Back in the day, one of the Quirks of the Macintosh OS was that files had two "forks", a "resource fork" which held resources used by software through dedicated resource APIs, and a "data fork", which held the plain old data like on other systems, including binary code, text in plain text files, etc.
A little-known feature of HFS+, introduced with Mac OS 8.1 in 1998, is that you can have any number of named forks of any file. Similar to the also little-known feature of NTFS called "ADS" (Alternate Data Streams).
From Wikipedia:
HFS Plus permits filenames up to 255 characters in length, and
n-forked files similar to NTFS, though until 2005 almost no system
software took advantage of forks other than the data fork and resource
fork
Apple doesn't seem to document the APIs for making use of those extra forks any longer.
Do we know if and when Apple officially deprecated the feature? If not, do we know when the APIs vanished from the documentation.
Back in the day, one of the Quirks of the Macintosh OS was that files had two "forks",
Quirk? Rather a well known feature.
Similar to the also little-known feature of NTFS called "ADS" (Alternate Data Streams).
It was a great way to organize Data.
Apple doesn't seem to document the APIs for making use of those extra forks any longer.
They are well documented in according Manuals - even online like here. Ofc, there is no reason to go into them since they are deprecated since 10.9 (Mavericks)
Do we know if and when Apple officially deprecated the feature?
Yes, they did, and the moment in time was October 2013 when OSX 10.9 was released.
If not, do we know when the APIs vanished from the documentation.
Still there today ... at least when looking in the appropriate API documentation for any Mac OS between 1999 (MacOS 8) and 2013.
Always look at the API for the Version used. Actual OSX does no longer encurrage its use, so not to be found there.
Related
What are the differences between the different Rebol 3 branches, especially with the new REN branch?
Is it the platforms they'll run on, the feature set, code organization, the C standard compliance?
This is an answer destined to become outdated, hence set to Community Wiki. This information is as of Sep-2015. So if updating this answer after some time has passed, please modify the date as well.
Binary download of Rebol3 from rebol.com
Last build was 5-Mar-2011 and pre-dates the open source release.
No GUI support, no HTTPS support, no serial port support, no UDP support, no smart console...
No 64-bit builds. Binaries are for Windows x86, OS/X (PPC or x86), Linux (x86 or PPC), FreeBSD x86.
While Rebol2 binaries are archived for many "esoteric" systems (BeOS, AIX, Windows DEC Alpha, QNX, Solaris...) similar binaries were not provided for Rebol3. The only "weird" build is for Amiga, and only an OS4 PowerPC Amiga. No successful builds of Rebol3 for Amiga emulators have been reported.
Open source release of Rebol3 on Github rebol/rebol
Open-sourcing was on 12-Dec-2012.
The rebol.com binary downloads were not rebuilt as part of this release. However, a community member (#earl here on SO) created a build farm at rebolsource.net that follows this GitHub master whenever it updates. Given that GitHub's rebol/rebol master hasn't been updated since March 2014, this dynamism is currently underused.
Building the source at time of release got an executable not distinguishable (?) in functionality from the builds on 5-Mar-2011. This suggests few changes to the source were made besides some cleanup and Apache-licensing edits to prepare for publication.
Minor patches and bugfixes were integrated sporadically, with most PRs sitting idle. Last PR accepted at time of writing was Mar 3, 2014, which is over a year ago.
The most noticeable "breaking" PR that did get approved was to repurpose the FUNCTION name. It was considered to be worth breaking the old arity 3 form to let the word be taken for the much more useful implementation as locals-gathering FUNCT. (This also brought Rebol in alignment with Red, whose FUNCTION is arity 2 and acts similarly.) FUNCT was kept around as-is for legacy code.
The most major non-breaking PR that was taken is probably not requiring blocks around IF, UNLESS, or EITHER bodies. This has been received well among those who know it's there, as fitting the freeform and non-boilerplate philosophy of the language. It allows some code constructs to get "prettier" and gives programmers more choice, while it doesn't seem to cause any more problems than anything else. It's certainly less of a speedbump than if [condition] [...], in fact it seems almost no one knows this feature got added, so it must not be biting anyone. (If anyone can bend ears over at Red to make sure it gets IF and IF/ONLY then that would be ideal.)
RETURN/REDO was removed. Rationale was that it permitted functions to effectively behave with variable arity, and that this was unnecessary and took terra firma away by no longer being able to predict a function's arity from its spec. Perhaps this stance warrants a second look...as Lisp users who are pressuring for the addition of Lisp-style macros seeming aren't worried about that very much. (Here in the StackExchange universe, this provoked a Programmers.SE question Would Rebol (or Red) benefit from Lisp-style Macros?, which hasn't gotten much in the way of answers yet.)
The fork by Saphirion: "Saphir"
Prior to the open-sourcing of Rebol, Saphirion AG had a special relationship with Rebol technologies. They had access to the source and were taking responsibility for most of the development work for Rebol3 GUI features. They also added several other things like HTTPS.
Saphir is available as a binary download from their website, but only provided for 32-bit Windows. There was at one time an experimental .APK for Android from Saphirion.
Some (but not all) of Saphir's source was released after the open-sourcing. Notable omissions were the android build and some Rebol3 code for encapping...a way of injecting compressed scripts and resources into binaries of the interpreter without needing to recompile it.
(Note: Under Apache2 license there is no requirement to release source code for one's derived work.)
"Community" Integration at Rebolsource on GitHub
With the GitHub rebol/rebol being held up on integrations, a fork at rebolsource/r3 was established to be a "community build" where work could be staged.
Rebolsource changes were conservative, seemingly aimed toward showing process for how GitHub's rebol/rebol might adopt changes "in the spirit in which Rebol was conceived" should that repository be delegated to the community. (For that spirit, see this.) Hence it integrated non-controversial bugfixes and tweaks, instead of large third-party cryptography libraries for implementing HTTPS. Also: no allowance for adding build dependencies besides a C compiler (no GNU autotools, for instance).
Binaries for the community build were produced on an as-needed basis for those requesting them who could not build it themselves.
Atronix Engineering's Rebol "3.0" at Github zsx/r3
Atronix is an industrial automation solutions provider that uses Rebol. How they do so is described in a video here by David den Haring, director of Engineering, and their ZOE software is built on their version of Rebol.
After the open sourcing, Atronix partnered with Saphirion to port the GUI to Linux. Atronix publishes their source publicly as it is developed, and David den Haring notes in the video above that they have only one proprietary component they developed (an industrial control driver). Other than that they are happy to share the source for all Rebol development they do.
Atronix integrated the 64-bit patches from Rebolsource, created a Windows 64-bit target, and offer up-to-date binaries of their development branch for Windows and Linux x86/x64, as well as Linux ARMv7.
Besides having the features of Saphir, the Atronix build added support for CALL with /INPUT, /OUTPUT, /ERROR. It also added a Foreign Function Interface, implementing LIBRARY!, ROUTINE! and STRUCT! for communicating with non-Rebol dynamic libraries. It brings in encapping support as well on Windows and Linux.
Rebol's "religion" was at times at odds with expedience, so the Rebol-based build process was replaced when needed by hand-edited makefiles and Visual Studio projects. The FFI library introduced a dependency on GNU autotools to build.
All Atronix builds include the GUI, so there is no "Core" build. And again, only Linux and Windows.
Ren-C
(Bias Note: This fork is the initiative #HostileFork started, knows the most about, and will speak most enthusiastically about.)
Ren-C started as an an extraction of a Core build out of Atronix's codebase. That gave it features like HTTPS, the enhanced CALL, and Foreign Function Interface to essentially all the platforms that Rebolsource was able to build for. Updates Jul/Sep-2015 Ren/C supports line continuations in the console, user infix functions, several bugfixes...
Ren-C makes large-scale changes and fixes fundamental issues in R3-Alpha, which are tracked on a Trello that provides more information. There is a new FAQ as a GitHub wiki. Critical issues like definitionally-scoped returns have been solved, with continuous work on other outstanding problems.
Though Atronix's R3/View required some additional dependencies, Ren/C pushed back to being able to be built with nothing besides a C compiler, and eliminated all handmade makefiles/projects.
Beyond Windows, Linux and Mac in both 32-bit and 64-bit variants, Ren/C has also been built for smaller players like HaikuOS and yes, even Syllable. This is interesting more for the demonstration of how broadly turnkey builds of the C89 code work (simply as make -f makefile.boot) as opposed to there being a particularly large userbase of those particular OSes!
From the point of view of language rigor, Ren/C is pushing on modern techniques. Although it can still build as C89, it can be built as C99 and C11 as well. It has also been verified to build as C++98 through C++14, and with some strategic modifications under #ifdef __cplusplus it can take advantage of modern C++ as a kind of static analysis tool over the C code. Warnings are raised, type errors all fixed up, and it's "const correct". The necessary changes were carefully considered to make Rebol's baseline C code not just more correct but cleaner and clearer source across the board.
From a point of view of C developers, Ren/C should be stable, organized, and commented enough for anyone who knows C to "modify with confidence" and try new features. That means being able to implement definitionally scoped returns (actually written, but not pushed), or try developing features like NewPath.
From a point of view of architecture, Ren/C is intended to not have an executable at all...but to be a library for embedding a Rebol interpreter into other programs. It is now the basis for Ren/C++, which was designed to anticipate working with Red as well.
From a point of view of testing, Ren/C intends to whip everything into shape for engineering rigor and zero bug tolerance. This means avoiding practices like zero-filling memory to obscure uninitialized memory accesses, using Address Sanitizer, Valgrind, and a test suite that can pass the highest settings on both.
While enabling all the extra functionality has made Ren/C's executable nearly twice the size of Rebolsource's, there's not yet been any audit to see how this can be brought down. It has been confirmed that there are duplicate copies of Zlib and PNG encoding/decoding--for instance (Saphirion included LodePNG, likely to work around a bug in the existing PNG because it was easier than fixing it...yet did not mothball the previous code). Also, being able to do a build which selectively integrates only the codecs you want to use is on the agenda.
Ren/C currently has the stakeholders from Atronix and Rebolsource participating in its development and direction, which strengthens the likelihood that it may evolve into "the" Rebol Core. It is now being linked in as the code backing Ren Garden, and using a similar approach it may be set up as the library used by Atronix's R3/View...then Rebolsource...and perhaps ultimately rebol/rebol itself.
The fork by Oldes
(Bias Note: this edit is added 28-Feb-2019 by Oldes himself)
Forked from the community branch. Main focus on keeping the code close to the original Carl's release without blindly taking everything from Atronix/Saphirion but still trying to pick-up the good things from these branches slowly.
Not like Ren-C, this version is not trying to introduce new syntax, but rather be closer to the original Rebol2 and new Red language
I need to build a fairly simple app but it needs to work on both PC and Mac.
It also needs to be redistributable on a disc or usb drive as a standalone desktop app.
Initially I thought AIR would be perfect for this (it ticks all the API requirements), but the difficulty is making it distributable, as the app would require the AIR runtime to be installed to run.
I came across Shu Player as an option as it seems to be able to package the AIR runtime with the app and do a (silent?) install.
However this seems to break the T&C from Adobe (as outlined here) so I'm not sure about the legality.
Another option could be Zinc but I haven't tested it so I'm not sure how well it'll fit the bill.
What would you recommend or suggest I check out?
Any suggestion much appreciated
EDIT:
There's a few more discussions on mono usage (though no real conclusion):
Here and Here
EDIT2:
Titanium could also fit the bill maybe, will check it out.
Any more comments from anyone?
EDIT3 (one year on): It's actually been almost a year since I posted that question but it seems some people still come across it every now and then, and even contribute an answer, even a year later.
Thought I'd update the question a bit. I did not get around to try the tcl/tk option at the end, time constraint and the uncertainty of the compatibility to different os versions led me to discard that as an option.
I did try Titanium for a bit but though the first impressions were ok, they really are pushing the mobile platform more than anything, and imho, the desktop implementation suffers a bit from that lack of attention. There are also some report of problems with some visual studio runtime on some OSs (can't remember the details now though).. So discarded that too.
I ended up going with XULRunner. The two major appeals were:
Firefox seems to work out of the box on most OS version, so I took it as good faith that a XULRunner app would likely be compatible with most system. Saved me a lot of testing and it turned out that it did run really well on all platforms, there hasn't been a single report of not being able to start the app
It's Javascript baby! Language learning curve was minimal. The main thing to work out is what the additional xpcom interfaces are and how to query them.
On the down side:
I thought troubleshooting errors was a sometimes difficult task, the venkman debugger is kinda clunky, ended up using the console more than anything.
The sqlite interface is a great asset for a desktop app but I often struggled to find relevant error infos when something didn't work - maybe i was doing it wrong.
It took a little while to work out how to package the app as a standalone app for both PC and Mac. The final approach was to have a "shell" mac app and a shell pc app and a couple of "compile" script that would copy the shells and add the custom source code onto it in the correct location.
One last potential issue for some, due to the nature of xulrunner apps, your source code will be deployed with the app, you can use obfuscation if you want but that's something to keep in mind if you want to protect your intellectual property
All in all, great platform for a cross-platform app. I'd highly recommend it.
Tcl/Tk has one of the best packaging solutions out there. You can easily wrap a cross-platform application (implemented in a fully working virtual filesystem) with a platform-specific binary to get a single file executable for just about any modern desktop system. Search google for the terms starkit, starpack and tclkit. Such wrapped binaries are tiny in comparison to many executables these days.
Many deride Tk as being "old" or "immature" but it's one of the oldest, most stable toolkits out there. It uses native widgets when such widgets exist.
One significant drawback of Tcl/Tk, however, is that it lacks any sort of printing support. If your application needs to print you'll have to be a bit creative. There are platform-specific solutions, and the ability to generate postscript documents, and libraries to create pdfs, but it takes a little extra effort.
Java is probably your best bet, although not all Windows PCs will necessarily have Java (most should). JavaFX is new enough you can't count on it - you'll probably find a lot of machines running Java 1.5 or (shudder) 1.4. I believe recent Mac OS still ships with 1.5 (latest version may have changed to 1.6).
Consider JavaFX
It would run everywhere with a modern JRE ..!
AIR could be an option, but only if you don't mind distributing two different files (the offline runtime installer and your app), and expecting the user to run one and then the other. You do have to submit an online form at Adobe's site saying you agree to distribute the offline installer as-is, rather than digging out individual DLLs or whatever, before they give you the installer.
Unfortunately there's currently no way to get both an AIR app and the runtime to install from one file though. I'm not sure what the deal with Shu is, or whether it's doing anything that isn't kosher.
i would recommended zink. it has all the functionalities you require for desktop. however, the las time i used it it was a bit glitchy.
i was hung up by trying to write a 6M file to the disk. thought it trough and changed the code to write 512K chunks at a time (3min work, fast).
probably it still has some little annoying glitches like making you think on root lvl but the ease of use and the features are just way too sweet to ignore.
I'm working on an app that needs to transfer files to an AFP volume -- ideally, it wouldn't mount the volume on OSX, since it's really unnecessary.
Looking over the AFP protocol stuff, I came across an old Carbon header file "afpDatastream.h". This used to be in the framework "AppleShareClientCore", however it's no longer there (on Leopard anyway).
Assuming this has been deprecated, does anyone know what it was replaced with?
If not, do you know the best way to work with AFP volumes in Objective-C/Carbon transparently (not mounting in OSX)?
Apple really don't want anyone to use the AppleShare frameworks. Don't expect them all to be available in Snow Leopard.
Unfortunately, this means if you really want to avoid using the built-in mounting capabilities, you'll have to implement AFP yourself, or find some 3rd party code. afpfs-ng looks like a promising source of usable code, although it's GPL and would require work to turn into a library.
I would recommend just mounting the volumes - you can do this in such a way that they do not appear on the users's desktop, so they would not even notice ;-)
What are the software/ Wiki you use to write and share your specs about the developers, testers and management?
Do you use Wiki system, and if so, what Wiki software you use?
Or do you use Sharepoint to manage and version the specs? One problem with SharePoint 2003 as specs platform is that it's very hard to collaborate among different people.
For backward compatibility sake, I would also like to have the platform able to import Microsoft Word seamlessly. And it would certainly help if the interface is similar to Microsoft Word.
Any idea?
I've used Confluence at a number of places, it's a pretty powerful wiki and very good for creating specifications that can be shared amongst various parties. See:
http://www.atlassian.com/software/confluence/
There's some more information here on the advantages of using Confluence:
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/170352/confluence-experiences
EDIT: I've updated this to deal with the Microsoft Word import feature you mentioned. Confluence supports this through the Office Connector here:
http://www.atlassian.com/software/confluence/plugins/office-connector.jsp
There's also a Sharepoint connector:
http://www.atlassian.com/software/confluence/plugins/sharepoint-connector.jsp
plus a whole bunch of plugins:
http://www.atlassian.com/software/confluence/plugins/sharepoint-connector.jsp
Some of these are user contributed also. I can't recommend Confluence enough as a commercial wiki.
I've also used JSPWiki, which is open source. it's ok but not as good as confluence, see:
http://www.jspwiki.org/
You could try Google docs - I have successfully used this in the past. It supports import / export to MS Word, and it has great support for multiple user - see http://www.brighthub.com/internet/google/articles/8236.aspx.
It supports versioning, allows you to chat with other people who are currently working on the document, and shows you a list of all the changes others have made to the document (without needing to close / reopen the document).
If you want corporate support, Google also provides that - see Google Apps for business.
We use SharePoint -- it's not ideal, but it does a decent job. If I were you, I would seriously look at getting off SharePoint 2003 and on to MOSS (SharePoint 2007). It's not perfect, but it's substantially better. Here's a little bit on using MOSS as a wiki. I think in general wiki's are a good tool for getting people up to speed on your system. We used to pass around "getting started documents" and now we have all that type of stuff in our developer portal.
Per John's comment, I looked up this feature comparison. I have to go back and look at what features I'm using that are not in WSS -- I might be paying for licenses I don't need! :)
We use email. I know it isn't elaborate, but it is easy to use. Everyone has it installed and there are no licensing issues. All spec changes are sent to an super set email distro indicating the updates and the location on the network share where the spec can be found.
We use Alfresco, in its Community version, from both its Share and Explorer web interfaces.
Quite useful, with a document library, wiki, forum and calendar.
We curently host about 1.8 Go consisting mainly in docs, versionned and sometimes automatically converted to PDF (by creating an automatic content rule).
FTP, WebDav and network share are also used to access to the same repository.
You could take a look at Microsoft Groove - the collaboration software that Microsoft bought a few years back.
It's bundled free with premium versions of Microsoft Office.
You can customize the workspace with discussion boards and can fairly seamlessly store collaboratively-edited Office documents.
We use MediaWiki for dos & specs. Wiki definitely wins anything like Microsoft Word or SharePoint - it allows you to develop a documentation in "first refer, then describe" = "divide and rule" way. Perfect for developers - they used to think the same way. The process of developing a documentation is almost ideal: you start from TOC and drill down until you write the document for every link you put earlier.
MediaWiki is quite customizable - there are lots of extensions there. The most necessary ones are:
Source code highlighter - CSO_Source
Our own templates integrating wiki with class reference.
Others are InterWiki, FileProtocolLinks, YouTube (we use customized version of it to display HD video), ReCaptcha, SpecialDeleteOldRevisions, Maintenance.
Some integration examples are here.
And we use Google issue tracker to track the issues. Its main advantages:
Imput usability: the process of adding\changing the issue is really convenient there. Earlier we tried Track Studio - the same actions require 2-3 times more time there, so it died fast simply because most of us hated to use it.
Customizable grids. See the examples. Really helpful.
Atom\RSS support. So everyone knows what's going on.
There is a Gurtle tool integrating it with TortoiseSVN. Really helpful.
Its main disadvantage is that it can't be closed from the public access. This makes it simply unusable in many cases.
If you want a UI similar to Word, why not use Word with SharePoint 2007? You're on 2003 so the experience is there. Upgrade to SharePoint 2007 and you can have the collaboration, Word features, document sharing, and so on.
This is the kind of thing Microsoft wants people to use Office for, so there's a ton of doco out there about how to configure your SharePoint and Office environment to support collaboration.
There is something that Google do in this direction and it looks really cool: wave.google.com. It would be a great step in collaboration and worth to wait it.
Here we use Google Docs it makes the documents available to everyone write or read only, public or private among people that have or not Google accounts, it also can import Word docs, not to mention that it runs directly into the browser so it has high availability with zero cost and zero setup, also its computer/OS agnostic, we have a nice experience with it.
Also perhaps you should take a look at Basecamp or Backpack at 37Signals, any of then might also fit your bill.
We use DocBook for all of our specifications (and other customer-facing documentation). DocBook is an XML format that lets you easily generate documents in just about any format, including PDF, which is how we distribute things to clients to get them signed off. We can divide a document into files (by section) and commit everything to our source control system (Subversion). Because it is all XML (i.e. text-based), Subversion's automatic merging and conflict resolution works great if two people work on the same file. We have a set of stylesheets that all of our documents use, so all documents share the exact same style/format, with no extra work on our part.
And if you don't like editing XML files directly, there are GUI front-ends that provide a reasonably WYSIWYG-like experience. I believe that most people in my office use XMLMind. Still, we happen to all be technical people so if we had to write XML directly it wouldn't be an issue.
As a sidenote, we also put out release notes. We have some XSLT that lets us write documents like this:
<bugs>
<bug id="1234" component="web">JavaScript error when clicking the Kick Me button</bug>
</bugs>
We then have a script that runs through our Subversion repository doing an svn log from the previous release tag to the current release tag, and some Bugzilla integration to automatically generate release notes on-the-fly.
(also, for most internal-only documentation, we use MediaWiki, which is also a great way to collaborate.)
We use OnTime. It was originally only used for defect tracking, but we've started using it to track features as well. These can be used to document the feature as it evolves during development. Features can be grouped together into sprints or releases, and time can be tracked against each feature. If you are using SCRUM, you can also plot burn-down charts for each sprint. It also has wiki functionality.
I want to update/upgrade the standard Leopard install of Sqlite3 to >3.5 to use the new sqlite_xxx_v2 methods from a Cocoa project.
I can't seem to find any information on how to do this. Does anyone have any tips or a site that outlines the update procedure.
Also is 3.5+ supported on the iPhone. I understand it's embedded so shouldn't be an issue...
What you want to do is grab the amalgamation sources from http://sqlite.org/download.html . Then just compile that into / add it to your project. You don't want to replace the system sqlite- that'll have unintended consequences in other applications. Plus, I'm pretty sure the system sqlite isn't a stock sqlite... Apple has probably made their own modifications to it that core data relies on.
You can read up on the amalgamation stuff here: http://sqlite.org/amalgamation.html , but in short: '''The amalgamation is a single C code file, named "sqlite3.c", that contains all C code for the core SQLite library and the FTS3 and RTREE extensions'''
I'd also suggest not using the sqlite calls directly, they weren't designed to be used that way (says the author of sqlite). Instead, there are a number of cocoa wrappers out there, including fmdb: http://code.google.com/p/flycode/source/browse/trunk/fmdb/ (which I wrote) :)
-gus
You don't really want to upgrade the system version of SQLite on Mac OS X. The reason is that all Mac OS X software is qualified against the versions of the packages that it includes, as built by Apple's build process. Installing a different version of a package, or even building the same version yourself but doing so slightly differently than Apple does, may result in a system that behaves unexpectedly.
Finally, if you embed a newer version of SQLite — or any Open Source library or framework included with Mac OS X — into your own application, you should be sure to integrate the Darwin changes for it from Apple's public source site. That way you can be sure you'll get as close to the same behavior as possible from the library you've built yourself as the version Apple ships, which is especially important when it comes to functionality like file locking in databases.
I don't believe i've updated my version, but it's currently at 3.4.2, and i'm able to use the new methods with the current version.
And i'm running 10.5.5 with the latest (public) iPhone SDK.
It would likely be easier to just drop the library into your project and link it in from there.