Well I have a INDEX BY TABLE which looks like this:
TYPE dept_table_type IS TABLE OF departments.department_name%TYPE INDEX BY PLS_INTEGER;
my_dept_table dept_table_type;
And with this Loop I want to fill it:
FOR l IN 1..10
LOOP
deptno := deptno + 10;
SELECT department_id, department_name INTO my_dept_table FROM departments WHERE department_id=deptno;
END LOOP;
Is there a possible way to do that because with my solution it's not working...
Thanks in advice
You can either read each department into the appropriate element of the collection:
DECLARE
TYPE dept_table_type IS TABLE OF departments.department_name%TYPE
INDEX BY PLS_INTEGER;
my_dept_table dept_table_type;
DEPTNO NUMBER;
BEGIN
FOR l IN 1..10
LOOP
deptno := l + 10;
SELECT department_name
INTO my_dept_table(l)
FROM departments
WHERE department_id = deptno;
END LOOP;
FOR I IN 1..10 LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('MY_DEPT_TABLE(' || I || ') = ''' || MY_DEPT_TABLE(I) || '''');
END LOOP;
END;
works fine.
But better yet, you can BULK COLLECT the data into your collection, which saves a bunch of code:
DECLARE
TYPE dept_table_type IS TABLE OF departments.department_name%TYPE
INDEX BY PLS_INTEGER;
my_dept_table dept_table_type;
DEPTNO NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT DEPARTMENT_NAME
BULK COLLECT INTO MY_DEPT_TABLE
FROM DEPARTMENTS;
FOR I IN 1..10 LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('MY_DEPT_TABLE(' || I || ') = ''' || MY_DEPT_TABLE(I) || '''');
END LOOP;
END;
db<>fiddle here
EDIT
OP has indicated that he wants the department number to be used as the index to the collection. In that case I'd use a cursor and add each element separately:
DECLARE
TYPE dept_table_type IS TABLE OF departments.department_name%TYPE
INDEX BY PLS_INTEGER;
my_dept_table dept_table_type;
BEGIN
FOR aRow IN (SELECT DEPARTMENT_ID, DEPARTMENT_NAME
FROM DEPARTMENTS
ORDER BY DEPARTMENT_ID)
LOOP
MY_DEPT_TABLE(aRow.DEPARTMENT_ID) := aRow.DEPARTMENT_NAME;
END LOOP;
FOR I IN MY_DEPT_TABLE.FIRST..MY_DEPT_TABLE.LAST LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('MY_DEPT_TABLE(' || I || ') = ''' || MY_DEPT_TABLE(I) || '''');
END LOOP;
END;
db<>fiddle here
Related
I wanted to select 10 highly paid employees from the "employees" table, but the function returnes only 1 row. How to get multiple rows in this case? My subquery for selecting employees works well, but when I call function it returns 1 row.
This is my code:
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION f_sal
RETURN Varchar2
IS cursor c_emp is (select first_name, last_name from (select first_name, last_name, row_number()
over(order by salary desc) as ranking from employees) where ranking <= 10);
v_first employees.first_name%type;
v_last employees.last_name%type;
begin
open c_emp;
fetch c_emp into v_first, v_last;
close c_emp;
return v_first || ' ' || v_last;
EXCEPTION
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND
THEN
dbms_output.put_line('Error');
when others then dbms_output.put_line('Other Error');
END;
select f_sal from dual;
Option 1: Use a collection
CREATE FUNCTION f_sal
RETURN SYS.ODCIVARCHAR2LIST
IS
v_names SYS.ODCIVARCHAR2LIST;
BEGIN
SELECT first_name || ' ' || last_name
BULK COLLECT INTO v_names
FROM employees
ORDER BY salary DESC
FETCH FIRST 10 ROWS ONLY;
return v_names;
END;
/
Then:
SELECT * FROM TABLE(f_sal);
Option 2: Use a pipelined function and iterate over a cursor into a collection
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION f_sal
RETURN SYS.ODCIVARCHAR2LIST PIPELINED
IS
BEGIN
FOR n IN (
SELECT first_name || ' ' || last_name AS name
FROM employees
ORDER BY salary DESC
FETCH FIRST 10 ROWS ONLY
)
LOOP
PIPE ROW (n.name);
END LOOP;
END;
/
Then:
SELECT * FROM TABLE(f_sal);
Option 3: Return a cursor
CREATE FUNCTION f_sal
RETURN SYS_REFCURSOR
IS
v_names SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
OPEN v_names FOR
SELECT first_name || ' ' || last_name AS name
FROM employees
ORDER BY salary DESC
FETCH FIRST 10 ROWS ONLY;
return v_names;
END;
/
Then:
DECLARE
v_names SYS_REFCURSOR := f_sal();
v_name VARCHAR2(100);
BEGIN
LOOP
FETCH v_names INTO v_name;
EXIT WHEN v_names%NOTFOUND;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE( v_name );
END LOOP;
END;
/
db<>fiddle here
I am trying hard dynamic PL/SQL thing here.
I don't manage to fetch a column dynamic Query.
I am iterating on the name of the column to concatenate a full query in order to be executed on another table.
sql_req := 'select ';
for c in (SELECT name_col from TAB_LISTCOL)
loop
sql_req := sql_req || 'sum(' || c.name_col || '),';
end loop;
sql_req := sql_req || ' from ANOTHER_TAB ';
And when i try to execute it with EXECUTE IMMEDIATE or cursors or INTO/BULK COLLECT thing or just to fetch, i don't manage to iterate on the result.
I tried a lot.
Can you help me plz ? Or maybe it is not possible ?
ps : i know the coma is wrong but my code is more complexe than this : i didn't want to put more things
If you only want to get string columns, you can use listagg
select listagg(name_col, ',') WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY null) from TAB_LISTCOL
Please see if this helps
In the absence of actual table structure and requirement, I'm creating dummy tables and query to illustrate an example:
SQL> create table another_tab
as
select 10 dummy_value1, 100 dummy_value2, 1000 dummy_value3 from dual union all
select 11 dummy_value1, 101 dummy_value2, 1001 dummy_value3 from dual union all
select 12 dummy_value1, 102 dummy_value2, 1003 dummy_value3 from dual
;
Table created.
SQL> create table tab_listcol
as select column_name from dba_tab_cols where table_name = 'ANOTHER_TAB'
;
Table created.
To reduce complexity in the final block, I'm defining a function to generate the dynamic sql query. This is based on your example and will need changes according to your actual requirement.
SQL> create or replace function gen_col_based_query
return varchar2
as
l_query varchar2(4000);
begin
l_query := 'select ';
for cols in ( select column_name cname from tab_listcol )
loop
l_query := l_query || 'sum(' || cols.cname || '), ' ;
end loop;
l_query := rtrim(l_query,', ') || ' from another_tab';
return l_query;
end;
/
Function created.
Sample output from the function will be as follows
SQL> select gen_col_based_query as query from dual;
QUERY
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
select sum(DUMMY_VALUE1), sum(DUMMY_VALUE2), sum(DUMMY_VALUE3) from another_tab
Below is a sample block for executing a dynamic cursor using DBMS_SQL. For your ease of understanding, I've added comments wherever possible. More info here.
SQL> set serveroutput on size unlimited
SQL> declare
sql_stmt clob;
src_cur sys_refcursor;
curid number;
desctab dbms_sql.desc_tab; -- collection type
colcnt number;
namevar varchar2 (50);
numvar number;
datevar date;
l_header varchar2 (4000);
l_out_rows varchar2 (4000);
begin
/* Generate dynamic sql from the function defined earlier */
select gen_col_based_query into sql_stmt from dual;
/* Open cursor variable for this dynamic sql */
open src_cur for sql_stmt;
/* To fetch the data, however, you cannot use the cursor variable, since the number of elements fetched is unknown at complile time.
Therefore you use DBMS_SQL.TO_CURSOR_NUMBER to convert a REF CURSOR variable to a SQL cursor number which you can then pass to DBMS_SQL subprograms
*/
curid := dbms_sql.to_cursor_number (src_cur);
/* Use DBMS_SQL.DESCRIBE_COLUMNS to describe columns of your dynamic cursor, returning information about each column in an associative array of records viz., desctab. The no. of columns is returned in colcnt variable.
*/
dbms_sql.describe_columns (curid, colcnt, desctab);
/* Define columns at runtime based on the data type (number, date or varchar2 - you may add to the list)
*/
for indx in 1 .. colcnt
loop
if desctab (indx).col_type = 2 -- number data type
then
dbms_sql.define_column (curid, indx, numvar);
elsif desctab (indx).col_type = 12 -- date data type
then
dbms_sql.define_column (curid, indx, datevar);
else -- assuming string
dbms_sql.define_column (curid, indx, namevar, 100);
end if;
end loop;
/* Print header row */
for i in 1 .. desctab.count loop
l_header := l_header || ' | ' || rpad(desctab(i).col_name,20);
end loop;
l_header := l_header || ' | ' ;
dbms_output.put_line(l_header);
/* Loop to retrieve each row of data identified by the dynamic cursor and print output rows
*/
while dbms_sql.fetch_rows (curid) > 0
loop
for indx in 1 .. colcnt
loop
if (desctab (indx).col_type = 2) -- number data type
then
dbms_sql.column_value (curid, indx, numvar);
l_out_rows := l_out_rows || ' | ' || rpad(numvar,20);
elsif (desctab (indx).col_type = 12) -- date data type
then
dbms_sql.column_value (curid, indx, datevar);
l_out_rows := l_out_rows || ' | ' || rpad(datevar,20);
elsif (desctab (indx).col_type = 1) -- varchar2 data type
then
dbms_sql.column_value (curid, indx, namevar);
l_out_rows := l_out_rows || ' | ' || rpad(namevar,20);
end if;
end loop;
l_out_rows := l_out_rows || ' | ' ;
dbms_output.put_line(l_out_rows);
end loop;
dbms_sql.close_cursor (curid);
end;
/
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
Output
| SUM(DUMMY_VALUE1) | SUM(DUMMY_VALUE2) | SUM(DUMMY_VALUE3) |
| 33 | 303 | 3004 |
You have to use EXECUTE IMMEDIATE with BULK COLLECT
Below is an example of the same. For more information refer this link
DECLARE
TYPE name_salary_rt IS RECORD (
name VARCHAR2 (1000),
salary NUMBER
);
TYPE name_salary_aat IS TABLE OF name_salary_rt
INDEX BY PLS_INTEGER;
l_employees name_salary_aat;
BEGIN
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE
q'[select first_name || ' ' || last_name, salary
from hr.employees
order by salary desc]'
BULK COLLECT INTO l_employees;
FOR indx IN 1 .. l_employees.COUNT
LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line (l_employees (indx).name);
END LOOP;
END;
If I understand correctly, you want to create a query and execute it and return the result to another function or some calling app. As the resulting query's columns are note before-known, I'd return a ref cursor in this case:
create function get_sums return sys_refcur as
declare
my_cursor sys_refcursor;
v_query varchar2(32757);
begin
select
'select ' ||
listagg('sum(' || name_col || ')', ', ') within group (order by name_col) ||
' from another_tab'
into v_query
from tab_listcol;
open my_cursor for v_query;
return v_query;
end get_sums;
SET SERVEROUTPUT on
declare
type emp_record is record
(v_empid emp1.empno % type;
v_ename emp1.ename % type; )
emp_rec emp_record;
v_sal emp1.sal%type;
begin
v_sal:=:v_sal;
select empno,ename
into emp_rec
from emp1
where sal:=v_sal;
dbms_output.put_line('The employee whose salary is ' || v_sal || 'has Employee Id ' || emp_rec.v_empid || 'and his name is ' || emp_rec.v_ename);
end;
The error is :
ORA-00922: missing or invalid option
There are several issues within the code. Convert to the one as below:
declare
type emp_record is record
(v_empid emp1.empno % type,
v_ename emp1.ename % type );
emp_rec emp_record;
v_sal emp1.sal%type:=&i_sal;
begin
select empno,ename
into emp_rec
from emp1
where sal = v_sal;
dbms_output.put_line('The employee whose salary is ' || v_sal || 'has Employee Id '
|| emp_rec.v_empid || 'and his name is ' || emp_rec.v_ename);
end;
/
Whenever it prompts for the i_sal, you'll input the desired salary parameter value.
Demo
If you have multiple records to be manipulated as #APC mentioned, such as more than one people has the same salary,you'll need such a loop statement :
declare
type emp_record is record
(v_empid emp1.empno % type,
v_ename emp1.ename % type,
v_sal emp1.sal % type);
emp_rec emp_record;
v_sal emp1.sal%type:=&i_sal;
cursor c_emp is
select empno,ename,sal
into emp_rec
from emp1
where sal = v_sal;
begin
open c_emp;
loop
fetch c_emp into emp_rec;
exit when c_emp%notfound;
dbms_output.put_line('The employee whose salary is ' || emp_rec.v_sal || ' has Employee Id '
|| emp_rec.v_empid || ' and his name is ' || emp_rec.v_ename);
end loop;
close c_emp;
end;
/
Demo
The simplest method to fix that particular problem is to use aggregation:
select max(empno), max(ename)
into emp_rec
from emp1
where sal = v_sal;
An aggregation query with no group by always returns exactly one row.
That said, the more correct method is to handle the exception that is generated by not having a matching value. You will also need to handle exceptions for duplicate values as well.
I am using sqldeveloper. I have to use INDEX BY for this program.
Department table has ID's 10,20,50,60,80,100.
Currently the program prints dept_names for id's 10 and 20 and then quits.
DECLARE
TYPE dept_table_indexby is TABLE OF
departments.department_name%TYPE
INDEX BY PLS_INTEGER;
dept_table_arr dept_table_indexby;
v_department_id departments.department_id%TYPE := 10;
BEGIN
for i in 1..10 loop
BEGIN
select department_name into dept_table_arr(i)
from departments
where department_id = v_department_id;
v_department_id := v_department_id + 10;
EXCEPTION
WHEN no_data_found THEN
--null; /* tried this option, still control exits the loop */
dbms_output.put_line('in loop : ' || dept_table_arr(i));
end;
end loop;
for i in dept_table_arr.first..dept_table_arr.last loop
dbms_output.put_line('department name: outside loop ' || dept_table_arr(i));
end loop;
end;
Im not really sure where the error is.
My guess is because you are trying to asign NULL to dept_table_arr(i) when ID=30
Im not familiar with oracle sintaxis, but here are my suggestion:
1 - Easier but couldnt test it by myself.
SELECT COALESCE(department_name , '') into dept_table_arr(i)
FROM departments
WHERE department_id = v_department_id;
The COALESCE function takes two or more compatible arguments and returns the first argument that is not null.
2 - Longer but know will work
SELECT COUNT(department_name) into int_department
FROM departments
WHERE department_id = v_department_id;
IF int_department > 0 THEN
SELECT department_name into dept_table_arr(i)
FROM departments
WHERE department_id = v_department_id;
ELSE
dept_table_arr(i) := "";
END IF;
v_department_id := v_department_id + 10;
There are two issues in your code.
1)
select department_name into dept_table_arr(i)
from departments
where department_id = v_department_id;
v_department_id := v_department_id + 10;
When no_data_found occured v_department will not update value, after two iteration it will always remain 30.
2)
for i in dept_table_arr.first..dept_table_arr.last loop
dbms_output.put_line('department name: outside loop ' || dept_table_arr(i));
end loop;
In this loop i variable changes from 1 to 10 (10 times) but your array have only six values.
After fixing errors:
DECLARE
TYPE dept_table_indexby is TABLE OF
departments.department_name%TYPE
INDEX BY PLS_INTEGER;
dept_table_arr dept_table_indexby;
v_department_id departments.department_id%TYPE := 0; --start with 0
k number;
BEGIN
for i in 1..10 loop
BEGIN
v_department_id := v_department_id + 10; --update v_department_id before select
select department_name into dept_table_arr(i)
from departments
where department_id = v_department_id ;
EXCEPTION
WHEN no_data_found THEN
null; /* tried this option, still control exits the loop */
end;
end loop;
--Associative arrays must be processed with .first and .next
k:= dept_table_arr.first;
while (k is not null)
loop
-- dbms_output.put_line(k);
dbms_output.put_line('department name: outside loop ' || dept_table_arr(k) );
k:= dept_table_arr.next(k);
end loop;
end;
Use goto statement. http://www.tutorialspoint.com/plsql/plsql_goto_statement.htm
BEGIN
for i in 1..10 loop
BEGIN
<<loopstart>> /* Where to start looping again when reach exception*/
v_department_id := v_department_id + 10; --update in beginning like ksa said
select department_name into dept_table_arr(i)
from departments
where department_id = v_department_id;
EXCEPTION
WHEN no_data_found THEN
goto loopstart; /* Use this instead */
dbms_output.put_line('in loop : ' || dept_table_arr(i));
end;
I give the SQL few inputs and I need to get all the ID's and their count that doesn't satisfy the required criteria.
I would like to know if there are there any alternatives to using cursor.
DECLARE
v_count INTEGER;
v_output VARCHAR2 (1000);
pc table1%ROWTYPE;
unmarked_ids EXCEPTION;
dynamic_sql VARCHAR (5000);
cur SYS_REFCURSOR;
id pp.id%TYPE;
pos INTEGER;
BEGIN
v_count := 0;
SELECT *
INTO pc
FROM table1
WHERE id = '&ID';
DBMS_OUTPUT.ENABLE;
dynamic_sql :=
'SELECT ID from pp
WHERE ( TO_CHAR(cdate, ''yyyy/mm/dd'') =
TO_CHAR (:a, ''yyyy/mm/dd''))
AND aid IN (SELECT aid FROM ppd WHERE TO_CHAR(cdate, ''yyyy/mm/dd'') =
TO_CHAR (:b, ''yyyy/mm/dd'')
AND cid = :c )
AND cid <> :d';
OPEN cur FOR dynamic_sql USING pc.cdate, pc.cdate, pc.id, pc.id;
LOOP
FETCH cur INTO id;
EXIT WHEN cur%NOTFOUND;
v_count := v_count + 1;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE (' Id:' || id);
END LOOP;
CLOSE cur;
IF (v_count > 0)
THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ( 'Count: ' || v_count || ' SQL: ' || dynamic_sql);
RAISE unmarked_ids;
END IF;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('SQL ended successfully');
EXCEPTION
WHEN unmarked_ids
THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line (
'Found ID's that not marked with the current id.');
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND
THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line (
'No data found in table1 with the current id ' || '&ID');
END;
There are bind variables in the query. One of them is date, there are three more.
The count and ID's are required to be shown which will later be reported.
You could store the rowid in a temporary table along with an index value (0...n) and then use a while loop to go through the index values and join to the real table using the rowid.