How to use Oracle JSON_VALUE - sql

Question

I'm working on a trigger.
declare
v_time number(11, 0);
begin
for i in 0..1
loop
select JSON_VALUE(body, '$.sections[0].capsules[0].timer.seconds') into v_time from bodycontent where contentid=1081438;
dbms_output.put_line(v_time);
end loop;
end;
However, index references do not become dynamic.
like JSON_VALUE(body, '$.sections[i].capsules[i].timer.seconds')
Is there any way I can do this?

Answer 1

You can use JSON_TABLE:
declare
v_time number(11, 0);
begin
for i in 0..1 loop
SELECT time
INTO v_time
FROM bodycontent b
CROSS APPLY
JSON_TABLE(
b.body,
'$.sections[*]'
COLUMNS (
section_index FOR ORDINALITY,
NESTED PATH '$.capsules[*]'
COLUMNS (
capsule_index FOR ORDINALITY,
time NUMBER(11,0) PATH '$.timer.seconds'
)
)
) j
WHERE j.section_index = i + 1
AND j.capsule_index = i + 1
AND b.contentid=1081438;
dbms_output.put_line(v_time);
end loop;
end;
/
Which, for the test data:
CREATE TABLE bodycontent ( body CLOB CHECK ( body IS JSON ), contentid NUMBER );
INSERT INTO bodycontent ( body, contentid ) VALUES (
'{"sections":[
{"capsules":[{"timer":{"seconds":0}},{"timer":{"seconds":1}},{"timer":{"seconds":2}}]},
{"capsules":[{"timer":{"seconds":3}},{"timer":{"seconds":4}},{"timer":{"seconds":5}}]},
{"capsules":[{"timer":{"seconds":6}},{"timer":{"seconds":7}},{"timer":{"seconds":8}}]}]}',
1081438
);
Outputs:
0
4
Or, you can just use a query:
SELECT section_index, capsule_index, time
FROM bodycontent b
CROSS APPLY
JSON_TABLE(
b.body,
'$.sections[*]'
COLUMNS (
section_index FOR ORDINALITY,
NESTED PATH '$.capsules[*]'
COLUMNS (
capsule_index FOR ORDINALITY,
time NUMBER(11,0) PATH '$.timer.seconds'
)
)
) j
WHERE ( j.section_index, j.capsule_index) IN ( (1,1), (2,2) )
AND b.contentid=1081438;
Which outputs:
SECTION_INDEX | CAPSULE_INDEX | TIME
------------: | ------------: | ---:
1 | 1 | 0
2 | 2 | 4
(Note: the indexes from FOR ORDINALITY are 1 higher than the array indexes in the JSON path.)
db<>fiddle here

Answer 2

You would need to concatenate the variable in the json path:
JSON_VALUE(body, '$.sections[' || to_char(i) || '].capsules[0].timer.seconds')
I don't really see how your question relates to a trigger.

Answer 3

So, the problem is that you want to loop over an index (to go diagonally through the array of arrays, picking up just two elements) - but the JSON_* functions don't work with variables as array indices - they require hard-coded indexes.
PL/SQL has an answer for that - native dynamic SQL, as demonstrated below.
However, note that this approach makes repeated calls to JSON_VALUE() over the same document. Depending on the actual requirement (I assume the one in your question is just for illustration) and the size of the document, it may be more efficient to make a single call to JSON_TABLE(), as illustrated in MT0's answer. If in fact you are indeed only extracting two scalar values from a very large document, two calls to JSON_VALUE() may be justified, especially if the document is much larger than shown here; but if you are extracting many scalar values from a document that is not too complicated, then a single call to JSON_TABLE() may be better, even if in the end you don't use all the data it produces.
Anyway - as an illustration of native dynamic SQL, here's the alternative solution (using MT0's table):
declare
v_time number(11, 0);
begin
for i in 0..1 loop
execute immediate q'#
select json_value(body, '$.sections[#' || i ||
q'#].capsules[#' || i || q'#].timer.seconds')
from bodycontent
where contentid = 1081438#'
into v_time;
dbms_output.put_line(v_time);
end loop;
end;
/
0
4
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

Answer 4

You can see the example below:
Just hit this query in your console and try to understand the implementation.
SELECT JSON_VALUE('{
"increment_id": "2500000043",
"item_id": "845768",
"options": [
{
"firstname": "Kevin"
},
{
"firstname": "Okay"
},
{
"lastname": "Test"
}
]
}', '$.options[0].firstname') AS value
FROM DUAL;