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I am trying to render 2D images of point clouds from different viewpoints and save them as images.
I found a code online which does the same thing but for meshes. I tweaked it a little bit to import the 3D point cloud. But the code does not work and gives back black images. Please help me with this. I am open to use another library too if you know the solution. I just want to render the 2D images. Thank You
Code:
import os.path
import math
import sys
C = bpy.context
D = bpy.data
scene = D.scenes['Scene']
# cameras: a list of camera positions
# a camera position is defined by two parameters: (theta, phi),
# where we fix the "r" of (r, theta, phi) in spherical coordinate system.
# 5 orientations: front, right, back, left, top
cameras = [
(60, 0), (60, 90), (60, 180), (60, 270),
(0, 0)
]
# 12 orientations around the object with 30-deg elevation
# cameras = [(60, i) for i in range(0, 360, 30)]
render_setting = scene.render
# output image size = (W, H)
w = 500
h = 500
render_setting.resolution_x = w
render_setting.resolution_y = h
def main():
argv = sys.argv
argv = argv[argv.index('--') + 1:]
if len(argv) != 2:
print('phong.py args: <3d mesh path> <image dir>')
exit(-1)
model = argv[0]
image_dir = argv[1]
# blender has no native support for off files
# install_off_addon()
# init_camera()
fix_camera_to_origin()
do_model(model, image_dir)
def install_off_addon():
try:
# bpy.ops.preferences.addon_install(
# overwrite=False,
# filepath=os.path.dirname(__file__) +
# '/blender-off-addon/import_off.py'
# )
bpy.ops.preferences.addon_enable(module='import_off')
except Exception as e:
print(e)
print("""Import blender-off-addon failed.
Did you pull the blender-off-addon submodule?
$ git submodule update --recursive --remote
""")
exit(-1)
def init_camera():
cam = D.objects['Camera']
# select the camera object
scene.objects.active = cam
cam.select = True
# set the rendering mode to orthogonal and scale
C.object.data.type = 'ORTHO'
C.object.data.ortho_scale = 2.
def fix_camera_to_origin():
origin_name = 'Origin'
# create origin
try:
origin = D.objects[origin_name]
except KeyError:
bpy.ops.object.empty_add(type='SPHERE')
D.objects['Empty'].name = origin_name
origin = D.objects[origin_name]
origin.location = (0, 0, 0)
cam = D.objects['Camera']
# scene.objects.active = cam
# cam.select = True
if 'Track To' not in cam.constraints:
bpy.ops.object.constraint_add(type='TRACK_TO')
cam.constraints['Track To'].target = origin
cam.constraints['Track To'].track_axis = 'TRACK_NEGATIVE_Z'
cam.constraints['Track To'].up_axis = 'UP_Y'
def do_model(path, image_dir):
name = load_model(path)
center_model(name)
normalize_model(name)
image_subdir = os.path.join(image_dir, name)
for i, c in enumerate(cameras):
move_camera(c)
render()
save(image_subdir, '%s.%d' % (name, i))
# delete_model(name)
def load_model(path):
d = os.path.dirname(path)
ext = path.split('.')[-1]
name = os.path.basename(path).split('.')[0]
# handle weird object naming by Blender for stl files
if ext == 'stl':
name = name.title().replace('_', ' ')
if name not in D.objects:
print('loading :' + name)
if ext == 'stl':
bpy.ops.import_mesh.stl(filepath=path, directory=d,
filter_glob='*.stl')
elif ext == 'off':
bpy.ops.import_mesh.off(filepath=path, filter_glob='*.off')
elif ext == 'obj':
bpy.ops.import_scene.obj(filepath=path, filter_glob='*.obj')
else:
bpy.ops.import_mesh.ply(filepath=path, filter_glob='*.ply')
return name
def delete_model(name):
for ob in scene.objects:
if ob.type == 'MESH' and ob.name.startswith(name):
ob.select = True
else:
ob.select = False
bpy.ops.object.delete()
def center_model(name):
bpy.ops.object.origin_set(type='GEOMETRY_ORIGIN')
D.objects[name].location = (0, 0, 0)
def normalize_model(name):
obj = D.objects[name]
dim = obj.dimensions
print('original dim:' + str(dim))
if max(dim) > 0:
dim = dim / max(dim)
obj.dimensions = dim
print('new dim:' + str(dim))
def move_camera(coord):
def deg2rad(deg):
return deg * math.pi / 180.
r = 3.
theta, phi = deg2rad(coord[0]), deg2rad(coord[1])
loc_x = r * math.sin(theta) * math.cos(phi)
loc_y = r * math.sin(theta) * math.sin(phi)
loc_z = r * math.cos(theta)
D.objects['Camera'].location = (loc_x, loc_y, loc_z)
def render():
bpy.ops.render.render()
def save(image_dir, name):
path = os.path.join(image_dir, name + '.png')
D.images['Render Result'].save_render(filepath=path)
print('save to ' + path)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
I want to return a dataframe from this function, which can be used elsewhere (for plotly graph to be exact).
My idea is to use the dataframe I can create with points_sum(), save it as the team name, and then use that dataframe in my px.line(dataframe = team_name).
In essence, I want to use the men_points_df variable after I created it.
def points_sum(team):
points = 0
men_points = []
for index, row in menscore_df.iterrows():
if row['hometeam'] == team:
if row['homegoals'] > row['awaygoals']:
points += 2
elif row['homegoals'] == row['awaygoals']:
points += 1
elif row['homegoals'] < row['awaygoals']:
points == points
date = str(row['date'])
men_points.append([date, points])
if row['awayteam'] == team:
if row['homegoals'] < row['awaygoals']:
points += 2
elif row['homegoals'] == row['awaygoals']:
points += 1
elif row['homegoals'] > row['awaygoals']:
points == points
date = str(row['date'])
men_points.append([date, points])
men_points_df = pd.DataFrame(men_points, columns = ["Date", 'Points'])
return men_points_df
In plotly, I am trying to use my new dataframe (men_points_df), like below, but I get the error undefined name, even though I can print it (for example: test = points_sum("FIF") (FIF is one of the team names) and it shows the correct dataframe in the console (when I type test):
elif pathname == "/page-3":
return [html.H1('Seasonal performance',
style={'textAlign':'center'}),
html.Div(
children=[
html.H2('Select team',style={'textAlign':'center'}),
html.Br(),
html.Br(),
dcc.Dropdown(
id='team_dd',
options=[{'label': v, 'value': k} for k,v in teams_all.items()],
)]),
dcc.Graph(id="performance_graph")
]
Output(component_id="performance_graph", component_property="figure"),
Input(component_id="team_dd", component_property="value")
def update_graph(option_selected):
title = "none selected"
if option_selected:
title = option_selected
line_fig = px.line(
test, # <------------ THIS IS THE ISSUE
title = f"{title}",
x = "Date", y = "Points")
return line_fig
Just call points_sum in the update_graph function, before you use test:
def update_graph(option_selected):
title = "none selected"
if option_selected:
title = option_selected
# vvv Here vvv
test = points_sum("FIF")
line_fig = px.line(
test, #THIS IS THE ISSUE
title = f"{title}",
x = "Date", y = "Points")
return line_fig
I am having trouble appending and deleting rows. My table changes a lot and must be rebuilt often so this has been a little tricky. All of my information comes from an SQL database. I am loading the results into a pandas DataFrame and then using it to populate the GridTableBase class. I am now trying to Append and Delete rows, but am having trouble overriding the class. I have been able to somewhat get it to work, but it behaves weird. For some reason, self.table.AppendRows(row) doesn't work and throws an error. The original was self.table.AppendRow(row), but AppendRow isn't a method. So I had to use a different method. I have to change a value in order to get the GridTableMessage to realize there has been a change, which is what I am doing here data.iloc[data.shape[0]-1,0] = str(val)
Ideally, I would add/delete the row from the table itself, but I can't figure out how to do that. I have derived most of my code from here https://github.com/wxWidgets/Phoenix/blob/master/demo/Grid_MegaExample.py but a lot of that will not work properly for me.
As of now, I can append a row, but for some reason, it appends 2 even though only one has been added to the DataFrame and GetNumberRows is returning the correct count. I assume it has something to do with the way I am accessing the table class. Can anyone provide some clarity?
def rowPopup(self, row, evt):
"""(row, evt) -> display a popup menu when a row label is right clicked"""
appendID = wx.Window.NewControlId()#wx.NewId()
deleteID = wx.Window.NewControlId()#wx.NewId()
x = self.GetRowSize(row)/2
if not self.GetSelectedRows():
self.SelectRow(row)
menu = wx.Menu()
xo, yo = evt.GetPosition()
menu.Append(appendID, "Append Row")
menu.Append(deleteID, "Delete Row(s)")
def append(event, self=self, row=row):#event, self=self, row=row
global data
#print("Append")
#self.table.AppendRows(row)
dlg = wx.TextEntryDialog(self,'Enter a new Key ID to insert into the ' + str("'") + data.columns[0] + str("'") + ' column.', 'Insert New Record')
dlg.SetValue("")
if dlg.ShowModal() == wx.ID_OK:
#print('You entered: %s\n' % dlg.GetValue())
val = dlg.GetValue()
#data[~pd.isnull(data).all(1)].fillna('')
#data['tables_id'].apply('(g)'.format)
data.loc[data.iloc[-1].name + 1,:] = ""
data.iloc[data.shape[0]-1,0] = str(val)
self.Reset()
#print(data)
#data = data.append(pd.Series(dtype='object'), ignore_index=True)
#self.data = DataTable(data)
#data[~pd.isnull(data).all(1)].fillna('')
#self.data = DataTable(data)
def delete(event, self=self, row=row):#event, self=self, row=row
global data
rows = self.GetSelectedRows()
data.drop(data.index[rows],inplace=True)
print (data)
self.Reset()
#self.table.DeleteRow(row)
#print(row)
#print(rows)
#EVT_MENU(self, appendID, append)
#EVT_MENU(self, deleteID, delete)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, append, id=appendID)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, delete, id=deleteID)
self.PopupMenu(menu, wx.Point(round(x), round(yo)))
menu.Destroy()
class DataTable(gridlib.GridTableBase):
def __init__(self, data):
gridlib.GridTableBase.__init__(self)
self.headerRows = 1
if data is None:
data = pd.DataFrame()
self.data = data
print("Instance")
#Store the row and col length to see if table has changed in size
self._rows = self.GetNumberRows()
self._cols = self.GetNumberCols()
self.odd=gridlib.GridCellAttr()
self.odd.SetBackgroundColour((217,217,217))
self.even=gridlib.GridCellAttr()
self.even.SetBackgroundColour((255,255,255))
def GetAttr(self, row, col, kind):
attr = [self.even, self.odd][row % 2]
attr.IncRef()
return attr
def GetNumberRows(self):
#print("# Rows:",len(self.data))
return len(self.data)# - 1
def GetTypeName(self, row, col):
#print(wx.grid.GRID_VALUE_STRING)
return wx.grid.GRID_VALUE_STRING
def GetNumberCols(self):
#print("# Cols:",len(self.data.columns)+ 1)
return len(self.data.columns) + 1
#return len(self.data.columns) #+ 1
def IsEmptyCell(self, row, col):
return False
def GetValue(self, row, col):
if col == 0:
try:
return self.data.index[row]
except:
print("Row,Col(",row,col,")","OOB")
return ""
else:
try:
return str(self.data.iloc[row, col - 1])
except:
print("Row,Col(",row,col,")","OOB")
return ""
def GetColLabelValue(self, col):
if col == 0:
if self.data.index.name is None:
return 'Index'
else:
return self.data.index.name
return self.data.columns[col - 1]
def ResetView(self, grid):
"""
(wxGrid) -> Reset the grid view. Call this to
update the grid if rows and columns have been added or deleted
"""
print('Old::' , self._rows, self._cols)
print('New::' , self.GetNumberRows(),self.GetNumberCols())
print(data)
grid.BeginBatch()
for current, new, delmsg, addmsg in [
(self._rows, self.GetNumberRows(), gridlib.GRIDTABLE_NOTIFY_ROWS_DELETED, gridlib.GRIDTABLE_NOTIFY_ROWS_APPENDED),
(self._cols, self.GetNumberCols(), gridlib.GRIDTABLE_NOTIFY_COLS_DELETED, gridlib.GRIDTABLE_NOTIFY_COLS_APPENDED),
]:
if new < current:
msg = gridlib.GridTableMessage(self,delmsg,new,current-new)
#grid.ProcessTableMessage(msg)
self.GetView().ProcessTableMessage(msg)
print("OvN:",self._rows,self.GetNumberRows())
return True
if new > current:
msg = gridlib.GridTableMessage(self,addmsg,new-current)
self.GetView().ProcessTableMessage(msg)
grid.ProcessTableMessage(msg)
#self.UpdateValues(grid)
msg = gridlib.GridTableMessage(self, gridlib.GRIDTABLE_REQUEST_VIEW_GET_VALUES)
grid.ProcessTableMessage(msg)
print("OvN:",self._rows,self.GetNumberRows())
grid.EndBatch()
self._rows = self.GetNumberRows()
self._cols = self.GetNumberCols()
# update the column rendering plugins
#self._updateColAttrs(grid)
# XXX
# Okay, this is really stupid, we need to "jiggle" the size
# to get the scrollbars to recalibrate when the underlying
# grid changes.
h,w = grid.GetSize()
grid.SetSize((h+1, w))
grid.SetSize((h, w))
grid.ForceRefresh()
def UpdateValues(self, grid):#self, grid
"""Update all displayed values"""
# This sends an event to the grid table to update all of the values
msg = gridlib.GridTableMessage(self, gridlib.GRIDTABLE_REQUEST_VIEW_GET_VALUES)
grid.table.ProcessTableMessage(msg)
class DataGrid(gridlib.Grid):
def __init__(self, parent, data, lc, tc): # data
gridlib.Grid.__init__(self, parent, - 1) #,colnames,-1 # data
self.lc = lc
self.tc = tc
self.table = DataTable(data)
self.SetTable(self.table, True)
self.Bind(gridlib.EVT_GRID_LABEL_RIGHT_CLICK, self.OnLabelRightClicked)
self.Bind(gridlib.EVT_GRID_CELL_RIGHT_CLICK, self.OnCellRightClick)
self.Bind(gridlib.EVT_GRID_CELL_CHANGED, self.onCellChanged) #wx.grid
def Reset(self):
"""reset the view based on the data in the table. Call
this when rows are added or destroyed"""
self.table.ResetView(self)
def OnCellRightClick(self, event):
print ("OnCellRightClick: (%d,%d)\n" % (event.GetRow(), event.GetCol()))
def OnLabelRightClicked(self, evt):
row, col = evt.GetRow(), evt.GetCol()
if row == -1: print("col")#self.colPopup(col, evt)
elif col == -1: self.rowPopup(row, evt)
def rowPopup(self, row, evt):
"""(row, evt) -> display a popup menu when a row label is right clicked"""
appendID = wx.Window.NewControlId()#wx.NewId()
deleteID = wx.Window.NewControlId()#wx.NewId()
x = self.GetRowSize(row)/2
if not self.GetSelectedRows():
self.SelectRow(row)
menu = wx.Menu()
xo, yo = evt.GetPosition()
menu.Append(appendID, "Append Row")
menu.Append(deleteID, "Delete Row(s)")
def append(event, self=self, row=row):#event, self=self, row=row
global data
#print("Append")
#self.table.AppendRows(row)
dlg = wx.TextEntryDialog(self,'Enter a new Key ID to insert into the ' + str("'") + data.columns[0] + str("'") + ' column.', 'Insert New Record')
dlg.SetValue("")
if dlg.ShowModal() == wx.ID_OK:
val = dlg.GetValue()
#data[~pd.isnull(data).all(1)].fillna('')
#data['tables_id'].apply('(g)'.format)
data.loc[data.iloc[-1].name + 1,:] = ""
data.iloc[data.shape[0]-1,0] = str(val)
self.Reset()
#print(data)
#self.data = DataTable(data)
def delete(event, self=self, row=row):#event, self=self, row=row
global data
rows = self.GetSelectedRows()
data.drop(data.index[rows],inplace=True)
print (data)
self.Reset()
self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, append, id=appendID)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, delete, id=deleteID)
self.PopupMenu(menu, wx.Point(round(x), round(yo)))
menu.Destroy()
class MainFrame(wx.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent, data): # (self, parent, data):
wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, -1, "Varkey Foundation") #, size=(640,480))
#Create a panel
self.p = wx.Panel(self)
self.Maximize(True)
#Create blank dataframe
data = pd.DataFrame() #pd.DataFrame(np.random.randint(0,100,size=(200, 5)),columns=list('EFGHD')
#data.reset_index(drop=True, inplace=True)
self.data = DataTable(data)
self.nb = wx.Notebook(self.p)
self.p.SetBackgroundColour( wx.Colour( 0, 0, 0 ) ) # 38,38,38
self.nb.SetBackgroundColour(wx.Colour(58, 56, 56) )
#self.SetBackgroundColour( wx.Colour( 255, 255, 56 ) )
#create the page windows as children of the notebook
self.page1 = PageOne(self.nb)
self.page2 = PageTwo(self.nb)
self.page3 = PageThree(self.nb)
# add the pages to the notebook with the label to show on the tab
self.nb.AddPage(self.page1, "Data")
self.nb.AddPage(self.page2, "Analyze")
self.nb.AddPage(self.page3, "Change Log")
#CreateFonts
self.b_font = wx.Font(14,wx.ROMAN,wx.NORMAL,wx.BOLD, True)
self.lbl_font = wx.Font(14,wx.ROMAN,wx.NORMAL,wx.NORMAL, True)
self.cb_font = wx.Font(11,wx.SCRIPT,wx.ITALIC,wx.NORMAL, True)
self.h_font = wx.Font(18,wx.DECORATIVE,wx.ITALIC,wx.BOLD, True)
#Create username textcontrol <<<<<<<<<<<< Passed to grid class
self.tc_user =wx.TextCtrl(self.p,value='cmccall95',size = (130,25))
self.tc_password =wx.TextCtrl(self.p,value='Achilles95', style=wx.TE_PASSWORD | wx.TE_PROCESS_ENTER,size = (130,25))
self.tc_password.Bind(wx.EVT_TEXT_ENTER,self.onLogin)
self.tc_user.SetFont(self.cb_font)
self.tc_password.SetFont(self.cb_font)
#Create Change log lstCtrl <<<<<<<<<<<< Passed to grid class
self.lc_change = wx.ListCtrl(self.p,-1,style = wx.TE_MULTILINE | wx.LC_REPORT | wx.LC_VRULES)
self.lc_change.InsertColumn(0,"User ID")
self.lc_change.InsertColumn(1,"Status")
self.lc_change.InsertColumn(2,"Description")
self.lc_change.InsertColumn(3,"Date/Time")
#Set column widths
self.lc_change.SetColumnWidth(0, 75)
self.lc_change.SetColumnWidth(1, 75)
self.lc_change.SetColumnWidth(2, 450)
self.lc_change.SetColumnWidth(3, 125)
#Create the grid and continue layout
self.grid = DataGrid(self.page1, data, self.lc_change, self.tc_user)
#More layout code...
def onLoadNewData(self, event): #This is how I'm replacing the data in my table class
global data
self.Freeze()
if self.combo_table.GetValue():
#Connect to db
self.connect_mysql()
#Determine db table
self.getTable()
#Get new data
sql_query = "SELECT * FROM " + tbl
self.cursor.execute(sql_query)
temp = pd.read_sql(sql_query, con=self.db_con)
temp.reset_index(drop=True, inplace=True)
data = temp[~pd.isnull(temp).all(1)].fillna('')
#Create title #if data:
if not data.empty:
self.title.SetLabel(str(self.combo_table.GetValue()))
print(str(self.combo_table.GetValue()))
self.grid.Destroy()
self.grid = DataGrid(self.page1, data, self.lc_change, self.tc_user)
#self.grid.HideCol(0)
self.grid.AutoSizeColumns()
#Insert grid into existing sizer
self.p1_sizer.Insert(1,self.grid,1,wx.RIGHT| wx.LEFT|wx.EXPAND, 20)
self.p1_sizer.Layout()
#RESIZE
else:
print("Error:Dataframe is empty")
self.close_connection()
else:
print('CANT BE BLANK')
self.Thaw()
if __name__ == '__main__':
import sys
app = wx.App()
frame = MainFrame(None, sys.stdout) # (None, sys.stdout)
frame.Show(True)
app.MainLoop()
In my other question, some of the posters asked to see the code and suggested I make a new question. As requested, here is most of the code I'm using. I've removed the Vector class, simply because it's a lot of code. It's well-understood math that I got from someone else (https://gist.github.com/mcleonard/5351452), and cProfile didn't have much to say about any of the functions there. I've provided a link in the code, if you want to make this run-able.
This code should run, if you paste the the vector class where indicated in the code.
The problem is, once I get above 20 critters, the framerate drops rapidly from 60fps to 11fps around 50 critters.
Please excuse the spaghetti-code. Much of this is diagnostic kludging or pre-code that I intend to either remove, or turn into a behavior (instead of a hard-coded value).
This app is basically composed of 4 objects.
A Vector object provides abstracted vector operations.
A Heat Block is able to track it's own "heat" level, increase it and decrease it. It can also draw itself.
A Heat Map is composed of heat blocks which are tiled across the screen. When given coordinates, it can choose the block that those coordinates fall within.
A Critter has many features that make it able to wander around the screen, bump off of the walls and other critters, choose a new random direction, and die.
The main loop iterates through each critter in the "flock" and updates its "condition" (whether or not it's "dying"), its location, its orientation, and the heat block on which it is currently standing. The loop also iterates over each heat block to let it "cool down."
Then the main loop asks the heat map to draw itself, and then each critter in the flock to draw itself.
import pygame
from pygame import gfxdraw
import pygame.locals
import os
import math
import random
import time
(I got a nice vector class from someone else. It's large, and mostly likely not the problem.)
(INSERT CONTENTS OF VECTOR.PY FROM https://gist.github.com/mcleonard/5351452 HERE)
pygame.init()
#some global constants
BLUE = (0, 0, 255)
WHITE = (255,255,255)
diagnostic = False
SPAWN_TIME = 1 #number of seconds between creating new critters
FLOCK_LIMIT = 30 #number of critters at which the flock begins being culled
GUIDs = [0] #list of guaranteed unique IDs for identifying each critter
# Set the position of the OS window
position = (30, 30)
os.environ['SDL_VIDEO_WINDOW_POS'] = str(position[0]) + "," + str(position[1])
# Set the position, width and height of the screen [width, height]
size_x = 1000
size_y = 500
size = (size_x, size_y)
FRAMERATE = 60
SECS_FOR_DYING = 1
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(size)
screen.set_alpha(None)
pygame.display.set_caption("My Game")
# Used to manage how fast the screen updates
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
def random_float(lower, upper):
num = random.randint(lower*1000, upper*1000)
return num/1000
def new_GUID():
num = GUIDs[-1]
num = num + 1
while num in GUIDs:
num += 1
GUIDs.append(num)
return num
class HeatBlock:
def __init__(self,_tlx,_tly,h,w):
self.tlx = int(_tlx)
self.tly = int(_tly)
self.height = int(h)+1
self.width = int(w)
self.heat = 255.0
self.registered = False
def register_tresspasser(self):
self.registered = True
self.heat = max(self.heat - 1, 0)
def cool_down(self):
if not self.registered:
self.heat = min(self.heat + 0.1, 255)
self.registered = False
def hb_draw_self(self):
screen.fill((255,int(self.heat),int(self.heat)), [self.tlx, self.tly, self.width, self.height])
class HeatMap:
def __init__(self, _h, _v):
self.h_freq = _h #horizontal frequency
self.h_rez = size_x/self.h_freq #horizontal resolution
self.v_freq = _v #vertical frequency
self.v_rez = size_y/self.v_freq #vertical resolution
self.blocks = []
def make_map(self):
h_size = size_x/self.h_freq
v_size = size_y/self.v_freq
for h_count in range(0, self.h_freq):
TLx = h_count * h_size #TopLeft corner, x
col = []
for v_count in range(0, self.v_freq):
TLy = v_count * v_size #TopLeft corner, y
col.append(HeatBlock(TLx,TLy,v_size,h_size))
self.blocks.append(col)
def hm_draw_self(self):
for col in self.blocks:
for block in col:
block.cool_down()
block.hb_draw_self()
def register(self, x, y):
#convert the given coordinates of the trespasser into a col/row block index
col = max(int(math.floor(x / self.h_rez)),0)
row = max(int(math.floor(y / self.v_rez)),0)
self.blocks[col][row].register_tresspasser()
class Critter:
def __init__(self):
self.color = (random.randint(1, 200), random.randint(1, 200), random.randint(1, 200))
self.linear_speed = random_float(20, 100)
self.radius = int(round(10 * (100/self.linear_speed)))
self.angular_speed = random_float(0.1, 2)
self.x = int(random.randint(self.radius*2, size_x - (self.radius*2)))
self.y = int(random.randint(self.radius*2, size_y - (self.radius*2)))
self.orientation = Vector(0, 1).rotate(random.randint(-180, 180))
self.sensor = Vector(0, 20)
self.sensor_length = 20
self.new_orientation = self.orientation
self.draw_bounds = False
self.GUID = new_GUID()
self.condition = 0 #0 = alive, [1-fps] = dying, >fps = dead
self.delete_me = False
def c_draw_self(self):
#if we're alive and not dying, draw our normal self
if self.condition == 0:
#diagnostic
if self.draw_bounds:
pygame.gfxdraw.rectangle(screen, [int(self.x), int(self.y), 1, 1], BLUE)
temp = self.orientation * (self.linear_speed * 20)
pygame.gfxdraw.line(screen, int(self.x), int(self.y), int(self.x + temp[0]), int(self.y + temp[1]), BLUE)
#if there's a new orientation, match it gradually
temp = self.new_orientation * self.linear_speed
#draw my body
pygame.gfxdraw.aacircle(screen, int(self.x), int(self.y), self.radius, self.color)
#draw a line indicating my new direction
pygame.gfxdraw.line(screen, int(self.x), int(self.y), int(self.x + temp[0]), int(self.y + temp[1]), BLUE)
#draw my sensor (a line pointing forward)
self.sensor = self.orientation.normalize() * self.sensor_length
pygame.gfxdraw.line(screen, int(self.x), int(self.y), int(self.x + self.sensor[0]), int(self.y + self.sensor[1]), BLUE)
#otherwise we're dying, draw our dying animation
elif 1 <= self.condition <= FRAMERATE*SECS_FOR_DYING:
#draw some lines in a spinningi circle
for num in range(0,10):
line = Vector(0, 1).rotate((num*(360/10))+(self.condition*23))
line = line*self.radius
pygame.gfxdraw.line(screen, int(self.x), int(self.y), int(self.x+line[0]), int(self.y+line[1]), self.color)
def print_self(self):
#diagnostic
print("==============")
print("radius:", self.radius)
print("color:", self.color)
print("linear_speed:", self.linear_speed)
print("angular_speed:", self.angular_speed)
print("x:", self.x)
print("y:", int(self.y))
print("orientation:", self.orientation)
def avoid_others(self, _flock):
for _critter in _flock:
#if the critter isn't ME...
if _critter.GUID is not self.GUID and _critter.condition == 0:
#and it's touching me...
if self.x - _critter.x <= self.radius + _critter.radius:
me = Vector(self.x, int(self.y))
other_guy = Vector(_critter.x, _critter.y)
distance = me - other_guy
#give me new orientation that's away from the other guy
if distance.norm() <= ((self.radius) + (_critter.radius)):
new_direction = me - other_guy
self.orientation = self.new_orientation = new_direction.normalize()
def update_location(self, elapsed):
boundary = '?'
while boundary != 'X':
boundary = self.out_of_bounds()
if boundary == 'N':
self.orientation = self.new_orientation = Vector(0, 1).rotate(random.randint(-20, 20))
self.y = (self.radius) + 2
elif boundary == 'S':
self.orientation = self.new_orientation = Vector(0,-1).rotate(random.randint(-20, 20))
self.y = (size_y - (self.radius)) - 2
elif boundary == 'E':
self.orientation = self.new_orientation = Vector(-1,0).rotate(random.randint(-20, 20))
self.x = (size_x - (self.radius)) - 2
elif boundary == 'W':
self.orientation = self.new_orientation = Vector(1,0).rotate(random.randint(-20, 20))
self.x = (self.radius) + 2
point = Vector(self.x, self.y)
self.x, self.y = (point + (self.orientation * (self.linear_speed*(elapsed/1000))))
boundary = self.out_of_bounds()
def update_orientation(self, elapsed):
#randomly choose a new direction, from time to time
if random.randint(0, 100) > 98:
self.choose_new_orientation()
difference = self.orientation.argument() - self.new_orientation.argument()
self.orientation = self.orientation.rotate((difference * (self.angular_speed*(elapsed/1000))))
def still_alive(self, elapsed):
return_value = True #I am still alive
if self.condition == 0:
return_value = True
elif self.condition <= FRAMERATE*SECS_FOR_DYING:
self.condition = self.condition + (elapsed/17)
return_value = True
if self.condition > FRAMERATE*SECS_FOR_DYING:
return_value = False
return return_value
def choose_new_orientation(self):
if self.new_orientation:
if (self.orientation.argument() - self.new_orientation.argument()) < 5:
rotation = random.randint(-300, 300)
self.new_orientation = self.orientation.rotate(rotation)
def out_of_bounds(self):
if self.x >= (size_x - (self.radius)):
return 'E'
elif self.y >= (size_y - (self.radius)):
return 'S'
elif self.x <= (0 + (self.radius)):
return 'W'
elif self.y <= (0 + (self.radius)):
return 'N'
else:
return 'X'
# -------- Main Program Loop -----------
# generate critters
flock = [Critter()]
# generate heat map
heatMap = HeatMap(60, 40)
heatMap.make_map()
# set some settings
last_spawn = time.clock()
run_time = time.perf_counter()
frame_count = 0
max_time = 0
ms_elapsed = 1
avg_fps = [1]
# Loop until the user clicks the close button.
done = False
while not done:
# --- Main event loop only processes one event
frame_count = frame_count + 1
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
done = True
# --- Game logic should go here
#check if it's time to make another critter
if time.clock() - last_spawn > SPAWN_TIME:
flock.append(Critter())
last_spawn = time.clock()
if len(flock) >= FLOCK_LIMIT:
#if we're over the flock limit, cull the herd
counter = FLOCK_LIMIT
for critter in flock[0:len(flock)-FLOCK_LIMIT]:
#this code allows a critter to be "dying" for a while, to play an animation
if critter.condition == 0:
critter.condition = 1
elif not critter.still_alive(ms_elapsed):
critter.delete_me = True
counter = 0
#delete all the critters that have finished dying
while counter < len(flock):
if flock[counter].delete_me:
del flock[counter]
else:
counter = counter+1
#----loop on all critters once, doing all functions for each critter
for critter in flock:
if critter.condition == 0:
critter.avoid_others(flock)
if critter.condition == 0:
heatMap.register(critter.x, critter.y)
critter.update_location(ms_elapsed)
critter.update_orientation(ms_elapsed)
if diagnostic:
critter.print_self()
#----alternately, loop for each function. Speed seems to be similar either way
#for critter in flock:
# if critter.condition == 0:
# critter.update_location(ms_elapsed)
#for critter in flock:
# if critter.condition == 0:
# critter.update_orientation(ms_elapsed)
# --- Screen-clearing code goes here
# Here, we clear the screen to white. Don't put other drawing commands
screen.fill(WHITE)
# --- Drawing code should go here
#draw the heat_map
heatMap.hm_draw_self()
for critter in flock:
critter.c_draw_self()
#draw the framerate
myfont = pygame.font.SysFont("monospace", 15)
#average the framerate over 60 frames
temp = sum(avg_fps)/float(len(avg_fps))
text = str(round(((1/temp)*1000),0))+"FPS | "+str(len(flock))+" Critters"
label = myfont.render(text, 1, (0, 0, 0))
screen.blit(label, (5, 5))
# --- Go ahead and update the screen with what we've drawn.
pygame.display.update()
# --- Limit to 60 frames per second
#only run for 30 seconds
if time.perf_counter()-run_time >= 30:
done = True
#limit to 60fps
#add this frame's time to the list
avg_fps.append(ms_elapsed)
#remove any old frames
while len(avg_fps) > 60:
del avg_fps[0]
ms_elapsed = clock.tick(FRAMERATE)
#track longest frame
if ms_elapsed > max_time:
max_time = ms_elapsed
#print some stats once the program is finished
print("Count:", frame_count)
print("Max time since last flip:", str(max_time)+"ms")
print("Total Time:", str(int(time.perf_counter()-run_time))+"s")
print("Average time for a flip:", str(int(((time.perf_counter()-run_time)/frame_count)*1000))+"ms")
# Close the window and quit.
pygame.quit()
One thing you can already do to improve the performance is to use pygame.math.Vector2 instead of your Vector class, because it's implemented in C and therefore faster. Before I switched to pygame's vector class, I could have ~50 critters on the screen before the frame rate dropped below 60, and after the change up to ~100.
pygame.math.Vector2 doesn't have that argument method, so you need to extract it from the class and turn it into a function:
def argument(vec):
""" Returns the argument of the vector, the angle clockwise from +y."""
arg_in_rad = math.acos(Vector(0,1)*vec/vec.length())
arg_in_deg = math.degrees(arg_in_rad)
if vec.x < 0:
return 360 - arg_in_deg
else:
return arg_in_deg
And change .norm() to .length() everywhere in the program.
Also, define the font object (myfont) before the while loop. That's only a minor improvement, but every frame counts.
Another change that made a significant improvement was to streamline my collision-detection algorithm.
Formerly, I had been looping through every critter in the flock, and measuring the distance between it and every other critter in the flock. If that distance was small enough, I do something. That's n^2 checks, which is not awesome.
I'd thought about using a quadtree, but it didn't seem efficient to rebalance the whole tree every frame, because it will change every time a critter moves.
Well, I finally actually tried it, and it turns out that building a brand-new quadtree at the beginning of each frame is actually plenty fast. Once I have the tree, I pass it to the avoidance function where I just extract an intersection of any of the critters in that tree within a bounding box I care about. Then I just iterate on those neighbors to measure distances and update directions and whatnot.
Now I'm up to 150 or so critters before I start dropping frames (up from 40).
So the moral of the story is, trust evidence instead of intuition.
The following code snippet is from a python poker server. The program works except when trying to delay the start of a tourney when a reactor.callLater is used.
The variable "wait" gets its integer from an xml file which has a setting of "60". However the delay is never implemented and the tourney always starts immediately. I am not very familiar with python or twisted just trying to hack this into working for me. One thing however from my perspective is it seems that it shouldn't work given that I can't see how or where the variable "old_state" gets its value in order for the code to properly determine the states of the server. But perhaps I am mistaken.
I hope that someone familiar with python and twisted can see what the problem might be and be willing to enlighten me on this issue.
elif old_state == TOURNAMENT_STATE_REGISTERING and new_state == TOURNAMENT_STATE_RUNNING:
self.databaseEvent(event = PacketPokerMonitorEvent.TOURNEY_START, param1 = tourney.serial)
reactor.callLater(0.01, self.tourneyBroadcastStart, tourney.serial)
# Only obey extra_wait_tourney_start if we had been registering and are now running,
# since we only want this behavior before the first deal.
wait = int(self.delays.get('extra_wait_tourney_start', 0))
if wait > 0:
reactor.callLater(wait, self.tourneyDeal, tourney)
else:
self.tourneyDeal(tourney)
For reference I have placed the larger portion of the code that is relative to the problem.
def spawnTourneyInCore(self, tourney_map, tourney_serial, schedule_serial, currency_serial, prize_currency):
tourney_map['start_time'] = int(tourney_map['start_time'])
if tourney_map['sit_n_go'] == 'y':
tourney_map['register_time'] = int(seconds()) - 1
else:
tourney_map['register_time'] = int(tourney_map.get('register_time', 0))
tourney = PokerTournament(dirs = self.dirs, **tourney_map)
tourney.serial = tourney_serial
tourney.verbose = self.verbose
tourney.schedule_serial = schedule_serial
tourney.currency_serial = currency_serial
tourney.prize_currency = prize_currency
tourney.bailor_serial = tourney_map['bailor_serial']
tourney.player_timeout = int(tourney_map['player_timeout'])
tourney.via_satellite = int(tourney_map['via_satellite'])
tourney.satellite_of = int(tourney_map['satellite_of'])
tourney.satellite_of, reason = self.tourneySatelliteLookup(tourney)
tourney.satellite_player_count = int(tourney_map['satellite_player_count'])
tourney.satellite_registrations = []
tourney.callback_new_state = self.tourneyNewState
tourney.callback_create_game = self.tourneyCreateTable
tourney.callback_game_filled = self.tourneyGameFilled
tourney.callback_destroy_game = self.tourneyDestroyGame
tourney.callback_move_player = self.tourneyMovePlayer
tourney.callback_remove_player = self.tourneyRemovePlayer
tourney.callback_cancel = self.tourneyCancel
if not self.schedule2tourneys.has_key(schedule_serial):
self.schedule2tourneys[schedule_serial] = []
self.schedule2tourneys[schedule_serial].append(tourney)
self.tourneys[tourney.serial] = tourney
return tourney
def deleteTourney(self, tourney):
if self.verbose > 2:
self.message("deleteTourney: %d" % tourney.serial)
self.schedule2tourneys[tourney.schedule_serial].remove(tourney)
if len(self.schedule2tourneys[tourney.schedule_serial]) <= 0:
del self.schedule2tourneys[tourney.schedule_serial]
del self.tourneys[tourney.serial]
def tourneyResumeAndDeal(self, tourney):
self.tourneyBreakResume(tourney)
self.tourneyDeal(tourney)
def tourneyNewState(self, tourney, old_state, new_state):
cursor = self.db.cursor()
updates = [ "state = '" + new_state + "'" ]
if old_state != TOURNAMENT_STATE_BREAK and new_state == TOURNAMENT_STATE_RUNNING:
updates.append("start_time = %d" % tourney.start_time)
sql = "update tourneys set " + ", ".join(updates) + " where serial = " + str(tourney.serial)
if self.verbose > 2:
self.message("tourneyNewState: " + sql)
cursor.execute(sql)
if cursor.rowcount != 1:
self.error("modified %d rows (expected 1): %s " % ( cursor.rowcount, sql ))
cursor.close()
if new_state == TOURNAMENT_STATE_BREAK:
# When we are entering BREAK state for the first time, which
# should only occur here in the state change operation, we
# send the PacketPokerTableTourneyBreakBegin. Note that this
# code is here and not in tourneyBreakCheck() because that
# function is called over and over again, until the break
# finishes. Note that tourneyBreakCheck() also sends a
# PacketPokerGameMessage() with the time remaining, too.
secsLeft = tourney.remainingBreakSeconds()
if secsLeft == None:
# eek, should I really be digging down into tourney's
# member variables in this next assignment?
secsLeft = tourney.breaks_duration
resumeTime = seconds() + secsLeft
for gameId in map(lambda game: game.id, tourney.games):
table = self.getTable(gameId)
table.broadcast(PacketPokerTableTourneyBreakBegin(game_id = gameId, resume_time = resumeTime))
self.tourneyBreakCheck(tourney)
elif old_state == TOURNAMENT_STATE_BREAK and new_state == TOURNAMENT_STATE_RUNNING:
wait = int(self.delays.get('extra_wait_tourney_break', 0))
if wait > 0:
reactor.callLater(wait, self.tourneyResumeAndDeal, tourney)
else:
self.tourneyResumeAndDeal(tourney)
elif old_state == TOURNAMENT_STATE_REGISTERING and new_state == TOURNAMENT_STATE_RUNNING:
self.databaseEvent(event = PacketPokerMonitorEvent.TOURNEY_START, param1 = tourney.serial)
reactor.callLater(0.01, self.tourneyBroadcastStart, tourney.serial)
# Only obey extra_wait_tourney_start if we had been registering and are now running,
# since we only want this behavior before the first deal.
wait = int(self.delays.get('extra_wait_tourney_start', 0))
if wait > 0:
reactor.callLater(wait, self.tourneyDeal, tourney)
else:
self.tourneyDeal(tourney)
elif new_state == TOURNAMENT_STATE_RUNNING:
self.tourneyDeal(tourney)
elif new_state == TOURNAMENT_STATE_BREAK_WAIT:
self.tourneyBreakWait(tourney)
I have discovered that this code has several imported files that were in another directory that I did not examine. I also made a false assumption of the purpose of this code block. I expected the function to be arbitrary and delay each tourney by n seconds but in practice it implements the delay only when a player forgets about the game and does not show up for it. These facts were made clear once I examined the proper files. Lesson learned. Look at all the imports!