I want to create a Custom field like below based on below two fields (Hour and Time). Does anyone know how to do this is SQL?
You do not need the Hour column for this result. The Time values are enough.
Sample data
create table data
(
TimeValue time(0)
);
insert into data (TimeValue) values
('12:00:00 AM'),
('12:15:00 AM'),
('12:30:00 AM'),
('12:45:00 AM'),
( '1:00:00 AM'),
( '1:15:00 AM'),
( '1:30:00 AM'),
( '1:45:00 AM'),
( '2:00:00 AM'),
( '2:15:00 AM'),
( '2:30:00 AM'),
( '2:45:00 AM'),
( '3:00:00 AM'),
( '3:15:00 AM'),
( '3:30:00 AM'),
( '3:45:00 AM'),
( '4:00:00 AM'),
( '4:15:00 AM'),
( '4:30:00 AM');
Solution
select 'Hour ' + convert(nvarchar(2), datepart(hour, d.TimeValue)) as [Hour],
convert(nvarchar(11), d.TimeValue, 22) as [Time],
'Hour ' +
convert(nvarchar(2), case
when datepart(hour, d.TimeValue)-1 < 0 then 0
else datepart(hour, d.TimeValue)-1
end) + '-' +
convert(nvarchar(2), datepart(hour, d.TimeValue)) as [Custom]
from data d;
Result
Hour Time Custom
------ ----------- --------
Hour 0 12:00:00 AM Hour 0-0
Hour 0 12:15:00 AM Hour 0-0
Hour 0 12:30:00 AM Hour 0-0
Hour 0 12:45:00 AM Hour 0-0
Hour 1 1:00:00 AM Hour 0-1
Hour 1 1:15:00 AM Hour 0-1
Hour 1 1:30:00 AM Hour 0-1
Hour 1 1:45:00 AM Hour 0-1
Hour 2 2:00:00 AM Hour 1-2
Hour 2 2:15:00 AM Hour 1-2
Hour 2 2:30:00 AM Hour 1-2
Hour 2 2:45:00 AM Hour 1-2
Hour 3 3:00:00 AM Hour 2-3
Hour 3 3:15:00 AM Hour 2-3
Hour 3 3:30:00 AM Hour 2-3
Hour 3 3:45:00 AM Hour 2-3
Hour 4 4:00:00 AM Hour 3-4
Hour 4 4:15:00 AM Hour 3-4
Hour 4 4:30:00 AM Hour 3-4
Fiddle to see things in action.
I want to create a Custom field like below based on below two fields (Hour and Time).
Assuming that you want the column generated from the hour column and the "hour" from the time column, then you can use a generated column:
alter table t add custom as
(concat(hour, '-', datepart(hour, time));
This is now part of the table. If you just want the value in a result set, you can put the expression in a result set.
Note: This doesn't return the results you have specified. You haven't explained the logic for those results.
Related
I want to achieve this:
Output
12:00:00 - 12:15:00
12:15:00 - 12:30:00
12:30:00 - 12:45:00
12:45:00 - 1:00:00 .......,
count(orders)
from table
I have a timestamp in the data table available (2022-07-05 19:45:00 UTC), I want to achieve #orders with every 15 minutes interval for a day.
Using RANGE_BUCKET function, you can create timestamp buckets for each 15 minutes. Consider below sample query:
https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/mathematical_functions#range_bucket
CREATE TEMP TABLE sample_table AS
SELECT * FROM UNNEST(GENERATE_TIMESTAMP_ARRAY('2022-07-05 00:00:00', '2022-07-05 10:00:00', INTERVAL 3 MINUTE)) `order`
;
SELECT TIMESTAMP_SECONDS(intervals[SAFE_OFFSET(RANGE_BUCKET(UNIX_SECONDS(`order`), intervals) - 1)]) ts,
COUNT(`order`) AS orders,
FROM `sample_table`,
UNNEST ([STRUCT(GENERATE_ARRAY(UNIX_SECONDS('2022-07-05'), UNIX_SECONDS('2022-07-06'), 60 * 15) AS intervals)])
GROUP BY 1
ORDER BY 1
I have a table with energy usage data in fifteen minute intervals:
METER
TIMESTAMP
KWH
2500396
12/04/2022 23:15
131.01
2500396
12/04/2022 23:30
132.11
2500396
12/04/2022 23:45
125.84
2500396
13/04/2022 00:00
127.27
2500396
13/04/2022 00:15
123.86
2500396
13/04/2022 00:30
114.51
2500396
13/04/2022 00:45
117.7
2500396
13/04/2022 01:00
120.01
I need to calculate energy usage per hour, where, for example, usage during hour 23 of 12/04/2022 is the sum of the intervals from 12/04/2022 23:15 to 13/04/2022 00:00 (notice the change in date), and usage during hour 0 of 12/04/2022 is the sum of the intervals from 13/04/2022 00:15 to 13/04/2022 01:00.
I'll appreciate suggestions on how to code this concisely in Oracle SQL.
You can subtract 15 minutes from the times and then truncate to the start of the hour and then aggregate by that and the meter:
SELECT meter,
TRUNC(timestamp - INTERVAL '15' MINUTE, 'HH') AS hour,
SUM(kwh) AS total_kwh
FROM table_name
GROUP BY
meter,
TRUNC(timestamp - INTERVAL '15' MINUTE, 'HH');
Which, for the sample data:
CREATE TABLE table_name (METER, TIMESTAMP, KWH) AS
SELECT 2500396, DATE '2022-04-12' + INTERVAL '23:15' HOUR TO MINUTE, 131.01 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 2500396, DATE '2022-04-12' + INTERVAL '23:30' HOUR TO MINUTE, 132.11 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 2500396, DATE '2022-04-12' + INTERVAL '23:45' HOUR TO MINUTE, 125.84 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 2500396, DATE '2022-04-13' + INTERVAL '00:00' HOUR TO MINUTE, 127.27 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 2500396, DATE '2022-04-13' + INTERVAL '00:15' HOUR TO MINUTE, 123.86 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 2500396, DATE '2022-04-13' + INTERVAL '00:30' HOUR TO MINUTE, 114.51 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 2500396, DATE '2022-04-13' + INTERVAL '00:45' HOUR TO MINUTE, 117.70 FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 2500396, DATE '2022-04-13' + INTERVAL '01:00' HOUR TO MINUTE, 120.01 FROM DUAL;
Outputs:
METER
HOUR
TOTAL_KWH
2500396
2022-04-12 23:00:00
516.23
2500396
2022-04-13 00:00:00
476.08
db<>fiddle here
So, my aim is to be able to count time spent on certain activities in hour ranges.
My data contains: start of the certain activity and end of that activity,
for example I know that someone had break from '2019-01-09 17:04:34' to '2019-01-09 19:55:03'.
My aim is to calculate that this person spent 55 minutes on break in interval '17-18', 60 minutes on '18-19' and 55 minutes on '19-20'.
My idea was to always split the source so for the row containing start and and of the activity I would receive as many rows as my time range split in the hour ranges (for this sample data I would receive 3: rows with '2019-01-09 17:04:34' to '2019-01-09 17:59:59', '2019-01-09 18:00:00' to '2019-01-09 18:59:59' and '2019-01-09 19:00:00' to '2019-01-09 19:55:03')
If I could obtain something like that I could manage to count all things I need to. I predict that to obtain this result I should use CTE (as we don't know in how many ranges we need to split time interval), but I have no experience in it.
Hopefully I managed to explain my problem clearly. I work on oracle sql developer.
I'd be very grateful for your help on at least some tips.
Since you mentioned recursion, this uses recursive subquery factoring:
-- CTE for sample data
with your_table (id, start_time, end_time) as (
select 1, timestamp '2019-01-09 17:04:34', timestamp '2019-01-09 19:55:03' from dual
union all
select 2, timestamp '2019-01-09 23:47:01', timestamp '2019-01-10 02:05:03' from dual
union all
select 3, timestamp '2019-01-09 18:01:01', timestamp '2019-01-09 18:02:07' from dual
union all
select 4, timestamp '2019-01-09 13:00:00', timestamp '2019-01-09 14:00:01' from dual
),
-- recursive CTE
rcte (id, hour_period, minutes, period_start_time, end_time, hour_num) as (
select id,
-- first period is the original start hour
extract(hour from start_time),
-- minutes in first period, which can end at the end of that hour, or at original
-- end time if earlier
case when extract(minute from end_time) = 0
and end_time >= cast(trunc(start_time, 'HH') as timestamp) + interval '1' hour
then 60
else extract(minute from
least(cast(trunc(start_time, 'HH') as timestamp) + interval '1' hour, end_time)
- start_time
)
end,
-- calculate next period start
cast(trunc(start_time, 'HH') as timestamp) + interval '1' hour,
-- original end time
end_time,
-- first hour period (for later ordering)
1
from your_table
union all
select id,
-- this period's hour value
extract(hour from period_start_time),
-- minutes in this period - either 60 if we haven't reach the end time yet;
-- or if we have then the number of minutes from the end time
case when end_time < period_start_time + interval '1' hour
then extract(minute from end_time)
else 60
end,
-- calculate next period start
period_start_time + interval '1' hour,
-- original end time
end_time,
-- increment hour period (for later ordering)
hour_num + 1
from rcte
where period_start_time < end_time
)
select id, hour_period, minutes
from rcte
order by id, hour_num;
ID HOUR_PERIOD MINUTES
---------- ----------- ----------
1 17 55
1 18 60
1 19 55
2 23 12
2 0 60
2 1 60
2 2 5
3 18 1
4 13 60
4 14 0
It find finds the amount of time spent in the first hour of the period in the anchor member, then recursively looks at subsequent hours until the end time is reached, increasing the passed-on period end time each time; and in the recursive member it checks whether to use a fixed 60 minutes (if it knows the end time hasn't been reached) or use the actual minutes from the end time.
My example periods include ones that span midnight, cover less than an hour, and that start in the first minute of an hour - and which end in the first minute of an hour, which (in my calculation anyway) ends up with a row for that hour anyway and the number of minutes as zero. You can easily filter that out if you don't want to see it.
It is not entirely clear from your post how you want to handle non-zero seconds components (what combination of rounding and/or truncation). In any case, that can be coded easily, once a complete set of non-contradictory rules is agreed upon.
Other than that, your question consists of two parts: identify the proper hours for each id (each activity or event), and the duration of the part of that event during that hour. In the query below, using the CONNECT BY hierarchical technique, I generate the hours and the duration as an interval day to second. As I said, that can be converted to minutes (between 0 and 60) once you clarify the rounding rules.
with
your_table (id, start_time, end_time) as (
select 1, timestamp '2019-01-09 17:04:34', timestamp '2019-01-09 19:55:03'
from dual union all
select 2, timestamp '2019-01-09 23:47:01', timestamp '2019-01-10 02:05:03'
from dual union all
select 3, timestamp '2019-01-09 18:01:01', timestamp '2019-01-09 18:02:07'
from dual union all
select 4, timestamp '2019-01-09 13:00:00', timestamp '2019-01-09 14:00:01'
from dual
)
select id,
trunc(start_time, 'hh') + interval '1' hour * (level - 1) as hr,
case when level = 1 and connect_by_isleaf = 1
then end_time - start_time
when level = 1
then trunc(start_time, 'hh') + interval '1' hour - start_time
when connect_by_isleaf = 1
then end_time - trunc(end_time, 'hh')
else interval '1' hour
end as duration
from your_table
connect by trunc(start_time, 'hh') + interval '1' hour * (level - 1) < end_time
and prior id = id
and prior sys_guid() is not null
;
Output:
ID HR DURATION
---------- ------------------- -------------------
1 2019-01-09 17:00:00 +00 00:55:26.000000
1 2019-01-09 18:00:00 +00 01:00:00.000000
1 2019-01-09 19:00:00 +00 00:55:03.000000
2 2019-01-09 23:00:00 +00 00:12:59.000000
2 2019-01-10 00:00:00 +00 01:00:00.000000
2 2019-01-10 01:00:00 +00 01:00:00.000000
2 2019-01-10 02:00:00 +00 00:05:03.000000
3 2019-01-09 18:00:00 +00 00:01:06.000000
4 2019-01-09 13:00:00 +00 01:00:00.000000
4 2019-01-09 14:00:00 +00 00:00:01.000000
if i have dates/time like these
8/5/2014 12:00:01 AM
8/5/2014 12:00:16 AM
8/5/2014 12:00:18 AM
8/5/2014 12:17:18 AM
8/5/2014 12:19:18 AM
i want these date/times
if the minutes less than 15 and greater than 00 i want the time for minutes to be 00
if the minutes less than 30 and greater than 15 i want the minutes to be 15
if the minutes less than 45 and greater than 30 i want the minutes to be 30
if the minutes less than 00 and greater than 45 i want the minutes to be 45
8/5/2014 12:00:00 AM
...
...
8/5/2014 12:15:00AM
...
...
8/5/2014 12:30:00AM
...
...
8/5/2014 12:45:00AM
i need to do that for my report
how can i apply these in oracle
Here's another method, which is really a variation of Gordon Linoff's approach:
trunc(dt, 'HH24') + ((15/1440) * (floor(to_number(to_char(dt, 'MI'))/15)))
The trunc(dt, 'HH24') gives you the value truncated to hour precision, so for your sample that's always midnight. Then floor(to_number(to_char(dt, 'MI'))/15) gives you the number of complete 15-minute periods represented by the minute value; with your data that's either zero or 1. As Gordon mentioned when you add a numeric value to a date it's treated as fractions of a day, so that needs to be multiplied by '15 minutes' (15/1400).
with t as (
select to_date('8/5/2014 12:00:01 AM') as dt from dual
union all select to_date('8/5/2014 12:00:16 AM') as dt from dual
union all select to_date('8/5/2014 12:00:18 AM') as dt from dual
union all select to_date('8/5/2014 12:17:18 AM') as dt from dual
union all select to_date('8/5/2014 12:19:18 AM') as dt from dual
union all select to_date('8/5/2014 12:37:37 AM') as dt from dual
union all select to_date('8/5/2014 12:51:51 AM') as dt from dual
)
select dt, trunc(dt, 'HH24')
+ ((15/1440) * (floor(to_number(to_char(dt, 'MI'))/15))) as new_dt
from t;
DT NEW_DT
---------------------- ----------------------
08/05/2014 12:00:01 AM 08/05/2014 12:00:00 AM
08/05/2014 12:00:16 AM 08/05/2014 12:00:00 AM
08/05/2014 12:00:18 AM 08/05/2014 12:00:00 AM
08/05/2014 12:17:18 AM 08/05/2014 12:15:00 AM
08/05/2014 12:19:18 AM 08/05/2014 12:15:00 AM
08/05/2014 12:37:37 AM 08/05/2014 12:30:00 AM
08/05/2014 12:51:51 AM 08/05/2014 12:45:00 AM
To add yet another method this looks like a situation where the function NUMTODSINTERVAL() could be useful - it makes it slightly more obvious what's happening:
select trunc(dt)
+ numtodsinterval(trunc(to_char(dt, 'sssss') / 900) * 15, 'MINUTE')
from ...
TRUNC() truncates the date to the beginning of that day. The format model sssss calculates the number of seconds since midnight. The number of complete quarter-hours since midnight is the number of seconds divided by 900 (as there are 900 quarter-hours in the day). This is truncated again to remove any part-completed quarter-hours, multipled by 15 to give the number of minutes (there are 15 minutes in a quarter hour). Lastly, convert this to an INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND and add to the original date.
SQL> alter session set nls_date_format = 'dd/mm/yyyy hh24:mi:ss';
Session altered.
SQL> with t as (
2 select to_date('05/08/2014 12:00:01') as dt from dual union all
3 select to_date('05/08/2014 12:00:16') as dt from dual union all
4 select to_date('05/08/2014 12:00:18') as dt from dual union all
5 select to_date('05/08/2014 12:17:18') as dt from dual union all
6 select to_date('05/08/2014 12:19:18') as dt from dual union all
7 select to_date('05/08/2014 12:37:37') as dt from dual union all
8 select to_date('05/08/2014 12:51:51') as dt from dual
9 )
10 select trunc(dt)
11 + numtodsinterval(trunc(to_char(dt, 'sssss') / 900) * 15, 'MINUTE')
12 from t
13 ;
TRUNC(DT)+NUMTODSIN
-------------------
05/08/2014 12:00:00
05/08/2014 12:00:00
05/08/2014 12:00:00
05/08/2014 12:15:00
05/08/2014 12:15:00
05/08/2014 12:30:00
05/08/2014 12:45:00
7 rows selected.
I've explicitly set my NLS_DATE_FORMAT so I can rely on implicit conversion in TO_DATE() so that it fits on the page without scrolling. It is not recommended to use implicit conversion normally.
Here is one method. Extract the date and then add in what you want as hours and minutes:
select trunc(dt) + extract(hour from dt) / 24.0 +
(trunc(extract(minute from dt) / 15) * 15) / (24.0 * 60);
This uses the fact that + for dates adds a number of days. The three terms are the original date at midnight, the number of hours converted to days (hence the / 24) and the third is the number of minutes, suitably rounded.
Here is an example for ORACLE with actual date:
select trunc(sysdate,'HH')+trunc(to_number(to_char(sysdate,'MI'))/15)*15/24/60
from dual;
I am trying to display the times that are between 03:00PM and 12:00AM within the same day. What can I do to get the desired results? I don't think my code should display anything with AM, but it does.
select TO_CHAR(orig_time, 'HH:MI AM') from orig_table
WHERE TO_CHAR(orig_time, 'HH:MI AM') > '03:00 PM'
AND TO_CHAR(orig_time, 'HH:MI AM') < '12:00 AM'
ORDER BY TO_CHAR(orig_time, 'AM'), TO_CHAR(orig_time, 'HH:MI');
TO_CHAR(
--------
05:00 AM
05:15 AM
06:46 AM
07:00 AM
08:00 AM
08:30 AM
08:33 AM
09:00 AM
09:05 AM
10:00 AM
10:10 AM
TO_CHAR(
--------
11:25 AM
11:30 AM
11:45 AM
05:00 PM
05:45 PM
05:58 PM
08:30 PM
09:10 PM
10:25 PM
11:20 PM
Your problem is that you are converting the values to a character type, which means comparisons are done alphabetically. That way, '05:00 AM' is greater than '03:00 PM'.
Several ways to fix this. One is converting to character, but using 24h based time:
select TO_CHAR(orig_time, 'HH:MI AM') from orig_table
WHERE TO_CHAR(orig_time, 'HH24:MI') > '15:00'
ORDER BY TO_CHAR(orig_time, 'HH24:MI');
Notice that you do not need to check for before midnight doing this way.
Additionally, you want to extend it to, say, 1AM in the next day, you'd have to start using whole dates portion. Also, use the BETWEEN keyword in that case.
If you mean midnight
select numtodsinterval(orig_time-trunc(orig_time)) as time
from orig_table
WHERE numtodsinterval(orig_time-trunc(orig_time)) > interval '15' hour
/
where there's no need to check for hour < 24
If you mean midday
select numtodsinterval(orig_time-trunc(orig_time),'day') as time
from orig_table
WHERE numtodsinterval(orig_time-trunc(orig_time),'day') between interval '12' hour and interval '15' hour
/
select TO_CHAR(orig_time, 'HH:MI AM') from orig_table
WHERE TO_CHAR(orig_time, 'HH24:MI') > '15:00'
AND TO_CHAR(orig_time, 'HH24:MI:SS') <= '23:59:59'
ORDER BY TO_CHAR(orig_time, 'AM'), TO_CHAR(orig_time, 'HH:MI');