I have a users-table with values id, uname, pwd, email and more. Now i wanna create a nested table with only some of these values(id, uname, pwd - but no email):
create or replace TYPE type_u as object(type_id number(4,0), type_uname varchar(32), type_pwd varchar(16));
create or replace TYPE u_tbl as table of type_u;
now i want to fill this nested table with the data (id,uname,pwd) of the users table. I tried to use bulk collect for that:
SELECT u.id,u.uname,u.pwd BULK COLLECT INTO u_tbl FROM user_table u;
But i keep getting the error "not enough values". What is the error in that select statement? Thanks in advance!
Full Code:
create or replace TYPE type_u as object(type_id number(4,0), type_uname varchar(32), type_pwd varchar(16));
create or replace TYPE u_tbl as table of type_u;
create or replace PROCEDURE RET_STRING_TAB(o_cursor OUT SYS_REFCURSOR) IS
v_u_tbl u_tbl;
BEGIN
SELECT u.id, u.name, u.pwd BULK COLLECT INTO v_u_tbl FROM user_table u;
-- For each found User do something
FOR i IN 1 .. v_u_tbl.count
LOOP
-- do something
END LOOP;
OPEN o_cursor FOR SELECT * FROM TABLE(v_u_tbl);
END RET_STRING_TAB;
Please try this one
SELECT type_u(u.id,u.uname,u.pwd) BULK COLLECT INTO u_tbl FROM user_table u;
Related
I was trying to capture the user who fires [dml-operation] in the table_name from any schema. While trying to do so when I wrote the following code its captures the wrong osuser.
Code
create ore replace trigger trigger_name
after insert on table_name
for each row
declare
v_username varchar2(20);
v_osuser varchar2(20);
begin
select distinct osuser, username into v_osuser, v_username from v$session where osuser in ( select sys_context('USERENV', 'os_user') from dual;
insert into audit_table values (v_osuser, v_username);
end;
/
How can I modify this code so that I can address/solve this issue?
Note:
I am using the trigger in one server, and calling from the other server. Is there any way we can store the user information of the calling server. currently, it is returning the user information from the trigger defined server.
Thank You.
Try using this code:
select osuser, username
from v$session
where sid=(select sid from v$mystat where rownum=1);
use sys_context('userenv','CURRENT_SCHEMA') and sys_context('userenv','OS_USER')
to get the schema name/os user. No need to do any "select into" or declare any local variables
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER trigger_name AFTER
INSERT ON table_name
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
INSERT INTO audit_table VALUES (
sys_context(
'userenv','OS_USER'
),
sys_context(
'userenv','CURRENT_SCHEMA'
)
);
END trigger_name;
/
Might be worth reading the docs on sys_context
When an operation is executed over a db link, the "user" is the user defined in the db link, not the user that is invoking the db link. For instance, database MYDB
CREATE PUBLIC DATABASE LINK "MYLINK"
CONNECT TO "SCOTT" IDENTIFIED BY "TIGER"
USING 'YOURDB';
Now, when user FRED executes the following:
select empno from emp#mylink;
Then, in database 'YOURDB', the operation is being executed by YOURDB's user SCOTT, not by MYDB's user FRED.
I wnat to know if its possible to share a temporary table between functions that are called in a "main function", like this:
-- some sub function
create or replace function up_sub_function (str text)
returns table (id int, descr text) as $$
begin
return query select * from temp_table where descr like concat('%', str , '%');
end; $$
language plpgsql;
-- main function
create or replace function up_main_function ()
returns table (id int, descr text) as $$
begin
create temporary table temp_table if not exists (
id int,
descr text
);
insert into temp_campaigns select id, descr from test_table;
return query select * from up_sub_function('a');
end; $$
language plpgsql;
BEGIN;
select * from up_main_function();
drop table temp_table;
COMMIT;
If you can show me the correct way to achieve this, I want to be able to populate a temporary table and then filter rows by calling othe functions inside the main function.
Thanks ans happy programming! :)
See the documentation https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/sql-createtable.html
temp tables are valid for the entire session. That is as long as you stay connected to the database.
In your case you only need it during the transaction. So you should create it with ON COMMIT DROP
create temporary table temp_table if not exists (
id int,
descr text
) ON COMMIT DROP;
Once you created the table you can use it within any function in the current transaction.
You do not need the BEGIN to start the transaction. A transaction is automatically started when the outer function is called.
Nested function calls share the same transaction. So they all see the table.
I want to create a procedure in which I use a cursor to select certain lines and then insert them in another table. I wonder if there is a notation to write it faster.
For instance here is the complete procedure
create or replace procedure myProc as
Cursor lines is
select * from table1 where c = '2';
begin
for line in lines loop
insert into table2 values(line.a, line.b, line.c, line.d ....);
end loop;
end;
/
I want to know if I can replace the 'insert into' line by something like
insert into table2 values(line.something);
or
insert into tables2 values(something(line));
(I think a view could be more effective but it's not the question here.)
Absolutely:
create or replace procedure myProc as
begin
insert into table2( . . .)
select a, b, c, d, . .
from table1
where c = '2';
end;
/
You should list the columns in table2 as well. That is what the table2( . . . ) means.
Despite the following code should work in case structure of both tables were identical...
INSERT INTO target_table
SELECT * FROM source_table;
... you should avoid this way of programming because any column addition to source or target table will end in SQL became invalid.
Looks like you're looking for a short-cut in order to avoid qualifying column names in an insert statement.
Well, although I do not recommend this, it can be done bug it's a little tedious. Here is an example:
if you have a table employee (employee_id, employee_name, designation). You'll need to create two types in the database-
a. An object type which is similar to employee-
create type employee_obj as object (employee_id number(28,0),
employee_name varchar2(100),
designation varchar2(30));
b. Create the set type of this record-
create type employee_obj_set is table of employee_obj;
c. In your PL/SQL procedure you can use something like:
DECLARE
empset employee_obj_set;
-- More variables here
BEGIN
-- other operations
-- populate your empset
-- other operations
INSERT INTO employee
SELECT * FROM table(empset);
-- other operations
END;
/
For faster inserts use bulk collect/FORALL insert instead of singular inserts.Find below sample...
DECLARE
CURSOR lines is select * from table1 where c = '2';
type lines_ty is table of table2%rowtype;
l_lines_t2 lines_ty;
BEGIN
OPEN lines;
LOOP
FETCH lines BULK COLLECT INTO l_lines_t2 LIMIT 500;
FORALL i IN 1..l_lines_t2.COUNT
INSERT INTO table2 VALUES l_lines_t2(i);
EXIT WHEN lines%NOTFOUND;
END LOOP;
CLOSE lines;
END;
I work for a company that has a DW - ETL setup. I need to write a query that looks for over 2500+ values in an WHEN - IN clause and also over 1000+ values in a WHERE - IN clause. Basically it would look like the following:
SELECT
,user_id
,CASE WHEN user_id IN ('user_n', +2500 user_[n+1] ) THEN 1
ELSE 0
,item_id
FROM user_table
WHERE item_id IN ('item_n', +1000 item_[n+1] );
As you probably already know PL/SQL allows a maximum of 1000 values in an IN clause, so I tried adding OR - IN clauses (as suggested in other stackoverflow threads):
SELECT
,user_id
,CASE WHEN user_id IN ('user_n', +999 user_[n+1] )
OR user_id IN ('user_n', +999 user_[n+1] )
OR user_id IN ('user_n', +999 user_[n+1] ) THEN 1
ELSE 0 END AS user_group
,item_id
FROM user_table
WHERE item_id IN ('item_n', +999 item_[n+1] )
OR item_id IN ('item_n', +999 item_[n+1] );
NOTE: i know the math is erroneous in the examples above, but you get the point
The problem is that queries have a maximum executing time of 120 minutes and the job is being automatically killed. So I googled what solutions I could find and it seems Temporary Tables could be the solution I'm looking for, but with all honesty none of the examples I found is clear enough on how to include the values I want in the table and also how to use this table in my original query. Not even the ORACLE documentation was of much help.
Another potential problem is that I have limited rights and I've seen other people mention that in their companies they don't have the rights to create temporary tables.
Some of the info I found in my research:
ORACLE documentation
StackOverflow thread
[StackOverflow thread 2]
Another solution I found was using tuples instead, as mentioned in THIS thread (which I haven't tried) because as another user mentions performance seems greatly affected.
Any guidance on how to use a Temporary Table or if anyone has another way of dealing with this limitation would be greatly appreciated.
Create a global temporary table so no undo logs are created
CREATE GLOBAL TEMPORARY TABLE <table_name> (
<column_name> <column_data_type>,
<column_name> <column_data_type>,
<column_name> <column_data_type>)
ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS;
then depending on how the user list arrives import the data into a holding table and then run
select 'INSERT INTO global_temporary_table <column> values '
|| holding_table.column
||';'
FROM holding_table.column;
This gives you insert statements as output which you run to insert the data.
then
SELECT <some_column>
FROM <some_table>
WHERE <some_value> IN
(SELECT <some_column> from <global_temporary_table>
Use a collection:
CREATE TYPE Ints_Table AS TABLE OF INT;
CREATE TYPE IDs_Table AS TABLE OF CHAR(5);
Something like this:
SELECT user_id,
CASE WHEN user_id MEMBER OF Ints_Table( 1, 2, 3, /* ... */ 2500 )
THEN 1
ELSE 0
END
,item_id
FROM user_table
WHERE item_id MEMBER OF IDs_table( 'ABSC2', 'DITO9', 'KMKM9', /* ... */ 'QD3R5' );
Or you can use PL/SQL to populate a collection:
VARIABLE cur REFCURSOR;
DECLARE
t_users Ints_Table;
t_items IDs_Table;
f UTL_FILE.FILE_TYPE;
line VARCHAR2(4000);
BEGIN
t_users.EXTEND( 2500 );
FOR i = 1 .. 2500 LOOP
t_users( t_users.COUNT ) := i;
END LOOP;
// load data from a file
f := UTL_FILE.FOPEN('DIRECTORY_HANDLE','datafile.txt','R');
IF UTL_FILE.IS_OPEN(f) THEN
LOOP
UTL_FILE.GET_LINE(f,line);
IF line IS NULL THEN EXIT; END IF;
t_items.EXTEND;
t_items( t_items.COUNT ) := line;
END LOOP;
OPEN :cur FOR
SELECT user_id,
CASE WHEN user_id MEMBER OF t_users
THEN 1
ELSE 0
END
,item_id
FROM user_table
WHERE item_id MEMBER OF t_items;
END;
/
PRINT cur;
Or if you are using another language to call the query then you could pass the collections as a bind value (as shown here).
In PL/SQL you could use a collection type. You could create your own like this:
create type string_table is table of varchar2(100);
Or use an existing type such as SYS.DBMS_DEBUG_VC2COLL which is a table of VARCHAR2(1000).
Now you can declare a collection of this type for each of your lists, populate it, and use it in the query - something like this:
declare
strings1 SYS.DBMS_DEBUG_VC2COLL := SYS.DBMS_DEBUG_VC2COLL();
strings2 SYS.DBMS_DEBUG_VC2COLL := SYS.DBMS_DEBUG_VC2COLL();
procedure add_string1 (p_string varchar2) is
begin
strings1.extend();
strings1(strings.count) := p_string;
end;
procedure add_string2 (p_string varchar2) is
begin
strings2.extend();
strings2(strings2.count) := p_string;
end;
begin
add_string1('1');
add_string1('2');
add_string1('3');
-- and so on...
add_string1('2500');
add_string2('1');
add_string2('2');
add_string2('3');
-- and so on...
add_string2('1400');
for r in (
select user_id
, case when user_id in table(strings2) then 1 else 0 end as indicator
, item_id
from user_table
where item_id in table(strings1)
)
loop
dbms_output.put_Line(r.user_id||' '||r.indicator);
end loop;
end;
/
You can use below example to understand Global temporary tables and the type of GTT.
CREATE GLOBAL TEMPORARY TABLE GTT_PRESERVE_ROWS (ID NUMBER) ON COMMIT PRESERVE ROWS;
INSERT INTO GTT_PRESERVE_ROWS VALUES (1);
COMMIT;
SELECT * FROM GTT_PRESERVE_ROWS;
DELETE FROM GTT_PRESERVE_ROWS;
COMMIT;
TRUNCATE TABLE GTT_PRESERVE_ROWS;
DROP TABLE GTT_PRESERVE_ROWS;--WONT WORK IF YOU DIDNOT TRUNCATE THE TABLE OR THE TABLE IS BEING USED IN SOME OTHER SESSION
CREATE GLOBAL TEMPORARY TABLE GTT_DELETE_ROWS (ID NUMBER) ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS;
INSERT INTO GTT_DELETE_ROWS VALUES (1);
SELECT * FROM GTT_DELETE_ROWS;
COMMIT;
SELECT * FROM GTT_DELETE_ROWS;
DROP TABLE GTT_DELETE_ROWS;
However as you mentioned you receive the input in an excel file so you can simply create a table and load data in that table. Once the data is loaded you can use the data in IN clause of your query.
select * from employee where empid in (select empid from temptable);
create temporary table userids (userid int);
insert into userids(...)
then a join or in subquery
select ...
where user_id in (select userid from userids);
drop temporary table userids;
I have the following columns: user_address, user_city, user_state, and user_zip.
I have created a new column that has a custom object datatype:
CREATE TYPE ADDRESS_ADT AS OBJECT (
address VARCHAR2(255),
city VARCHAR2(20),
state CHAR(2),
zip VARCHAR2(20)
);
ALTER TABLE
USERS
ADD (
ADDRESS ADDRESS_ADT
);
I want to write a PL/SQL Unnamed procedure to migrate addresses to this new single column but am not sure how to approach it. Any suggestions?
Create a cursor, loop through the table
Read into the cursor
Build your ADDRESS_ADT object
Update the table
Something like this:
declare
cursor users_cur is
select rowid, street_address as address, city, state, zip
from users;
type users_aat is table of users_cur%ROWTYPE index by pls_integer;
l_users users_aat;
l_address_adt address_adt;
begin
open users_cur;
loop
fetch users_cur bulk collect into l_users limit 100;
for i in 1..l_users.count
loop
l_address_adt := address_adt(
l_users(i).address,
l_users(i).city,
l_users(i).state,
l_users(i).zip
);
update users set address = l_address_adt
where rowid = l_users(i).rowid;
end loop;
exit when l_users.count < 100;
end loop;
commit;
close users_cur;
end;
/