTUALCOST)
INTO V_TOTALCOST
FROM ADVERTISEMENT
WHERE ADVERTISEMENT.CAMPAIGNTITLE = CTITLE;
INSERT INTO INVOICE(INVOICENO, CAMPAIGNTITLE, DATEISSUED, DATEPAID, BALANCEOWING, STATUS)
VALUES (AUTOINCREMENTINVOICE.nextval, CTITLE, SYSDATE, NULL,V_TOTALCOST,NULL);
END END_CAMPAIGN;
END ASSIGNMENT3;
/
EXECUTE ASSIGNMENT3.END_CAMPAIGN('Panasonic 3D TV');
COMMIT;
the problem is this :
I implemented a trigger on the table called CLAN_AFFILIATI that increases (if inseriemento) and decreases (in case of cancellation) an attribute (NUMAFFILIATI) of another table called CLAN. what I would do is block the update NUMAFFILIATI of Clan by the user and had thought to r another trigge on CLAN that did this:
trigger on CLAN_AFFILIATI(CLAN VARCHAR,AFFILIATO VARCHAR,RUOLO VARCHAR)
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER "AggiornamentoNumAffiliati"
AFTER INSERT OR DELETE ON CLAN_AFFILIATI
FOR EACH ROW
DECLARE
CLAN_APPARTENENZA VARCHAR(20);
BEGIN
IF INSERTING THEN
SELECT NOME INTO CLAN_APPARTENENZA
FROM CLAN
WHERE NOME=:new.CLAN;
UPDATE CLAN
SET NUMAFFILIATI=NUMAFFILIATI+1
WHERE CLAN_APPARTENENZA=NOME;
ELSE
SELECT NOME INTO CLAN_APPARTENENZA
FROM CLAN
WHERE NOME=:old.CLAN;
UPDATE CLAN
SET NUMAFFILIATI=NUMAFFILIATI-1
WHERE CLAN_APPARTENENZA=NOME;
END IF;
END;
trigger on CLAN (NAME VARCHAR ,NUMAFFILIATI INTEGER)
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER "ModificaNumAffiliati"
BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE OF NUMAFFILIATI ON CLAN
FOR EACH ROW
DECLARE
CONT NUMBER:=0;
BEGIN
IF INSERTING THEN
IF :new.NUMAFFILIATI <> 0 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20016,'NUMERO ERRATO');
END IF;
ELSE
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO CONT
FROM CLAN_AFFILIATI
WHERE :old.NOME=CLAN;
IF CONT <> :new.NUMAFFILIATI THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20017,'NUMERO ERRATO');
END IF;
END IF;
END;
but so I'm doing is reporting an error:
error ORA-04091: Table ANTONIO.CLAN_AFFILIATI is being modified, the trigger / function can not read
ORA-06512: at "ANTONIO.ModificaNumAffiliati", line 10
ORA-04088: error during execution of trigger 'ANTONIO.ModificaNumAffiliati'
ORA-06512: at "ANTONIO.AggiornamentoNumAffiliati", line 12
ORA-04088: error during execution of trigger 'ANTONIO.AggiornamentoNumAffiliati
how can I solve this problem ....
This is propably solution:
I tested it with this sample tables:
CREATE TABLE CLAN_AFFILIATI(CLAN VARCHAR2(100),AFFILIATO VARCHAR2(100),RUOLO VARCHAR2(100));
CREATE TABLE CLAN (NOME VARCHAR2(100) ,NUMAFFILIATI NUMBER(10));
You need this helper package.
CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE STORE_NOMES
AS
TYPE record_nomes IS RECORD (
nome VARCHAR2(100),
operation VARCHAR2(100) -- insert or delete
);
TYPE array_type_nomes IS TABLE OF record_nomes INDEX BY BINARY_INTEGER;
g_array_nomes array_type_nomes;
END STORE_NOMES;
/
Trigger on CLAN table:
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER MODIFICANUMAFFILIATI
BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE OF NUMAFFILIATI ON CLAN
FOR EACH ROW
DECLARE
l_CONT NUMBER:=0;
BEGIN
IF INSERTING THEN
-- prevent inserting <> 0
IF :new.NUMAFFILIATI <> 0 THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20016,'NUMERO ERRATO');
END IF;
ELSE
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO l_CONT
FROM CLAN_AFFILIATI
WHERE CLAN = :old.NOME;
IF l_CONT <> :new.NUMAFFILIATI THEN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20017,'NUMERO ERRATO');
END IF;
END IF;
END;
/
Before statement trigger on CLAN_AFFILIATI table:
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER TRG_CLAN_AFFILIATI_BEFORE_STMT
BEFORE INSERT OR DELETE
ON CLAN_AFFILIATI
DECLARE
BEGIN
STORE_NOMES.g_array_nomes.DELETE;
END;
/
After statement trigger on CLAN_AFFILIATI table:
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER TRG_CLAN_AFFILIATI_AFTER_STMT
AFTER INSERT OR DELETE
ON CLAN_AFFILIATI
DECLARE
BEGIN
FOR i IN STORE_NOMES.g_array_nomes.FIRST..STORE_NOMES.g_array_nomes.LAST LOOP
IF(STORE_NOMES.g_array_nomes(i).operation = 'INSERTING') THEN
UPDATE CLAN
SET NUMAFFILIATI=NUMAFFILIATI+1
WHERE NOME = STORE_NOMES.g_array_nomes(i).NOME;
ELSIF(STORE_NOMES.g_array_nomes(i).operation = 'DELETING') THEN
UPDATE CLAN
SET NUMAFFILIATI=NUMAFFILIATI-1
WHERE NOME = STORE_NOMES.g_array_nomes(i).NOME;
END IF;
END LOOP;
END;
/
Row Insert/Delete trigger on CLAN_AFFILIATI table:
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER AGGIORNAMENTONUMAFFILIATI
BEFORE INSERT OR DELETE ON CLAN_AFFILIATI
FOR EACH ROW
DECLARE
l_CLAN_APPARTENENZA VARCHAR(20);
BEGIN
IF INSERTING THEN
SELECT NOME INTO l_CLAN_APPARTENENZA
FROM CLAN
WHERE NOME = :new.CLAN;
STORE_NOMES.g_array_nomes(STORE_NOMES.g_array_nomes.COUNT).nome := :new.CLAN;
STORE_NOMES.g_array_nomes(STORE_NOMES.g_array_nomes.LAST).operation := 'INSERTING';
ELSE
SELECT NOME INTO l_CLAN_APPARTENENZA
FROM CLAN
WHERE NOME = :old.CLAN;
STORE_NOMES.g_array_nomes(STORE_NOMES.g_array_nomes.COUNT).nome := :old.CLAN;
STORE_NOMES.g_array_nomes(STORE_NOMES.g_array_nomes.LAST).operation := 'DELETING';
END IF;
END;
/
Now working this (without ORACLE-EXCEPTION):
INSERT INTO CLAN(NOME, NUMAFFILIATI) VALUES('Antonio', 0);
INSERT INTO CLAN_AFFILIATI(CLAN,AFFILIATO,RUOLO) values('Antonio','Affiliato1','Ruolo1');
INSERT INTO CLAN_AFFILIATI(CLAN,AFFILIATO,RUOLO) values('Antonio','Affiliato2','Ruolo2');
Change the first trigger "AggiornamentoNumAffiliati" so that it doesn't immediately try to update clan, but stores the name (NOME) in a PL/SQL-Table within a Package; then, you make an AFTER INSERT OR DELETE (but without the FOR EACH ROW clause) trigger that reads the PL/SQL table from the package and updates the CLANs accordingly.
I don't have my developer tools with me, but it looks to me as though your getting yourself into a cyclic dependency issue of sorts. When your CLAN_AFFILIATI trigger is raised, in it you do an update of CLAN which calls the second trigger, which has a select from the CLAN_AFFILIATI table in the ELSE block.
Maybe the before insert (first query), and after insert(second query) have an affect also.
ORA-04091 is also known as a "mutating table" error - basically, row triggers cannot query or alter the table on which the trigger operates.
#Martin's answer is the classic description of how to work around this issue, but it you're on Oracle 11+ you can use a compound trigger to do the same thing.
Share and enjoy.