How to find the parent and child relation in sql - sql

I have the data like below and trying to get the sum of time taken by parent.
Input
ID_P ID_C SLA FL
1 2 0.2 Y
2 3 0.5 N
3 4 0.5 N
8 9 1.5 Y
9 10 0.1 N
10 0.2 N
Expected output
ID_P Sum(SLA)
1 1.2
8 1.8
Can someone please help me with the SQL.

You can use a recursive query. The idea is to start from the parent rows - which, as I understand your data, are identified with column fl. Then you can follow the links to the children. The final step is aggregation:
with cte as (
select idp_p, id_c, sla from mytable where fl = 'Y'
union all
select c.id_p, t.id_c, t.sla
from cte c
inner join mytable t on t.id_p = c.id_c
)
select id_p, sum(sla) as sum_sla from cte group by id_p

Related

Recursive query with CTE

I need some help with one query.
So, I already have CTE with the next data:
ApplicationID
CandidateId
JobId
Row
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
2
3
1
3
3
4
2
1
1
5
2
2
2
6
2
5
3
7
3
2
1
8
3
6
2
9
3
3
3
I need to find one job per candidate in a way, that this job was distinct for table.
I expect that next data from query (for each candidate select the first available jobid that's not taken by the previous candidate):
ApplicationID
CandidateId
JobId
Row
1
1
1
1
5
2
2
2
8
3
6
2
I have never worked with recursive queries in CTE, having read about them, to be honest, I don't fully understand how this can be applied in my case. I ask for help in this regard.
The following query returns the expected result.
WITH CTE AS
(
SELECT TOP 1 *,ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY ApplicationID) N,
CONVERT(varchar(max), CONCAT(',',JobId,',')) Jobs
FROM ApplicationCandidateCTE
ORDER BY ApplicationID
UNION ALL
SELECT a.*,ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY a.ApplicationID),
CONCAT(Jobs,a.JobId,',') Jobs
FROM ApplicationCandidateCTE a JOIN CTE b
ON a.ApplicationID > b.ApplicationID AND
a.CandidateId > b.CandidateId AND
CHARINDEX(CONCAT(',',a.JobId,','), b.Jobs)=0 AND
b.N = 1
)
SELECT * FROM CTE WHERE N = 1;
However, I have the following concerns:
The recursive CTE may extract too many rows.
The concatenated JobId may exceed varchar(max).
See dbfiddle.

Query to count number of rows with column value less than the current row's value

I have a table like
ID VALUE
-------------
1 0.5
2 0.3
3 1.6
4 5.5
5 0.8
6 0.8
7 0.2
I want to write a query to find out number of rows with VALUE less then the current row VALUE. For example, for row ID 5, the total number of rows should 3 (ID 1, 2, 7). So the query result might be like
ID VALUE LessThanCount
------------------------------
1 0.5 2
2 0.3 1
3 1.6 5
4 5.5 6
5 0.8 3
6 0.8 3
7 0.2 0
I am working on the latest MS SQL Server.
I think this can be calculated using window functions:
select t.*,
rank() over (order by value) - 1
from t;
rank() gives you the number of rows less than the value plus one.
Here is a db<>fiddle.
You can also use a self (left outer) join.
Select A.ID,A.VALUE ,SUM(ISNULL(B.LessThanCount,0)) as LessThanCount
FROM tbl A
LEFT JOIN (SELECT value, count(*) as LessThanCount
FROM tbl
GROUP BY value) B ON B.VALUE < A.VALUE
GROUP BY A.ID,A.VALUE
ORDER BY A.ID
ID VALUE LessThanCount
1 0.5 2
2 0.3 1
3 1.6 5
4 5.5 6
5 0.8 3
6 0.8 3
7 0.2 0
The definition of a RANK:
One plus the number of rows with a value less than the current value
The question:
find out number of rows with VALUE less then the current row VALUE.
The solution:
rank() over (order by value) -1

Create multiple rows based on 1 column

I currently have a table with a quantity in it.
ID Code Quantity
1 A 1
2 B 3
3 C 2
4 D 1
Is there anyway to write a sql statement that would get me
ID Code Quantity
1 A 1
2 B 1
2 B 1
2 B 1
3 C 1
3 C 1
4 D 1
I need to break out the quantity and have that many number of rows
Thanks
Here's one option using a numbers table to join to:
with numberstable as (
select 1 AS Number
union all
select Number + 1 from numberstable where Number<100
)
select t.id, t.code, 1
from yourtable t
join numberstable n on t.quantity >= n.number
order by t.id
Online Demo
Please note, depending on which database you are using, this may not be the correct approach to creating the numbers table. This works in most databases supporting common table expressions. But the key to the answer is the join and the on criteria.
One way would be to generate an array with X elements (where X is the quantity). So for rows
ID Code Quantity
1 A 1
2 B 3
3 C 2
you would get
ID Code Quantity ArrayVar
1 A 1 [1]
2 B 3 [1,2,3]
3 C 2 [2]
using a sequence function (e.g, in PrestoDB, sequence(start, stop) -> array(bigint))
Then, unnest the array, so for each ID, you get a X rows, and set the quantity to 1. Not sure what SQL distribution you're using, but this should work!
You can use connect by statement to cross join tables in order to get your desired output.
check my solution it works pretty robust.
select
"ID",
"Code",
1 QUANTITY
from Table1, table(cast(multiset
(select level from dual
connect by level <= Table1."Quantity") as sys.OdciNumberList));

SQL: Assembling Non-Overlapping Sets

I have sets of consecutive integers, organized by type, in table1. All values are between 1 and 10, inclusive.
table1:
row_id set_id type min_value max_value
1 1 a 1 3
2 2 a 4 10
3 3 a 6 10
4 4 a 2 5
5 5 b 1 9
6 6 c 1 7
7 7 c 3 10
8 8 d 1 2
9 9 d 3 3
10 10 d 4 5
11 11 d 7 10
In table2, within each type, I want to assemble all possible maximal, non-overlapping sets (though gaps that cannot be filled by any sets of the correct type are okay). Desired output:
table2:
row_id type group_id set_id
1 a 1 1
2 a 1 2
3 a 2 1
4 a 2 3
5 a 3 3
6 a 3 4
7 b 4 5
8 c 5 6
9 c 6 7
10 d 7 8
11 d 7 9
12 d 7 10
13 d 7 11
My current idea is to use the fact that there is a limited number of possible values. Steps:
Find all sets in table1 containing value 1. Copy them into table2.
Find all sets in table1 containing value 2 and not already in table2.
Join the sets from (2) with table1 on type, set_id, and having min_value greater than the group's greatest max_value.
For the sets from (2) that did not join in (3), insert them into table2. These start new groups that may be extended later.
Repeat steps (2) through (4) for values 3 through 10.
I think this will work, but it has a lot of pain-in-the-butt steps, especially for (2)--finding the sets not in table2, and (4)--finding the sets that did not join.
Do you know a faster, more efficient method? My real data has millions of sets, thousands of types, and hundreds of values (though fortunately, as in the example, the values are bounded), so scalability is essential.
I'm using PLSQL Developer with Oracle 10g (not 11g as I stated before--thanks, IT department). Thanks!
For Oracle 10g you can't use recursive CTEs, but with a bit of work you can do something similar with the connect by syntax. First you need to generate a CTE or in-line view which has all the non-overlapping links, which you can do with:
select t1.type, t1.set_id, t1.min_value, t1.max_value,
t2.set_id as next_set_id, t2.min_value as next_min_value,
t2.max_value as next_max_value,
row_number() over (order by t1.type, t1.set_id, t2.set_id) as group_id
from table1 t1
left join table1 t2 on t2.type = t1.type
and t2.min_value > t1.max_value
where not exists (
select 1
from table1 t4
where t4.type = t1.type
and t4.min_value > t1.max_value
and t4.max_value < t2.min_value
)
order by t1.type, group_id, t1.set_id, t2.set_id;
This took a bit of experimentation and it's certainly possible I've missed or lost something about the rules in the process; but that gives you 12 pseudo-rows, and is in my previous answer this allows the two separate chains starting with a/1 to be followed while constraining the d values to a single chain:
TYPE SET_ID MIN_VALUE MAX_VALUE NEXT_SET_ID NEXT_MIN_VALUE NEXT_MAX_VALUE GROUP_ID
---- ------ ---------- ---------- ----------- -------------- -------------- --------
a 1 1 3 2 4 10 1
a 1 1 3 3 6 10 2
a 2 4 10 3
a 3 6 10 4
a 4 2 5 3 6 10 5
b 5 1 9 6
c 6 1 7 7
c 7 3 10 8
d 8 1 2 9 3 3 9
d 9 3 3 10 4 5 10
d 10 4 5 11 7 10 11
d 11 7 10 12
And that can be used as a CTE; querying that with a connect-by loop:
with t as (
... -- same as above query
)
select t1.type,
dense_rank() over (partition by null
order by connect_by_root group_id) as group_id,
t1.set_id
from t t1
connect by type = prior type
and set_id = prior next_set_id
start with not exists (
select 1 from table1 t2
where t2.type = t1.type
and t2.max_value < t1.min_value
)
and not exists (
select 1 from t t3
where t3.type = t1.type
and t3.next_max_value < t1.next_min_value
)
order by t1.type, group_id, t1.min_value;
The dense_rank() makes the group IDs contiguous; not sure if you actually need those at all, or if their sequence matters, so it's optional really. connect_by_root gives the group ID for the start of the chain, so although there were 12 rows and 12 group_id values in the initial query, they don't all appear in the final result.
The connection is via two prior values, type and the next set ID found in the initial query. That creates all the chains, but own its own would also include shorter chains - for d you'd see 8,9,10,11 but also 9,10,11 and 10,11, which you don't want as separate groups. Those are eliminated by the start with conditions, which could maybe be simplified.
That gives:
TYPE GROUP_ID SET_ID
---- -------- ------
a 1 1
a 1 2
a 2 1
a 2 3
a 3 4
a 3 3
b 4 5
c 5 6
c 6 7
d 7 8
d 7 9
d 7 10
d 7 11
SQL Fiddle demo.
If you can identify all the groups and their starting set_id then you can use a recursive approach and do this all in a single statement, rather than needing to populate a table iteratively. However you'd need to benchmark both approaches both for speed/efficiency and resource consumption - whether it will scale for your data volumes and within your system's available resources would need to be verified.
If I understand when you decide to start a new group you can identify them all at once with a query like:
with t as (
select t1.type, t1.set_id, t1.min_value, t1.max_value,
t2.set_id as next_set_id, t2.min_value as next_min_value,
t2.max_value as next_max_value
from table1 t1
left join table1 t2 on t2.type = t1.type and t2.min_value > t1.max_value
where not exists (
select 1
from table1 t3
where t3.type = t1.type
and t3.max_value < t1.min_value
)
)
select t.type, t.set_id, t.min_value, t.max_value,
t.next_set_id, t.next_min_value, t.next_max_value,
row_number() over (order by t.type, t.min_value, t.next_min_value) as grp_id
from t
where not exists (
select 1 from t t2
where t2.type = t.type
and t2.next_max_value < t.next_min_value
)
order by grp_id;
The tricky bit here is getting all three groups for a, specifically the two groups that start with set_id = 1, but only one group for d. The inner select (in the CTE) looks for sets that don't have a lower non-overlapping range via the not exists clause, and outer-joins to the same table to get the next set(s) that don't overlap, which gives you two groups that start with set_id = 1, but also four that start with set_id = 9. The outer select then ignores everything but the lowest non-overlapping with a second not exists clause - but doesn't have to hit the real table again.
So that gives you:
TYPE SET_ID MIN_VALUE MAX_VALUE NEXT_SET_ID NEXT_MIN_VALUE NEXT_MAX_VALUE GRP_ID
---- ------ ---------- ---------- ----------- -------------- -------------- ------
a 1 1 3 2 4 10 1
a 1 1 3 3 6 10 2
a 4 2 5 3 6 10 3
b 5 1 9 4
c 6 1 7 5
c 7 3 10 6
d 8 1 2 9 3 3 7
You can then use that as the anchor member in a recursive subquery factoring clause:
with t as (
...
),
r (type, set_id, min_value, max_value,
next_set_id, next_min_value, next_max_value, grp_id) as (
select t.type, t.set_id, t.min_value, t.max_value,
t.next_set_id, t.next_min_value, t.next_max_value,
row_number() over (order by t.type, t.min_value, t.next_min_value)
from t
where not exists (
select 1 from t t2
where t2.type = t.type
and t2.next_max_value < t.next_min_value
)
...
If you left the r CTE with that and just did sleect * from r you'd get the same seven groups.
The recursive member then uses the next set_id and its range from that query as the next member of each group, and repeats the outer join/not-exists look up to find the next set(s) again; stopping when there is no next non-overlapping set:
...
union all
select r.type, r.next_set_id, r.next_min_value, r.next_max_value,
t.set_id, t.min_value, t.max_value, r.grp_id
from r
left join table1 t
on t.type = r.type
and t.min_value > r.next_max_value
and not exists (
select 1 from table1 t2
where t2.type = r.type
and t2.min_value > r.next_max_value
and t2.max_value < t.min_value
)
where r.next_set_id is not null -- to stop looking when you reach a leaf node
)
...
Finally you have a query based on the recursive CTE to get the columns you want and to specify the order:
...
select r.type, r.grp_id, r.set_id
from r
order by r.type, r.grp_id, r.min_value;
Which gets:
TYPE GRP_ID SET_ID
---- ---------- ----------
a 1 1
a 1 2
a 2 1
a 2 3
a 3 4
a 3 3
b 4 5
c 5 6
c 6 7
d 7 8
d 7 9
d 7 10
d 7 11
SQL Fiddle demo.
If you wanted to you could show the min/max values for each set, and could track and show the min/max value for each group. I've just show then columns from the question though.

how to Get only the rows which's D column hold nearest lowest number to the C column?

------------------------------------------
ID Name C D
------------------------------------------
1 AK-47 10 5
2 RPG 10 20
3 Mp5 20 15
4 Sniper 20 18
5 Tank 90 80
6 Space12 90 20
7 Rifle 90 110
8 Knife 90 85
Consider 1,2 ; 3,4 ; 5,6,7,8 are as separate groups
So i need to get the row group wise that which's D column holds the nearest lower number to the C column
So the Expected Result is :
------------------------------------------
ID Name C D
------------------------------------------
1 AK-47 10 5
4 Sniper 20 18
8 Knife 90 85
How can I achieve this ?
select t1.*
from your_table t1
join
(
select c, min(abs(c-d)) as near
from your_table
group by c
) t2 on t1.c = t2.c and abs(t1.c-t1.d) = t2.near
Here is the syntax for another way of doing this. This uses a cte and will only hit the base table once.
with MySortedData as
(
select ID, Name, C, D, ROW_NUMBER() over(PARTITION BY C order by ABS(C - D)) as RowNum
from Something
)
select *
from MySortedData
where RowNum = 1