I am just learning SQLDelight and was hoping to find how to add an object with an ID if it doesn't exist already if it does exist then update that current object with the given id.
currently, I am deleting the current object with id, then adding an object and was hoping to reduce this into one simple call.
My current code:
CREATE TABLE Color (
id TEXT NOT NULL,
name TEXT NOT NULL,
hex TEXT NOT NULL
);
getColorWithId:
SELECT * FROM Color
WHERE id = ?;
saveColor:
INSERT OR REPLACE INTO Color (id, name, hex)
VALUES (?, ?, ?);
deleteColorWithId:
DELETE FROM Color
WHERE id = ?;
I was hoping to change it to replace saveColor and deleteColorWithId with something like:
updateColorWithId:
INSERT OR REPLACE INTO Color (id, name, hex)
WHERE id = ?
VALUES (?, ?, ?);
but it doesn't work with this error <insert stmt values real> expected, got 'WHERE'
can anyone help? I can't find anything in the docs.
Your statement saveColor serves as UPSERT command and it works exactly as you wish. You don't need to create another statement.
INSERT OR REPLACE INTO Color (id, name, hex)
VALUES (?, ?, ?);
You must specify PRIMARY KEY on id column and you can use saveColor as updateColorWithId.
You are already there, try something like this:
Check if the record exists. If it does, then update otherwise add a new row. Using named arguments as per documentation would be ideal. https://cashapp.github.io/sqldelight/native_sqlite/query_arguments/
updateOrInsert:
IF EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM Color WHERE id = :id)
BEGIN
UPDATE Color
SET id = :id,
name = :name,
hex = :hex
WHERE id = :id
END
ELSE
BEGIN
INSERT INTO Color(id, name, hex)
VALUES (:id, :name, :hex);
END
Usage
dbQuery.updateOrInsert(id = BGColor.id, name = bgColor.name, hex = bgColor.hex)
Take a look at this, might be useful REPLACE INTO vs Update
Related
I have a postgres SQL query where I want to do upsert.
My pk1, pk2 columns are composite primary key. And I want to update 3 columns dk1, dk2, timek if there is a conflict with the primary key constraint.
Also when I update the columns on conflict, say timek column, then I need to check if the new value is less than old value and choose accordingly if need to use old value or new value.
Here is the query I have but it throws error.
I am new to postgres SQL, please suggest what's wrong?
INSERT INTO data_reports (pk1, pk2, dk1, dk2, dk3, timek, valuek) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
ON CONFLICT (pk1, pk2) DO UPDATE SET
dk1 = EXCLUDED.dk1,
dk2 = CASE WHEN (dk2 < EXCLUDED.dk2) THEN EXCLUDED.dk2 ELSE dk2 END), // I believe dk2 (existing value in DB) is not selected but how to do that
timek = CASE WHEN (timek < EXCLUDED.timek) THEN EXCLUDED.timek ELSE timek END);
You can refer to pre-update column values by specifying the table name: e.g. data_reports.dk2.
Open and close parentheses, There are 5 (s and 7 )s.
Start a comment with --, or enclose a comment with /* and */.
INSERT INTO data_reports (pk1,pk2,dk1,dk2,dk3,timek,valuek)
VALUES (1,1,9,9,9,9,9)
ON CONFLICT (pk1,pk2) DO
UPDATE
SET
dk1 = EXCLUDED.dk1,
dk2 =
(CASE
WHEN (data_reports.dk2 < EXCLUDED.dk2) THEN EXCLUDED.dk2
ELSE data_reports.dk2
END),
timek =
(CASE
WHEN (data_reports.timek < EXCLUDED.timek) THEN EXCLUDED.timek
ELSE data_reports.timek
END);
Just FYI: You could simplify by replacing the CASE expression by the LEAST function:
insert into data_reports (pk1,pk2,dk1,dk2,dk3,timek,valuek)
values (1,1,9,9,9,9,9)
on conflict (pk1,pk2) do
update
set
dk1 = excluded.dk1,
dk2 = least(data_reports.dk2, excluded.dk2),
timek = least(data_reports.timek, excluded.timek);
I am trying to execute a merge statement against an Informix database as follows:
MERGE INTO aa_rec AS dest
USING (SELECT '123456' AS id, '111-222-3333' as phone, '' as phone_ext, 'CELL' as aa FROM sysmaster:'informix'.sysdual) AS src
ON dest.id = src.id AND dest.aa = src.aa
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT (dest.id, dest.aa, dest.beg_date, dest.phone, dest.phone_ext, dest.ofc_add_by)
VALUES (src.id, src.aa, TODAY, src.phone, src.phone_ext, 'TEST')
WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET
dest.phone = src.phone,
dest.phone_ext = src.phone_ext,
dest.beg_date = '10/29/2019',
dest.ofc_add_by = 'TEST'
This statement works as is, with hard-coded values, but I would like to pass parameters for the values in the source table:
USING (SELECT ? AS id, ? as phone, ? as phone_ext, 'CELL' as aa FROM sysmaster:'informix'.sysdual) AS src
When I execute the statement with parameters and valid values, I receive this error:
E42000: (-201) A syntax error has occurred.
Are parameters supported in the source part of the MERGE statement? If they are, where is the error in my syntax?
For context, I'm calling this from ASP.NET using the OleDb provider for Informix.
You have:
SELECT ? AS id, ? as phone, ? as phone_ext, 'CELL' as aa FROM sysmaster:'informix'.sysdual
You can't use placeholders (? symbols) for 'structural' elements of a SELECT statement. You can't provide column names in the placeholders. And passing numbers etc as values via placeholders in the select-list doesn't work either.
I'd probably create a temp table of the appropriate shape, and insert a row into that, and then use the temp table in the select statement:
SELECT '123456' AS id, '111-222-3333' AS phone, '' AS phone_ext, 'CELL' AS aa
FROM sysmaster:'informix'.sysdual
INTO TEMP phone_data;
MERGE INTO aa_rec AS dest
USING (SELECT * FROM phone_data) AS src
ON dest.id = src.id AND dest.aa = src.aa
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT (dest.id, dest.aa, dest.beg_date, dest.phone, dest.phone_ext, dest.ofc_add_by)
VALUES (src.id, src.aa, TODAY, src.phone, src.phone_ext, 'TEST')
WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET
dest.phone = src.phone,
dest.phone_ext = src.phone_ext,
dest.beg_date = '10/29/2019',
dest.ofc_add_by = 'TEST'
;
DROP TABLE phone_data;
It might be better/safer to create the temp table explicitly rather than to use the INTO TEMP clause. The types are not necessarily what you'd expect (CHAR(6), CHAR(12), VARCHAR(1), CHAR(4)) — though that may not matter.
Clearly, once the temp table exists, you can insert whatever data is appropriate into the temp table using any mechanism that's available:
INSERT INTO phone_data(id, phone, phone_ext, aa) VALUES(?, ?, ?, ?)
Remember that temp tables are private to a session — you can have lots of people all using the same temporary table name at the same time without interfering with each other.
I'm mediocre with perl and new to SQL, so excuse any lameness.
I've got a perl script I'm working on that interacts with a database to keep track of users on IRC. From tutorials I've found, I've been able to create the db, create a table within, INSERT a new record, UPDATE a field in that record, and SELECT/find records based on a field.
The problem is, I can only figure out how to UPDATE one field at a time and that seems inefficient.
The code to create the table:
my $sql = <<'END_SQL';
CREATE TABLE seenDB (
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
date VARCHAR(10),
time VARCHAR(8),
nick VARCHAR(30) UNIQUE NOT NULL,
rawnick VARCHAR(100),
channel VARCHAR(32),
action VARCHAR(20),
message VARCHAR(380)
)
END_SQL
$dbh->do($sql);
And to insert a record using values I've determined elsewhere:
$dbh->do('INSERT INTO seenDB (nick, rawnick, channel, action, message, date, time) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)', undef, $nickString, $rawnickString, $channelString, $actionString, $messageString, $dateString, $timeString);
So, when the script needs to update, I'd like to update all of these fiends at once, but right now the only thing that works is one at a time, using syntax I got from the tutorial:
$dbh->do('UPDATE seenDB SET time = ? WHERE nick = ?',
undef,
$timeString,
$nickString);
I've tried the following syntaxes for multiple fields, but they fail:
$dbh->do('UPDATE seenDB (rawnick, channel, action, message, date, time) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)', undef, $rawnickString, $channelString, $actionString, $messageString, $dateString, $timeString);
and
$dbh->do('UPDATE seenDB SET rawnick=$rawnickString channel=$channelString action=$actionString message=$messageString date=$dateString time=$timeString WHERE nick=$nickString');
Is there a better way to do this?
You can update several fields at once in pretty much the same way as you update a single field, just list them comma separated in the update, something like;
$dbh->do('UPDATE seenDB SET rawnick=?, channel=?, action=?, message=?, date=?, time=? WHERE nick=?',
undef,
$rawnickString,
$channelString,
$actionString,
$messageString,
$dateString,
$timeString,
$nickString
);
I'm new to firebird and I have verious issues. I want to insert various lines into a table selected from another table.
Here's the code:
/*CREATE GENERATOR POS; */
SET GENERATOR POS TO 1;
SET TERM ^;
create trigger BAS_pkassign
for MATERIAL
active before insert position 66
EXECUTE BLOCK
AS
declare posid bigint;
select gen_id(POS, 1)
from RDB$DATABASE
into :posid;
BEGIN
END
SET TERM ; ^
INSERT INTO MATERIAL ( /*ID */ LOCATION, POSID, ARTID, ARTIDCONT, QUANTITY )
SELECT 1000, ':posid', 309, BAS_ART.ID, 1
FROM BAS_ART
WHERE BAS_ART.ARTCATEGORY LIKE '%MyWord%'
The ID should autoincrement from 66 on. The posid should autoincrement from 1 on.
Actually it is not inserting anything.
I'm using Firebird Maestro and have just opened the SQL Script Editor (which doesnt throw any error message on executing the script).
Can anybody help me?
Thanks!
Additional information:
The trigger should autoincrement the column "ID" - but I dont know how exactly I can change it so it works.. The ':posid' throws an error using it :posid but like this theres no error (I guess its interpretated as a string). But how do I use it right?
I dont get errors when I execute it. The table structure is easy. I have 2 tables:
1.
Material (
ID (INTEGER),
Location (INTEGER),
POSID (INTEGER),
ARTID (INTEGER),
ARTIDCONT (INTEGER),
QUANTITY (INTEGER),
OTHERCOLUMN (INTEGER))
and the 2. other table
BAS_ART (ID (INTEGER), ARTCATEGORY (VARCHAR255))
-> I want to insert all entries from the table BAS_ART which contain "MyWord" in the column ARTCATEGORY into the MATERIAL table.
I don't understand why you need the trigger at all.
This problem:
I want to insert all entries from the table BAS_ART which contain "MyWord" into the MATERIAL table
Can be solved with a single insert ... select statement.
insert into material (id, location, posid, artid, quantity)
select next value for seq_mat_id, 1000, next value for seq_pos, id, 1
from bas_art
where artcategory = 'My Word';
This assumes that there is a second sequence (aka "generator") that is named seq_mat_id that provides the new id for the column material.id
For most of my answer I will assume a very simple table:
CREATE TABLE MyTable (
ID BIGINT PRIMARY KEY,
SomeValue VARCHAR(255),
posid INTEGER
)
Auto-increment identifier
Firebird (up to version 2.5) does not have an identity column type (this will be added in Firebird 3), instead you need to use a sequence (aka generator) and a trigger to get this.
Sequence
First you need to create a sequence using CREATE SEQUENCE:
CREATE SEQUENCE seqMyTable
A sequence is atomic which means interleaving transactions/connections will not get duplicate values, it is also outside transaction control, which means that a ROLLBACK will not revert to the previous value. In most uses a sequences should always increase, so the value reset you do at the start of your question is wrong for almost all purposes; for example another connection could reset the sequence as well midway in your execution leaving you with unintended duplicates of POSID.
Trigger
To generate a value for an auto-increment identifier, you need to use a BEFORE INSERT TRIGGER that assigns a generated value to the - in this example - ID column.
CREATE TRIGGER trgMyTableAutoIncrement FOR MyTable
ACTIVE BEFORE INSERT POSITION 0
AS
BEGIN
NEW.ID = NEXT VALUE FOR seqMyTable;
END
In this example I always assign a generated value, other examples assign a generated value only when the ID is NULL.
Getting the value
To get the generated value you can use the RETURNING-clause of the INSERT-statement:
INSERT INTO MyTable (SomeValue) VALUES ('abc') RETURNING ID
INSERT INTO ... SELECT
Using INSERT INTO ... SELECT you can select rows from one table and insert them into others. The reason it doesn't work for you is because you are trying to assign the string value ':pos' to a column of type INTEGER, and that is not allowed.
Assuming I have another table MyOtherTable with a similar structure as MyTable I can transfer values using:
INSERT INTO MyTable (SomeValue)
SELECT SomeOtherValue
FROM MyOtherTable
Using INSERT INTO ... SELECT it is not possible to obtain the generated values unless only a single row was inserted.
Guesswork with regard to POSID
It is not clear to me what POSID is supposed to be, and what values it should have. It looks like you want to have an increasing value starting at 1 for a single INSERT INTO ... SELECT. In versions of Firebird up to 2.5 that is not possible in this way (in Firebird 3 you would be able to use ROW_NUMBER() for this).
If my guess is right, then you will need to use an EXECUTE BLOCK (or a stored procedure) to assign and increase the value for every row to be inserted.
The execute block would be something like:
EXECUTE BLOCK
AS
DECLARE posid INTEGER = 1;
DECLARE someothervalue VARCHAR(255);
BEGIN
FOR SELECT SomeOtherValue FROM MyOtherTable INTO :someothervalue DO
BEGIN
INSERT INTO MyTable (SomeValue, posid) VALUES (:someothervalue, :posid);
posid = posid + 1;
END
END
Without an ORDER BY with the SELECT the value of posid is essentially meaningless, because there is no guaranteed order.
I want to declare a variable in SQLite and use it in insert operation.
Like in MS SQL:
declare #name as varchar(10)
set name = 'name'
select * from table where name = #name
For example, I will need to get last_insert_row and use it in insert.
I have found something about binding but I didn't really fully understood it.
SQLite doesn't support native variable syntax, but you can achieve virtually the same using an in-memory temp table.
I've used the below approach for large projects and works like a charm.
/* Create in-memory temp table for variables */
BEGIN;
PRAGMA temp_store = 2; /* 2 means use in-memory */
CREATE TEMP TABLE _Variables(Name TEXT PRIMARY KEY, RealValue REAL, IntegerValue INTEGER, BlobValue BLOB, TextValue TEXT);
/* Declaring a variable */
INSERT INTO _Variables (Name) VALUES ('VariableName');
/* Assigning a variable (pick the right storage class) */
UPDATE _Variables SET IntegerValue = ... WHERE Name = 'VariableName';
/* Getting variable value (use within expression) */
... (SELECT coalesce(RealValue, IntegerValue, BlobValue, TextValue) FROM _Variables WHERE Name = 'VariableName' LIMIT 1) ...
DROP TABLE _Variables;
END;
For a read-only variable (that is, a constant value set once and used anywhere in the query), use a Common Table Expression (CTE).
WITH const AS (SELECT 'name' AS name, 10 AS more)
SELECT table.cost, (table.cost + const.more) AS newCost
FROM table, const
WHERE table.name = const.name
SQLite WITH clause
Herman's solution works, but it can be simplified because Sqlite allows to store any value type on any field.
Here is a simpler version that uses one Value field declared as TEXT to store any value:
CREATE TEMP TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Variables (Name TEXT PRIMARY KEY, Value TEXT);
INSERT OR REPLACE INTO Variables VALUES ('VarStr', 'Val1');
INSERT OR REPLACE INTO Variables VALUES ('VarInt', 123);
INSERT OR REPLACE INTO Variables VALUES ('VarBlob', x'12345678');
SELECT Value
FROM Variables
WHERE Name = 'VarStr'
UNION ALL
SELECT Value
FROM Variables
WHERE Name = 'VarInt'
UNION ALL
SELECT Value
FROM Variables
WHERE Name = 'VarBlob';
Herman's solution worked for me, but the ... had me mixed up for a bit. I'm including the demo I worked up based on his answer. The additional features in my answer include foreign key support, auto incrementing keys, and use of the last_insert_rowid() function to get the last auto generated key in a transaction.
My need for this information came up when I hit a transaction that required three foreign keys but I could only get the last one with last_insert_rowid().
PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON; -- sqlite foreign key support is off by default
PRAGMA temp_store = 2; -- store temp table in memory, not on disk
CREATE TABLE Foo(
Thing1 INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT NOT NULL
);
CREATE TABLE Bar(
Thing2 INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT NOT NULL,
FOREIGN KEY(Thing2) REFERENCES Foo(Thing1)
);
BEGIN TRANSACTION;
CREATE TEMP TABLE _Variables(Key TEXT, Value INTEGER);
INSERT INTO Foo(Thing1)
VALUES(2);
INSERT INTO _Variables(Key, Value)
VALUES('FooThing', last_insert_rowid());
INSERT INTO Bar(Thing2)
VALUES((SELECT Value FROM _Variables WHERE Key = 'FooThing'));
DROP TABLE _Variables;
END TRANSACTION;
To use the one from denverCR in your example:
WITH tblCTE AS (SELECT "Joe" AS namevar)
SELECT * FROM table, tblCTE
WHERE name = namevar
As a beginner I found other answers too difficult to understand, hope this works
Creating "VARIABLE" for use in SQLite SELECT (and some other) statements
CREATE TEMP TABLE IF NOT EXISTS variable AS SELECT '2002' AS _year; --creating the "variable" named "_year" with value "2002"
UPDATE variable SET _year = '2021'; --changing the variable named "_year" assigning "new" value "2021"
SELECT _year FROM variable; --viewing the variable
SELECT 'TEST', (SELECT _year FROM variable) AS _year; --using the variable
SELECT taxyr FROM owndat WHERE taxyr = (SELECT _year FROM variable); --another example of using the variable
SELECT DISTINCT taxyr FROM owndat WHERE taxyr IN ('2022',(SELECT _year FROM variable)); --another example of using the variable
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS variable; --releasing the "variable" if needed to be released
After reading all the answers I prefer something like this:
select *
from table, (select 'name' as name) const
where table.name = const.name
Try using Binding Values. You cannot use variables as you do in T-SQL but you can use "parameters". I hope the following link is usefull.Binding Values
I found one solution for assign variables to COLUMN or TABLE:
conn = sqlite3.connect('database.db')
cursor=conn.cursor()
z="Cash_payers" # bring results from Table 1 , Column: Customers and COLUMN
# which are pays cash
sorgu_y= Customers #Column name
query1="SELECT * FROM Table_1 WHERE " +sorgu_y+ " LIKE ? "
print (query1)
query=(query1)
cursor.execute(query,(z,))
Don't forget input one space between the WHERE and double quotes
and between the double quotes and LIKE