I have made an object with the object elevation, yet when a try accessing it using an array, the debugger states it is undefined.
var h = 30;
var disk = function(pos,elv){
this.pos = pos;
this.elv = elv;
rect(56 * pos, 369-pos * h + h, 95, h, 2);
};
var disks = [
{position:1,
elevation:1},
{position:1,
elevation:2},
{position:1,
elevation:3},
{position:1,
elevation:4},
{position:1,
elevation:5},
{position:1,
elevation:6}
];
fill(0, 136, 255);
for(var i = 0; i<= 6; i++){
var diskNum = disks[i];
disk(1,diskNum.elevation);
}
};
I expected the program to draw the rectangles on top of each other, but the program displays Cannot read property elevation of undefined.
https://www.khanacademy.org/computer-programming/new-program/5983920391094272
You have 6 elements in your disks array, at indexes 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.
Then you use this for loop to iterate over them:
for(var i = 0; i <= 6; i++){
Since you're using the <= operator, this includes 7 total indexes: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.
You probably just want the < operator instead.
Also note that it doesn't make a ton of sense to store this.pos and this.elv since you never use them for anything.
When I fix the above error, I see a rectangle. Not quite sure what the program is meant to do, but this at least fixes your error.
Related
I have a small Vulkan program that runs a compute shader in a loop.
There is only one commandBuffer that is allocated from the only commandPool I have.
After the commandBuffer is built, I submit it to the queue, and wait for it to comple with vkQueueWaitIddle. I does indeed wait for a while in that line of code. After that, I call vkResetCommandPool, which should reset all commandBuffer allocated with that pool (there is only one anyways).
...
vkEndCommandBuffer(commandBuffer);
{
VkSubmitInfo info = {};
info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO;
info.commandBufferCount = 1;
info.pCommandBuffers = &commandBuffer;
vkQueueSubmit(queue, 1, &info, VK_NULL_HANDLE);
}
vkQueueWaitIdle(queue);
vkResetCommandPool(device, commandPool, VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_ONE_TIME_SUBMIT_BIT);
When it tries to reset the commandPool the validation gives me the following error.
VUID-vkResetCommandPool-commandPool-00040(ERROR / SPEC): msgNum: -1254218959
- Validation Error: [ VUID-vkResetCommandPool-commandPool-00040 ]
Object 0: handle = 0x20d2ce0b718, type = VK_OBJECT_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER; |
MessageID = 0xb53e2331 |
Attempt to reset command pool with VkCommandBuffer 0x20d2ce0b718[] which is in use.
The Vulkan spec states: All VkCommandBuffer objects allocated from commandPool must not be in the pending state
(https://vulkan.lunarg.com/doc/view/1.2.176.1/windows/1.2-extensions/vkspec.html#VUID-vkResetCommandPool-commandPool-00040)
Objects: 1
[0] 0x20d2ce0b718, type: 6, name: NULL
But I don't understand why, since I'm already waiting with vkQueueWaitIdle. According to the documentation, once the commandBuffer is done executing, it should go to the invalid state, and I should be able to reset it.
Here's the relevan surrounding code:
VkCommandBufferBeginInfo beginInfo = {};
beginInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO;
beginInfo.flags = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_ONE_TIME_SUBMIT_BIT;
beginInfo.pInheritanceInfo = nullptr;
for (i64 i = 0; i < numIterations; i++)
{
vkBeginCommandBuffer(commandBuffer, &beginInfo);
vkCmdBindPipeline(commandBuffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_COMPUTE, pipeline);
vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(commandBuffer, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_COMPUTE, pipelineLayout,
0, 2, descriptorSets, 0, nullptr);
uniforms.start = i * numThreads;
vkCmdUpdateBuffer(commandBuffer, unifsBuffer, 0, sizeof(uniforms), &uniforms);
vkCmdPipelineBarrier(commandBuffer,
VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT, 0,
0, nullptr,
1, &memBarriers[0],
0, nullptr);
vkCmdDispatch(commandBuffer, numThreads, 1, 1);
vkCmdPipelineBarrier(commandBuffer,
VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT, 0,
0, nullptr,
1, &memBarriers[1],
0, nullptr);
VkBufferCopy copyInfo = {};
copyInfo.srcOffset = 0;
copyInfo.dstOffset = 0;
copyInfo.size = sizeof(i64) * numThreads;
vkCmdCopyBuffer(commandBuffer,
buffer, stagingBuffer, 1, ©Info);
vkEndCommandBuffer(commandBuffer);
{
VkSubmitInfo info = {};
info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO;
info.commandBufferCount = 1;
info.pCommandBuffers = &commandBuffer;
vkQueueSubmit(queue, 1, &info, VK_NULL_HANDLE);
}
vkQueueWaitIdle(queue);
vkResetCommandPool(device, commandPool, VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_ONE_TIME_SUBMIT_BIT);
i64* result;
vkMapMemory(device, stagingBufferMem, 0, sizeof(i64) * numThreads, 0, (void**)&result);
for (int i = 0; i < numThreads; i++)
{
if (result[i]) {
auto res = result[i];
vkUnmapMemory(device, stagingBufferMem);
return res;
}
}
vkUnmapMemory(device, stagingBufferMem);
}
I have found my problem. In vkCmdDispatch, I thought the paremeters specify the global size (number of compute shader invocations) but it's actually the number of work groups. Therefore, I was dispatching more threads than I intended, and my buffer wasn't big enough, so the threads were writing out of bounds.
I believe the validation layer wasn't giving me the right hints though.
Hey guys I'm new to Game Maker Studio and new to the language. I'm making a game and have been working on the dialogue system.
This chunk of code was designed for characters respond to a set of choices, the dialogue starts by printing out the first element of the line_array, which it does, then give the player the choice of two responses from the response_array, which it insteads prints out the second element of the line_array and I don't understand why.
Does an argument only hold one element of an array? I'm initializing two arrays in an object oCivilian2 and pushing them through code DialogueCode which is linked to another object oRespond that supposed to allow me to sift through dialogue in game. Anything helps thanks
It's initialized here in create of oCivilian2
line_array = [3];
line_array[0] = "Ethan it's good to see you! \n I thought after the incident well.... \n well I thought we had lost you";
line_array[1] = "I've said too much";
line_array[2] = "You hit your head trying to saver her\n It was horrible";
response_array = [2];
response_array[0] = "What happened?";
response_array[1] = "I don't recall alot. How bad was it?";
counter = 0;
x1 = RESOLUTION_W / 2;
y1 = RESOLUTION_H -70;
x2 = RESOLUTION_W/2;
y2 = RESOLUTION_H;
_print = "";
responseSelected = 0;
Then the step which links it to DialogueCode when spacebar is pressed
keyActivate = keyboard_check_pressed(vk_space);
if (keyActivate)
{
var inst = collision_rectangle(oPlayer.x+3,oPlayer.y+3,oPlayer.x-3,oPlayer.y-3, oCivilian2, false, false);
if (inst != noone)
{
ScriptExecuteArray(DialogueCode, line_array);
ScriptExecuteArray(DialogueCode, response_array);
}
}
Then through to step in the object oRespond
lerpProgress += (1 - lerpProgress) / 50;
textProgress += global.textSpeed;
x1 = lerp(x1, x1Target,lerpProgress);
x2 = lerp(x2, x2Target,lerpProgress);
keyUp = (keyboard_check_pressed(vk_up)) || (keyboard_check_pressed(ord("W")))
keyDown = keyboard_check_pressed(vk_down) || keyboard_check_pressed(ord("S"));
responseSelected += (keyDown - keyUp);
var _max = 2;
var _min = 0;
if (responseSelected > _max) responseSelected = _min;
if (responseSelected < _min) responseSelected = _max;
for (var i = 0; i < 2; i++)
{
var _marker = string_pos(",", response);
if (string_pos(",",response))
{
responseScript[i] = string_copy(response,0,_marker);
string_delete(response,0,_marker);
var _marker = string_pos(",", response);
}
else
{
responseScript[i] = string_copy(response,0, string_length(response));
}
}
if (keyboard_check_pressed(vk_space))
{
counter++;
}
Then to print in oRespond
/// text
//response
NineSliceBoxStretched(sTextBox, x1,y1,x2,y2, 0);
draw_set_font(fText);
draw_set_halign(fa_center);
draw_set_valign(fa_top);
draw_set_color(c_black);
if (counter % 2 == 0)
{
var _i = 0;
var _print = string_copy(text,1,textProgress);
draw_text((x1+x2) / 2, y1 + 8, _print);
draw_set_color(c_white);
draw_text((x1+x2) / 2, y1 + 7, _print);
_i++;
}
else
{
if (array_length_1d(responseScript) > 0)
{
var _print = "";
for (var t = 0; t < array_length_1d(responseScript); t++)
{
_print += "\n";
if (t == responseSelected) _print += "--> "
_print += responseScript[t];
show_debug_message(responseScript[t]);
if (t == responseSelected) _print += " <-- "
}
draw_text((x1+x2) / 2, y1 + 8, _print);
draw_set_color(c_white);
draw_text((x1+x2) / 2, y1 + 7, _print);
}
}
Alright, i think to see many problems with your code.
First of all, since arrays in GM are dynamic declare them like
line_array[3]
is a bad practice (in my point of view)
I've never declared an array this way in GM so that could be the problem here.
Second, i don't really understand the logic of your code, always create objects, at least in the GM environment, that corresponds to "physical" entities, i would make an object for the Civilian but not for the "respond".
I've red your code a lot of times and since no one answered you in 3 months i can assume it's because no one can really understand your way of coding, and this way of coding will probably give you a lot of problems in future. The thing that you're trying to doing could be super-easy if done with a good hierarchy.
I would like to help u with this code, but i find it very chaotic.
If you've not resolved this problems, write a comment :)
I advice you to fully re-implement it even if resolved anyway.
I have a 6-DOF robot arm model:
robot arm structure
I want to calculate forward kinematics, so I uses the D-H matrix. the D-H parameters are:
static const std::vector<float> theta = {
0,0,90.0f,0,-90.0f,0};
// d
static const std::vector<float> d = {
380.948f,0,0,-560.18f,0,0};
// a
static const std::vector<float> a = {
-220.0f,522.331f,80.0f,0,0,94.77f};
// alpha
static const std::vector<float> alpha = {
90.0f,0,90.0f,-90.0f,-90.0f,0};
and the calculation :
glm::mat4 Robothand::armForKinematics() noexcept
{
glm::mat4 pose(1.0f);
float cos_theta, sin_theta, cos_alpha, sin_alpha;
for (auto i = 0; i < 6;i++)
{
cos_theta = cosf(glm::radians(theta[i]));
sin_theta = sinf(glm::radians(theta[i]));
cos_alpha = cosf(glm::radians(alpha[i]));
sin_alpha = sinf(glm::radians(alpha[i]));
glm::mat4 Ai = {
cos_theta, -sin_theta * cos_alpha,sin_theta * sin_alpha, a[i] * cos_theta,
sin_theta, cos_theta * cos_alpha, -cos_theta * sin_alpha,a[i] * sin_theta,
0, sin_alpha, cos_alpha, d[i],
0, 0, 0, 1 };
pose = pose * Ai;
}
return pose;
}
the problem I have is that, I can't get the correct result, for example, I want to calculate the transformation matrix from first joint to the 4th joint, I will change the for loop i < 3,then I can get the pose matrix, and I can the origin coordinate in 4th coordinate system by pose * (0,0,0,1).but the result (380.948,382.331,0) seems not correct because it should be move along x-axis not y-axis. I have read many books and materials about D-H matrix, but I can't figure out what's wrong with it.
I have figured it out by myself, the real problem behind is glm::mat, glm::mat is col-type which means columns will be initialized before rows,I changed the code and get the correct result:
for (int i = 0; i < joint_num; ++i)
{
pose = glm::rotate(pose, glm::radians(degrees[i]), glm::vec3(0, 0, 1));
pose = glm::translate(pose,glm::vec3(0,0,d[i]));
pose = glm::translate(pose, glm::vec3(a[i], 0, 0));
pose = glm::rotate(pose,glm::radians(alpha[i]),glm::vec3(1,0,0));
}
then I can get the position by:
auto pos = pose * glm::vec4(x,y,z,1);
I'm trying to figure out how to return a window of elements from a vector that I've first filtered without copying it to a new vector.
So this is the naive approach which works fine but I think will end up allocating a new vector from line 5 which I don't really want to do.
let mut buf = Vec::new();
file.read_to_end(&mut buf);
// Do some filtering of the read file and create a new vector for subsequent processing
let iter = buf.iter().filter(|&x| *x != 10 && *x != 13);
let clean_buf = Vec::from_iter(iter);
for iter in clean_buf.windows(13) {
print!("{}",iter.len());
}
Alternative approach where I could use a chain()? to achieve the same thing without copying into a new Vec
for iter in buf.iter().filter(|&x| *x != 10 && *x != 13) {
let window = ???
}
You can use Vec::retain instead of filter for this, which allows you to keep your Vec:
fn main() {
let mut buf = vec![
8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
];
println!("{:?}", buf);
buf.retain(|&x| x != 10 && x != 13);
println!("{:?}", buf);
for iter in buf.windows(13) {
print!("{}, ", iter.len());
}
println!("");
}
I don't see how this would be possible. You say:
elements from a vector that I've first filtered
But once you've filtered a vector, you don't have a vector anymore - you just have an Iterator. Iterators only have the concept of the next item.
To be most efficient, you'd have to create a small buffer of the size of your window. Unfortunately, you cannot write an iterator that returns a reference to itself, so you'd have to pass in a buffer to a hypothetical Iterator::windows method. In that case, you'd run into the problem of having a mutable reference (so you could populate the buffer) and an immutable reference (so you could return a slice), which won't fly.
The only close solution I can think of is to have multiple iterators over the same vector that you then zip together:
fn main() {
let nums: Vec<u8> = (1..100).collect();
fn is_even(x: &&u8) -> bool { **x % 2 == 0 }
let a = nums.iter().filter(is_even);
let b = nums.iter().filter(is_even).skip(1);
let c = nums.iter().filter(is_even).skip(2);
for z in a.zip(b).zip(c).map(|((a, b), c)| (a,b,c)) {
println!("{:?}", z);
}
}
This has the distinct downside of needing to apply the filtering condition multiple times, and the ugliness of the nested zips (you can fix the latter with use of itertools though).
Personally, I'd probably just collect into a Vec, as you have already done.
when i plot my data, the dashes are only visible if: the # of data points is small, or if i manually widen the window, or if i zoom in on the graph. my expectation is that i'd see dashes regardless of these factors, as you'd get in excel. am i overlooking a zedgraph config? thanks very much.
void plot_array(ref ZedGraphControl zgc)
{
int num_samples = 100;
double[] xvals = new double[num_samples];
double[] yvals = new double[num_samples];
for (double i = 0; i < num_samples; i++)
{
xvals[(int)i] = i / 10;
yvals[(int)i] = Math.Sin(i / 10);
}
var lineItem = zgc.GraphPane.AddCurve("Can't see the dashes", xvals, yvals, Color.Black);
lineItem.Line.Style = System.Drawing.Drawing2D.DashStyle.Custom;
lineItem.Line.DashOn = 10;
lineItem.Line.DashOff = 10;
lineItem.Symbol.Type = SymbolType.None;
zgc.AxisChange();
zgc.Refresh();
}
Obvious , nothing is wrong with your settings, everything is normal since you have lot of data the dashed line tends to (look) straight line.
if you try:
lineItem.Line.DashOn = 1;
lineItem.Line.DashOff = 10;
it solves your problem