Illuminate \ Database \ QueryException (HY093) SQLSTATE[HY093]: Invalid parameter number - sql

Question

I am trying to select the user_id of all posts whos id is the current index in the while loop and whose vote is 1 and turn it into a numerical array .
But,it keeps giving me this error:
Illuminate \ Database \ QueryException (HY093)
SQLSTATE[HY093]: Invalid parameter number (SQL: select `user_id` from `laravellikecomment_likes` where (`item_id` = 1 and `vote` = ?))
I dunno what to do now.Here is my code(part of it):
$db='laravellikecomment_likes';
$allposts= DB::table($db)->where('vote','!=',0)->get()->pluck('user_id');
$allposts = $allposts->toArray();
$tn=count($allposts);
$ai=0;
$user=Auth::id();
while ($ai <= $tn) {
$recclist=array();
$current=array_keys($allposts,$ai);
$id=1;
$wl=DB::table($db)->where(function ($query) use ($current, $id) {
$query->where('item_id', '=', $current);
$query->where('vote','=',$id);
})->pluck('user_id');

Answer 1

The error thrown has to do with your query
$wl=DB::table($db)->where(function ($query) use ($current, $id) {
$query->where('item_id', '=', $current); # This line is the culprit
$query->where('vote','=',$id);
})->pluck('user_id');
The error thrown, SQLSTATE[HY093]: Invalid Parameter number hints a parameter is wrong. In this case, you're trying to use an array where the Query Builder expects an integer or a string.
If you want to use an array, use whereIn instead of where, like so:
$wl=DB::table($db)->where(function ($query) use ($current, $id) {
$query->whereIn('item_id', $current); # Use whereIn to deal with arrays
$query->where('vote', '=', $id);
})->pluck('user_id');