I have defined a variable in sql script as below:
DEFINE USER_NAME="TEST_DB";
DEFINE PASSWORD="abc";
Now in my script I have few sql statement where I can use above variable with &USER_NAME and it's serve my purpose.
Now I have PL SQL block also:
DECLARE
BEGIN
CONST_MASTER_USER varchar2(100) := 'TEST_DB';
-- FEW CODE
END
Now I want to use USER_NAME variable in this PL/SQL Block, but when I replace 'TEST_DB' with &USER_NAME, SQL Developer gives me following error:
PLS-00201: identifier 'TEST_DB' must be declared
As I am not expert in SQL, do we have any solution where we can define a variable once and use it in SQL as well as PLSQL statements?
It sounds like you removed the quotes, which are still needed with substitution variables:
DECLARE
CONST_MASTER_USER varchar2(100) := '&USER_NAME.';
BEGIN
-- FEW CODE
END
Related
I've just started with PL/SQL. My concern is as follows:
I want to create a string dynamically.
I tried the following, but it always results in ORA-00900 & ORA-06512 at the line of "Execute Immediate...".
Here we go:
Declare
l_pre_sql varchar2(4000) := 'schema.';
l_sql varchar2(4000) := 'concat(concat(:a, :b), :c)';
l_after_sql := '.procedure(a,b,c)';
begin
execute immediate l_sql using l_pre_sql, l_sql, l_after_sql;
end;
Is the syntax of execute immediate wrong? Are there any other working possibilities? As you may see, i am working around the problem that one cannot use schema name as a dynamic variable.
For clarification I basically want to do this:
execute immediate ':a'||'.'||':b'||'.procedure(a,b,c)' using schema, name;
Thanks in advance!
In prepared statements (in Oracle and other languages), you can replace constant values in the query string using parameters. However, you cannot replace column names, table names, users (schemas), procedure names, and so on.
In other words, the substitution is not just by replacing values with string representations. It is plugging parameters into a compiled statement.
So, you need to construct the string with the procedure names first and then call it.
I think what you want is something like:
execute immediate l_pre_sql || l_after_sql || '(:a, :b, :c)' using . . .
I've created the following procedure
Create or replace procedure abcd
(
tab_name in USER_TABLES.table_name%type
)
is
begin
execute immediate
'select * from'||tab_name;
end abcd;
The procedure gets compiled.
I am trying to get the output using the following
select abcd('Table') from dual ;
I am new to dynamic SQL and this does not seem to work for me. I keep getting the error
[Error] Execution (44: 8): ORA-00904: "ABCD": invalid identifier
Can someone please help ?
Regards,
Kshitij
You're missing a space before your table name:
create or replace procedure abcd (tab_name in USER_TABLES.table_name%type )
is
begin
execute immediate 'select * from '||tab_name;
end abcd;
This won't work because you're trying to call it as a function, not a procedure:
select abcd('Table') from dual ;
Your second attempt should now work:
exec abcd('Table');
... but will now get a different error. In PL/SQL you have to select into something. In this case you probably want to open a cursor with the dynamic string and do something with the results. Not really sure what your end goal is though.
You should also read up about SQL injection while you learn about dynamic SQL.
you cannot perform a select on a procedure, a function will work only if single record return.
use
begin
abcd();
end;
or use
execute keyword
ALSO use a space after from in query
It will not work.
When you invoke EXECUTE IMMEDIATE the sql statement is send to SQL engine. No results are passed back to the PL/SQL.
Writing "SELECT * FROM a_table" is not that hard and much safer.
I am converting a MSSQL script to Oracle, and I haven't been able to figure out the syntax to use a variable in place of a table name or column.
Here is a simple example that I've been try to make work in Oracle SQL Developer so I can better understand the syntax:
set serveroutput on format wrapped;
declare
VR_TABLE VARCHAR2(256);
VR_UPDATE VARCHAR2(256);
begin
VR_TABLE :='SYSTEM_STATUS';
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'select UPDATE_VERSION INTO VR_UPDATE from ' || VR_TABLE || 'where rownum < 2 ;'
end;
Where VR_TABLE is the variable table name that will get changed each iteration of the loop.
Can somebody point out what I'm doing wrong, or link me to a site that would be useful for me to read? I've read a few tutorials on this, but I haven't had any luck thus far.
You need to have a space between the table name and the subsequent WHERE clause
The INTO needs to be part of the EXECUTE IMMEDIATE, not part of the dynamic SQL statement.
The dynamic SQL statement should not have a trailing semicolon
The EXECUTE IMMEDIATE statement should end with a semicolon
Putting those together, something like this should work
declare
VR_TABLE VARCHAR2(256);
VR_UPDATE VARCHAR2(256);
begin
VR_TABLE :='SYSTEM_STATUS';
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'select UPDATE_VERSION from ' || VR_TABLE || ' where rownum < 2'
INTO VR_UPDATE;
end;
Of course, since you're not doing anything with VR_UPDATE, nothing will be displayed when this anonymous block is executed.
INTO part of the query should not be directly included in the query
string.
Syntax
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE(<SQL>)
[INTO<variable>]
[USING <bind_variable_value>]
The above syntax shows EXECUTE IMMEDIATE command.
Clause INTO is optional and used only if the dynamic SQL contains a select statement that fetches values. The variable type should match with the variable type of the select statement.
Clause USING is optional and used only if the dynamic SQL contains any bind variable.
https://www.guru99.com/dynamic-sql-pl-sql.html#2
You can visit this site for a better understanding of Dynamic SQL.
I'm attempting to write a simple query where I declare some variables and then use them in a select statement in Oracle. I've been able to do this before in SQL Server with the following:
DECLARE #date1 DATETIME
SET #date1 = '03-AUG-2010'
SELECT U.VisualID
FROM Usage u WITH(NOLOCK)
WHERE U.UseTime > #Date1
From the searching I've done it appears you can not declare and set variables like this in Select statements. Is this right or am I mssing something?
From the searching I've done it appears you can not declare and set variables like this in Select statements. Is this right or am I missing something?
Within Oracle PL/SQL and SQL are two separate languages with two separate engines. You can embed SQL DML within PL/SQL, and that will get you variables. Such as the following anonymous PL/SQL block. Note the / at the end is not part of PL/SQL, but tells SQL*Plus to send the preceding block.
declare
v_Date1 date := to_date('03-AUG-2010', 'DD-Mon-YYYY');
v_Count number;
begin
select count(*) into v_Count
from Usage
where UseTime > v_Date1;
dbms_output.put_line(v_Count);
end;
/
The problem is that a block that is equivalent to your T-SQL code will not work:
SQL> declare
2 v_Date1 date := to_date('03-AUG-2010', 'DD-Mon-YYYY');
3 begin
4 select VisualId
5 from Usage
6 where UseTime > v_Date1;
7 end;
8 /
select VisualId
*
ERROR at line 4:
ORA-06550: line 4, column 5:
PLS-00428: an INTO clause is expected in this SELECT statement
To pass the results of a query out of an PL/SQL, either an anonymous block, stored procedure or stored function, a cursor must be declared, opened and then returned to the calling program. (Beyond the scope of answering this question. EDIT: see Get resultset from oracle stored procedure)
The client tool that connects to the database may have it's own bind variables. In SQL*Plus:
SQL> -- SQL*Plus does not all date type in this context
SQL> -- So using varchar2 to hold text
SQL> variable v_Date1 varchar2(20)
SQL>
SQL> -- use PL/SQL to set the value of the bind variable
SQL> exec :v_Date1 := '02-Aug-2010';
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> -- Converting to a date, since the variable is not yet a date.
SQL> -- Note the use of colon, this tells SQL*Plus that v_Date1
SQL> -- is a bind variable.
SQL> select VisualId
2 from Usage
3 where UseTime > to_char(:v_Date1, 'DD-Mon-YYYY');
no rows selected
Note the above is in SQLPlus, may not (probably won't) work in Toad PL/SQL developer, etc. The lines starting with variable and exec are SQLPlus commands. They are not SQL or PL/SQL commands. No rows selected because the table is empty.
I have tried this and it worked:
define PROPp_START_DT = TO_DATE('01-SEP-1999')
select * from proposal where prop_start_dt = &PROPp_START_DT
The SET command is TSQL specific - here's the PLSQL equivalent to what you posted:
v_date1 DATE := TO_DATE('03-AUG-2010', 'DD-MON-YYYY');
SELECT u.visualid
FROM USAGE u
WHERE u.usetime > v_date1;
There's also no need for prefixing variables with "#"; I tend to prefix variables with "v_" to distinguish between variables & columns/etc.
See this thread about the Oracle equivalent of NOLOCK...
Try the to_date function.
Coming from SQL Server as well, and this really bugged me. For those using Toad Data Point or Toad for Oracle, it's extremely simple. Just putting a colon in front of your variable name will prompt Toad to open a dialog where you enter the value on execute.
SELECT * FROM some_table WHERE some_column = :var_name;
I have a stored procedure in oracle and want to test it from SQLPlus.
If I use
execute my_stored_proc (-1,2,0.01)
I get this error
PLS-00306: wrong number or types of arguments in call to my_stored_proc
The beginning for the proc is this
create or replace PROCEDURE my_stored_proc
( a IN NUMBER,
b IN NUMBER,
c IN NUMBER,
z out NUMBER
) AS ....
Do I need to provide the a var for the out parameter, is so how? I tried:
var z NUMBER;
But get this error when I try to run the proc
execute my_stored_proc (-1,2,0.01,z)
PLS-00201: identifier 'Z' must be declared
Also when I was in SQL-Developer it gave me the usage and it show the inputs in reverse order, that is:
execute my_stored_proc(z number,c number,b number,a number);
Do you provide them in reverse order or is that just something with SQL-Developer
I did not write the procedure and I don't normally deal with them so I could be missing something obvious.
Thanks
You have two options, a PL/SQL block or SQL*Plus bind variables:
var z number
execute my_stored_proc (-1,2,0.01,:z)
print z
You forgot to put z as an bind variable.
The following EXECUTE command runs a PL/SQL statement that references a stored procedure:
SQL> EXECUTE -
> :Z := EMP_SALE.HIRE('JACK','MANAGER','JONES',2990,'SALES')
Note that the value returned by the stored procedure is being return into :Z