Apache not redirecting https and www - apache

Question

I'm setting up a new example and putting it on a virtual host Apache server (Ubuntu 18.04). I'm having some issues with the Apache configuration because I'm not too familiar with them.
http://example.com, http://www.example.com, https://www.example.com all serve the correct website in its document root.
However, https://example.com serves the document root from main-example.org.
I have also installed an SSL certificate recently and been told to use port 443? It still comes up as "Connection not sure" so I was wondering if this were the case?
Here is the config file in apache2/sites-available:
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName main-example.org
ServerAlias www.main-example.org
ServerAdmin it#main-example.org
DocumentRoot /var/www/main-example/build
ErrorLog /var/www/main-example/error_test.log
CustomLog /var/www/main-example/access_test.log combined
<Directory "/var/www/main-example">
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
AllowOverride All
Order allow,deny
allow from all
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName example.com
ServerAlias www.example.com
ServerAdmin it#example.com
DocumentRoot /var/www/example
ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error_test.log
CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access_test.log combined
<Directory "/var/www/example">
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
AllowOverride All
Order allow,deny
allow from all
</Directory>
RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{SERVER_NAME} =example.com [OR]
RewriteCond %{SERVER_NAME} =main-example.org [OR]
RewriteCond %{SERVER_NAME} =www.main-example.org
RewriteRule ^ https://%{SERVER_NAME}%{REQUEST_URI} [END,NE,R=permanent]
</VirtualHost>
Thanks for your help!

Answer 1

http:// has a default port 80
https:// has a default port 443
Since https uses encryption, if you just put the encryption on 80, all the clients that cannot talk securely will be unable to access yous site (and you'd have to write https://www.example.com:80)
So you have to do something like this:
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName main-example.org
ServerAlias www.main-example.org
ServerAdmin it#main-example.org
DocumentRoot /var/www/main-example/build
ErrorLog /var/www/main-example/error_test.log
CustomLog /var/www/main-example/access_test.log combined
<Directory "/var/www/main-example">
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
AllowOverride All
Order allow,deny
allow from all
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName example.com
ServerAlias www.example.com
ServerAdmin it#example.com
DocumentRoot /var/www/example
ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error_test.log
CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access_test.log combined
<Directory "/var/www/example">
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
AllowOverride All
Order allow,deny
allow from all
</Directory>
RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{SERVER_NAME} =example.com [OR]
RewriteCond %{SERVER_NAME} =main-example.org [OR]
RewriteCond %{SERVER_NAME} =www.main-example.org
RewriteRule ^ https://%{SERVER_NAME}%{REQUEST_URI} [END,NE,R=permanent]
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost *:443>
ServerName main-example.org
ServerAlias www.main-example.org
ServerAdmin it#main-example.org
DocumentRoot /var/www/main-example/build
ErrorLog /var/www/main-example/error_test.log
CustomLog /var/www/main-example/access_test.log combined
<Directory "/var/www/main-example">
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
AllowOverride All
Order allow,deny
allow from all
</Directory>
SSLEngine on
#SSLCipherSuite HIGH
SSLCipherSuite ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256
SSLProtocol all -SSLv2
SSLCertificateFile "/path/to/ssl.crt"
SSLCertificateKeyFile "/path/to/ssl.k
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost *:443>
ServerName example.com
ServerAlias www.example.com
ServerAdmin it#example.com
DocumentRoot /var/www/example
ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error_test.log
CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access_test.log combined
<Directory "/var/www/example">
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
AllowOverride All
Order allow,deny
allow from all
</Directory>
SSLEngine on
#SSLCipherSuite HIGH
SSLCipherSuite ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256
SSLProtocol all -SSLv2
SSLCertificateFile "/path/to/ssl.crt"
SSLCertificateKeyFile "/path/to/ssl.key"
</VirtualHost>
essentially this means that you are serving he same folder twice. there may be some optimizations to be found.
For more protocols and their standard port numbers see https://opensource.com/article/18/10/common-network-ports or https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_TCP_and_UDP_port_numbers