I use Oracle 12c. I know that my next question is not new but I am little bit confused and need help.
I have this SQL statement:
SELECT *
FROM TABLE_NAME
WHERE CREATE_DATE BETWEEN TO_DATE(FIRST_DATE, 'YYYY-MM-DD')
AND TO_DATE(SECOND_DATE , 'YYYY-MM-DD')
Questions:
How correctly to use SELECT request in stored procedure?
That SQL statement returns more than 1 row, is it mean that I need to use cursor?
If table has 15 columns, as output I need to set all of them?
EDIT:
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE PROCEDURE_NAME
(
FIRST_DATE IN VARCHAR2(10),
SECOND_DATE IN VARCHAR2(10)
)
AS
oracle_cursor SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
OPEN oracle_cursor FOR
SELECT *
FROM scheme_name.table_name
WHERE CREATE_DATE BETWEEN TO_DATE(FIRST_DATE, 'YYYY-MM-DD') AND TO_DATE(SECOND_DATE, 'YYYY-MM-DD');
DBMS_SQL.RETURN_RESULT(oracle_cursor);
END PROCEDURE_NAME;
How correctly to use SELECT request in stored procedure?
In a stored procedure you need to assign the queried result set to a variable (or variables) which match the projection:
select << column >>, << column >>
into << variable >>, << variable >>
from table_name
....
That SQL statement returns more than 1 row, is it mean that I need to use cursor?
A cursor is one way of handling it. Although a cursor loop is usually the better approach:
for r in ( SELECT *
FROM TABLE_NAME
WHERE CREATE_DATE BETWEEN TO_DATE(FIRST_DATE, 'YYYY-MM-DD')
AND TO_DATE(SECOND_DATE , 'YYYY-MM-DD')
) loop
Populating a collection variable is another approach, using the BULK COLLECT:
select << column >>
bulk collect into << collection >>
from table_name
....
If table has 15 columns, as output I need to set all of them?
You can choose to create fifteen distinct variables. However, if your query's projection matches the table's projection (which it does with select *) you can use the %rowtype construct to define a record variable or a collection:
declare
l_rec TABLE_NAME%rowtype; -- single row
type t_rec is table of TABLE_NAME%rowtype; -- multiple rows
l_recs t_rec
begin
SELECT *
bulk collect into l_recs
FROM TABLE_NAME
WHERE CREATE_DATE BETWEEN TO_DATE(FIRST_DATE, 'YYYY-MM-DD')
AND TO_DATE(SECOND_DATE , 'YYYY-MM-DD');
I need to take the result and show that data in web page.
For returning results you probably just need to return a Ref Cursor. This is just a pointer which maps to constructs like JDBC ResultSet and ODBC ResultSet. For PHP this would be an oci_new_cursor. Find out more.
Create or replace procedure get_recs
(FIRST_DATE in varchar2,
SECOND_DATE in varchar2,
OUT_RECS out sys_refcursor
) is
Begin
Open out_recs for
SELECT *
FROM TABLE_NAME
WHERE CREATE_DATE BETWEEN TO_DATE(FIRST_DATE, 'YYYY-MM-DD')
AND TO_DATE(SECOND_DATE , 'YYYY-MM-DD');
End;
Incidentally, you seem to expect to pass the parameters as strings: it would be better to pass them as actual dates.
Related
I am passing ID's in oracle proc. ID's can be in 1000's. currently its able to process around 600 ID's, if I pass more than 600 ID's - I am getting ORA-01460 unimplemented or unreasonable conversion requested. ID is varchar2 datatype, how can I process 1000's of Id's in varchar2 or what will be the best strategy to handle this kind of issue. Any guidance/suggestion will be highly appreciated. Can this be solved using CLOB datatype?
//this is how I am processing Id's
create or replace procedure Emp(
emp_id in varchar2
)
//passing those id's in CTE before passing to subquery
WITH
EMP_LIST AS(
select regexp_substr(emp_id,'[^,]+', 1, level) from dual
connect by level <= LENGTH(regexp_substr(emp_id, '[^,]+'))+1
)
Pass a collection or VARRAY rather than passing a comma-delimited string:
CREATE TYPE number_list IS TABLE OF NUMBER(10,0);
Then you can use it something like:
CREATE PROCEDURE emp(
emp_ids IN number_list
)
IS
BEGIN
-- Do something with the ids like inserting them into a table
INSERT INTO employees ( id )
SELECT COLUMN_VALUE
FROM TABLE( emp_ids );
-- Or something like this:
SELECT something
INTO some_variable -- you need to define this variable first
FROM some_table
WHERE emp_id MEMBER OF emp_ids;
END;
/
Update
If you can't create anything then you can use a built-in collection like SYS.ODCINUMBERLIST:
CREATE PROCEDURE emp(
emp_ids IN SYS.ODCINUMBERLIST
)
IS
BEGIN
-- Do something with the ids like inserting them into a table
INSERT INTO employees ( id )
SELECT COLUMN_VALUE
FROM TABLE( emp_ids );
-- Or something like this:
SELECT something
INTO some_variable -- you need to define this variable first
FROM some_table
WHERE emp_id IN ( SELECT COLUMN_VALUE FROM TABLE( emp_ids ) );
END;
/
(Note: SYS.ODCI*LIST types are VARRAY data types and do not support the MEMBER OF operator like collections do; instead you can get the values from the VARRAY using a nested SELECT statement with a TABLE() collection expression.)
However, if you really can't CREATE anything then you won't be able to CREATE PROCEDURE .... not sure there is any solution to that apart from talking to your DBA.
SELECT DISTINCT L.* FROM LABALES L , MATCHES M
WHERE M.LIST LIKE '%ENG'
ORDER BY L.ID
I need to create function with this select, I tried this but it doesn't work.
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION getSoccerLists
RETURN varchar2 IS
list varchar2(2000);
BEGIN
SELECT DISTINCT L.* FROM LABALES L , MATCHES M
WHERE M.LIST LIKE '%ENG'
ORDER BY L.ID
return list;
END;
How will I create function that returns all from table L.
Thanks
You may use implicit result using DBMS_SQL.RETURN_RESULT(Oracle12c and above) in a procedure using a cursor to your query.
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE getSoccerLists
AS
x SYS_REFCURSOR;
BEGIN
OPEN x FOR SELECT DISTINCT L.* FROM LABALES L
JOIN MATCHES M ON ( 1=1 ) -- join condition
WHERE M.LIST LIKE '%ENG'
ORDER BY L.ID;
DBMS_SQL.RETURN_RESULT(x);
END;
/
then simply call the procedure
EXEC getSoccerLists;
For lower versions(Oracle 11g) , you may use a print command to display the cursor's o/p passing ref cursor as out parameter.
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE getSoccerLists (x OUT SYS_REFCURSOR)
AS
BEGIN
OPEN x FOR SELECT DISTINCT L.* FROM LABALES L
JOIN MATCHES M ON ( 1=1 ) -- join condition
WHERE M.LIST LIKE '%ENG'
ORDER BY L.ID;
END;
/
Then, in SQL* Plus or running as script in SQL developer and Toad, you may get the results using this.
VARIABLE r REFCURSOR;
EXEC getSoccerLists (:r);
PRINT r;
Another option is to use TABLE function by defining a collection of the record type of the result within a package.
Refer Create an Oracle function that returns a table
I guess this questions is a repetition of the your previously asked question, where you wanted to get all the columns of tables but into separate column. I already answered in stating this you cannot do if you call your function via a SELECT statement. If you call your function in a Anoymous block you can display it in separate columns.
Here Oracle function returning all columns from tables
Alternatively, you can get the results separated by a comma(,) or pipe (|) as below:
CREATE OR REPLACE
FUNCTION getSoccerLists
RETURN VARCHAR2
IS
list VARCHAR2(2000);
BEGIN
SELECT col1
||','
||col2
||','
||col2
INTO LIST
FROM SOCCER_PREMATCH_LISTS L ,
SOCCER_PREMATCH_MATCHES M
WHERE M.LIST LIKE '%' || (L.SUB_LIST) || '%'
AND (TO_TIMESTAMP((M.M_DATE || ' ' || M.M_TIME), 'DD.MM.YYYY HH24:MI') >
(SELECT SYSTIMESTAMP AT TIME ZONE 'CET' FROM DUAL
))
ORDER BY L.ID");
Return list;
End;
Note here if the column size increased 2000 chars then again you will lose the data.
Edit:
From your comments
I want it to return a table set of results.
You then need to create a table of varchar and then return it from the function. See below:
CREATE TYPE var IS TABLE OF VARCHAR2(2000);
/
CREATE OR REPLACE
FUNCTION getSoccerLists
RETURN var
IS
--Initialization
list VAR :=var();
BEGIN
SELECT NSO ||',' ||NAME BULK COLLECT INTO LIST FROM TEST;
RETURN list;
END;
Execution:
select * from table(getSoccerLists);
Note: Here in the function i have used a table called test and its column. You replace your table with its columnname.
Edit 2:
--Create a object with columns same as your select statement
CREATE TYPE v_var IS OBJECT
(
col1 NUMBER,
col2 VARCHAR2(10)
)
/
--Create a table of your object
CREATE OR REPLACE TYPE var IS TABLE OF v_var;
/
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION getSoccerLists
RETURN var
IS
--Initialization
list VAR :=var();
BEGIN
--You above object should have same columns with same data type as you are selecting here
SELECT v_var( NSO ,NAME) BULK COLLECT INTO LIST FROM TEST;
RETURN list;
END;
Execution:
select * from table(getSoccerLists);
This is not an answer on how to build a function for this, as I'd recommend to make this a view instead:
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW view_soccer_list AS
SELECT *
FROM soccer_prematch_lists l
WHERE EXISTS
(
SELECT *
FROM soccer_prematch_matches m
WHERE m.list LIKE '%' || (l.sub_list) || '%'
AND TO_TIMESTAMP((m.m_date || ' ' || m.m_time), 'DD.MM.YYYY HH24:MI') >
(SELECT SYSTIMESTAMP AT TIME ZONE 'CET' FROM DUAL)
);
Then call it in a query:
SELECT * FROM view_soccer_list ORDER BY id;
(It makes no sense to put an ORDER BY clause in a view, because you access the view like a table, and table data is considered unordered, so you could not rely on that order. The same is true for a pipelined function youd access with FROM TABLE (getSoccerLists). Always put the ORDER BY clause in your final queries instead.)
I'm writing a pl/sql function. I need to select multiple rows from select statement:
SELECT pel.ceid
FROM pa_exception_list pel
WHERE trunc(pel.creation_date) >= trunc(SYSDATE-7)
if i use:
SELECT pel.ceid
INTO v_ceid
it only stores one value, but i need to store all values that this select returns. Given that this is a function i can't just use simple select because i get error, "INTO - is expected."
You can use a record type to do that. The below example should work for you
DECLARE
TYPE v_array_type IS VARRAY (10) OF NUMBER;
var v_array_type;
BEGIN
SELECT x
BULK COLLECT INTO
var
FROM (
SELECT 1 x
FROM dual
UNION
SELECT 2 x
FROM dual
UNION
SELECT 3 x
FROM dual
);
FOR I IN 1..3 LOOP
dbms_output.put_line(var(I));
END LOOP;
END;
So in your case, it would be something like
select pel.ceid
BULK COLLECT INTO <variable which you create>
from pa_exception_list
where trunc(pel.creation_Date) >= trunc(sysdate-7);
If you really need to store multiple rows, check BULK COLLECT INTO statement and examples. But maybe FOR cursor LOOP and row-by-row processing would be better decision.
You may store all in a rowtype parameter and show whichever column you want to show( assuming ceid is your primary key column, col1 & 2 are some other columns of your table ) :
SQL> set serveroutput on;
SQL> declare
l_exp pa_exception_list%rowtype;
begin
for c in ( select *
from pa_exception_list pel
where trunc(pel.creation_date) >= trunc(SYSDATE-7)
) -- to select multiple rows
loop
select *
into l_exp
from pa_exception_list
where ceid = c.ceid; -- to render only one row( ceid is primary key )
dbms_output.put_line(l_exp.ceid||' - '||l_exp.col1||' - '||l_exp.col2); -- to show the results
end loop;
end;
/
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
BEGIN
FOR rec IN (
--an implicit cursor is created here
SELECT pel.ceid AS ceid
FROM pa_exception_list pel
WHERE trunc(pel.creation_date) >= trunc(SYSDATE-7)
)
LOOP
dbms_output.put_line(rec.ceid);
END LOOP;
END;
/
Notes from here:
In this case, the cursor FOR LOOP declares, opens, fetches from, and
closes an implicit cursor. However, the implicit cursor is internal;
therefore, you cannot reference it.
Note that Oracle Database automatically optimizes a cursor FOR LOOP to
work similarly to a BULK COLLECT query. Although your code looks as if
it fetched one row at a time, Oracle Database fetches multiple rows at
a time and allows you to process each row individually.
This is probably a simple question for who knows PL/SQL.
I have a stored procedure who takes an array of varchar in input:
TYPE MULTI is table of VARCHAR(15) index by BINARY_INTEGER;
PROCEDURE MYPROC(
SINGLE IN MULTI,
P_RESULT OUT MY_PCK.MYCURSOR,
P_SOMETHING OUT VARCHAR2,
);
The cursor works because i have tested it in other cases but this is the first with an array parameter.
I have a problem with the body, how can i assign each value i get from the select to the cursor?
BEGIN
FOR i IN SINGLE.first .. SINGLE.last
LOOP
--BEGIN OPEN P_RESULT FOR this --this on left gives me error
SELECT MT.DESCR INTO P_SOMETHING
FROM MYTABLE1 MT
WHERE MT.IDS = SINGLE(i)
AND and rownum < 2;
--dbms_output.put_line(SINGLE(i)); --if i use this instead of select i get the values i send to this procedure.
END LOOP;
i tried also:
SELECT MT.DESCR INTO P_RESULT but gives error
What i'm doing wrong?
Thanks in advice.
You can't use your PL/SQL collection type in a SQL statement in 11g. You could create a SQL collection type, or find one you already have access to (which has a suitable string length) and use that to at least verify the mechanism.
For instance, this uses a local variable of type SYS.HSBLKNAMLST, which is defined as a table of varchar2(30), more than enough to match your own PL/SQL type's string length. That variable is populated from your passed-in PL/SQL type, and that is then used in a query to open the cursor:
PROCEDURE MYPROC(
SINGLE IN MULTI,
P_RESULT OUT MY_PCK.MYCURSOR
) IS
LOCAL_COLL SYS.HSBLKNAMLST := SYS.HSBLKNAMLST();
BEGIN
FOR i IN SINGLE.first .. SINGLE.last
LOOP
LOCAL_COLL.extend();
LOCAL_COLL(LOCAL_COLL.last) := SINGLE(i);
END LOOP;
OPEN P_RESULT FOR
SELECT MT.DESCR
FROM MYTABLE1 MT
LEFT JOIN TABLE(LOCAL_COLL) LC
ON LC.COLUMN_VALUE = MT.IDS
WHERE LC.COLUMN_VALUE IS NULL;
END;
I'm a bit confused about the query you showed in your loop though; you seem to be attempting to re-open the cursor for each element of the array, though maybe you were trying to append the result of the query for each element to the same cursor - thought the != would mean that all rows would be included at some point. I've guess that you're trying to get all records with IDS values that are not in the array. If you actually want all that are then that would be:
OPEN P_RESULT FOR
SELECT MT.DESCR
FROM TABLE(LOCAL_COLL) LC
JOIN MYTABLE1 MT
ON MT.IDS = LC.COLUMN_VALUE;
You can see which built-in types are available to you by querying the data dictionary, e.g:
select owner, type_name, coll_type, elem_type_name, length
from all_coll_types
where elem_type_name = 'VARCHAR2'
and coll_type = 'TABLE'
and owner = 'SYS'
order by length;
It would be preferable to create your own SQL type if you're able to.
I have a query where i have to use the result of it multiple times. So instead of running the query multiple times i want to save the query value into a variable once and use it multiple times to accelerate the query speed.
for example:
Declare VAr = select M_DATE from TBT
If you want to do this in an interactive client, the answer depends on the client. For SQLPlus you could do this:
VARIABLE my_date VARCHAR2(10);
BEGIN
SELECT to_char(sysdate, 'YYYY-MM-DD' ) INTO :my_date FROM dual;
END;
/
PRINT my_date;
SELECT * FROM my_table WHERE date_column = TO_DATE( :my_date, 'YYYY-MM-DD' );
Note that SQLPlus does not support a DATE type for its variables, so you need to convert to a string when storing then back to a date when using the value. I recommend always using an explicit conversion and format string, simply to avoid unexpected results if the default format is not what you are expecting.
Within a PL/SQL block or procedure, it would be a little simpler:
DECLARE
l_mydate DATE;
BEGIN
SELECT sysdate INTO l_mydate FROM dual;
SELECT whatever INTO l_whatever FROM my_table
WHERE date_column = l_mydate;
<etc...>
END;
/
If you want to store the result of the query then you need to use a select ... into;
var v_storedate VARCHAR2(19);
exec select m_date into :v_storedate from tbt;
print v_storedate;
For an anonymous SQL block
begin
select m_date
into :v_storedate
from tbt;
end;
/