OAuth 2.0 , Azure AD and OpenId Connect - asp.net-core

I am still trying to understand OAuth 2.0 flows with ASP.Net Core 2.0. The default code (see below) which was provided by Microsoft works well with Azure AD authentication using OAuth 2.0 and OpenId Connect.
I am actually testing the Authorization Code flow.
I am trying to change the code below so that it doesnt use OpenId Connect but instead use the plain OAuth. (You may want to ask why, the vendor I am working with is not supporting the OpenId Connect yet).
So I need to use plain OAuth to enable to Authorization Code flow using Azure AD.
services.AddAuthentication(auth =>
{
auth.DefaultScheme = CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme;
auth.DefaultChallengeScheme = OpenIdConnectDefaults.AuthenticationScheme;
})
.AddCookie()
.AddOpenIdConnect(opts =>
{
Configuration.GetSection("Authentication").Bind(opts);
opts.Events = new OpenIdConnectEvents
{
OnAuthorizationCodeReceived = async ctx =>
{
HttpRequest request = ctx.HttpContext.Request;
//We need to also specify the redirect URL used
string currentUri = UriHelper.BuildAbsolute(request.Scheme, request.Host, request.PathBase, request.Path);
//Credentials for app itself
var credential = new ClientCredential(ctx.Options.ClientId, ctx.Options.ClientSecret);
//Construct token cache
ITokenCacheFactory cacheFactory = ctx.HttpContext.RequestServices.GetRequiredService<ITokenCacheFactory>();
TokenCache cache = cacheFactory.CreateForUser(ctx.Principal);
var authContext = new AuthenticationContext(ctx.Options.Authority, cache);
//Get token for Microsoft Graph API using the authorization code
string resource = "https://bupaau.onmicrosoft.com/4fa4b4a7-d34f-49af-8781-c8b39f0cf770";
AuthenticationResult result = await authContext.AcquireTokenByAuthorizationCodeAsync(
ctx.ProtocolMessage.Code, new Uri(currentUri), credential, resource);
//Tell the OIDC middleware we got the tokens, it doesn't need to do anything
ctx.HandleCodeRedemption(result.AccessToken, result.IdToken);
}
};
});
How do I turn the openId Connect off and enable the plain OAuth authentication for Authorization Code flow.
-Alan-

You specify this by using scope parameter values. For OpenID Connect, scope value is set to openid. This is what specification says about authorisation request.
But there are some Azure AD specifics you need to taken care of. This is highlighted in Azure AD documentation. For OpenID Connect,
When your web application needs to authenticate the user, it must direct the user to the /authorize endpoint. This request is similar to the first leg of the OAuth 2.0 Authorization Code Flow, with a few important distinctions:
The request must include the scope openid in the scope parameter.
The response_type parameter must include id_token.
The request must include the nonce parameter.
Also here is the link for OAuth 2.0 documentation. You may not simply remove OpenID Connect specific parameters to get OAuth 2.0 response as there could be implementation specific requirements.

Related

How can I change the 'typ' of a token provided by Azure AD?

I have a project setup like this:
React frontend
-> authenticates against...
Identity Server
-> which redirects to...
A Microsoft login
I'm using a Clients Credential Provider and it works great - the IS4 redirects to MS login, and then gets redirected with the access token back, which is then passed on to the React app.
Now, I've been tasked with creating a feature to change the user's password. I'm trying to do this by sending the old+new password to IS4, and then calling the MSGraphClient, but I couldn't make it work.
I've tried the Username/Password provider, because I have all the info needed, but I need to change stuff on the ActiveDirectory settings to make my app public. But even then, I don't like that solution.
I've also tried with the On-behalf-of provider, this is the code:
var scopes = new[] { "User.Read",
"Directory.AccessAsUser.All" };
// Multi-tenant apps can use "common",
// single-tenant apps must use the tenant ID from the Azure portal
var tenantId = "~~";
// Value from app registration
var clientId = "~~";
var clientSecret = "~~";
var options = new TokenCredentialOptions
{
AuthorityHost = AzureAuthorityHosts.AzurePublicCloud
};
// This is the incoming token to exchange using on-behalf-of flow
var oboToken = HttpContext.Request.Headers.First(h => h.Key == "Authorization").Value.ToString().Replace("Bearer ", "");
var cca = ConfidentialClientApplicationBuilder
.Create(clientId)
.WithTenantId(tenantId)
.WithClientSecret(clientSecret)
.Build();
// DelegateAuthenticationProvider is a simple auth provider implementation
// that allows you to define an async function to retrieve a token
// Alternatively, you can create a class that implements IAuthenticationProvider
// for more complex scenarios
var authProvider = new DelegateAuthenticationProvider(async (request) => {
// Use Microsoft.Identity.Client to retrieve token
var assertion = new UserAssertion(oboToken);
var result = await cca.AcquireTokenOnBehalfOf(scopes, assertion).ExecuteAsync();
request.Headers.Authorization =
new System.Net.Http.Headers.AuthenticationHeaderValue("Bearer", result.AccessToken);
});
var graphClient = new GraphServiceClient(authProvider);
And it kinds of work, because the request is made, but the server throws an error:
AADSTS5002727: Invalid JWT header type specified. Allowed types: 'JWT','http://openid.net/specs/jwt/1.0'.
I checked my token on JWT.io, and the typ is at+jwt... Why? Why is MS sending me a type of token that it doesn't support? How can I change it from my side so it's a plain JWT?
Thanks for any advice, and any other possible solution for this.
To resolve the error "AADSTS5002727: Invalid JWT header type specified. Allowed types: JWT,http ://openid.net/specs/jwt/1.0" , please try the below if helpful:
Please check the version of .Net core you are currently using to generate the token. Try using .Net core 2.2 with IS4.
Try setting IdentityServerOptions.AccessTokenJwtType to empty string or JWT on IdentityServerOptions.
In the mentioned code, replace var oboToken variable directly with the value of token.
var oboToken = "JWT_TOKEN_TO_EXCHANGE";
Please note the below point from MsDoc :
Don't attempt to validate or read tokens for any API you don't own,
including the tokens in this example, in your code. Tokens for Microsoft services can use a special format that will not validate as
a JWT, and may also be encrypted for consumer (Microsoft account)
users
If still the error persists, try upgrading clients to a new token validation library that works with the new style tokens.
Please check whether the below links give you any pointer to resolve the issue:
JWT Token always Invalid · Issue #905 · openiddict/openiddict-core · GitHub
IdentityServer .Net Core 3.0 & Owin/Katana Token validation · Issue #3705 · IdentityServer/IdentityServer4 · GitHub

OpenID Connect from Swagger UI with PKCE and Okta in .Net Core

After stepping around controller authorization in the debugger for the past 4 weeks, I finally decided to tackle OpenID Connect authentication in my Swashbuckle-supported .NetCore 5 API. I wish I hadn't, because I spent almost a day so far without a working solution.
Here is a brief recap.
Support for OpenID Connect in Swagger-UI is very recent. The only place where I found this information was in Helen's comment to this question. Swagger Ui 3.38.0 is only available in Swashbuckle 6.0.7.
Once upgraded to the latest Swashbuckle, I started to see a bunch of "discovered" authorization options in Swagger UI. Alas, PKCE does not appear to be in use, based on the error, even though I explicitly set it in Startup.cs:
.UseSwaggerUI(c => c.OAuthUsePkce());
Also, the ClientSecret there does not make sense, because PKCE is supposed to replace this (and I actually don't have a client secret).
My question, does anybody have OpenID Connect with PKCE and Okta working in Swagger UI?
Auth ErrorError, error: invalid_client, description: Browser requests to the token endpoint must use Proof Key for Code Exchange.
I've recently sitched from an implicit flow to code+pkce flow. I ran into the same issue. The key was to configure the token endopoint url. Swagger UI will still show you the client credentials input box, but you can leave this empty when authorizing.
var securityDefinition = new OpenApiSecurityScheme
{
Type = SecuritySchemeType.OAuth2,
Scheme = "Bearer",
In = ParameterLocation.Header,
Name = "Authorization",
Flows = new OpenApiOAuthFlows
{
AuthorizationCode = new OpenApiOAuthFlow
{
AuthorizationUrl = new Uri(azureAdOptions.AuthorizeEndpoint),
TokenUrl = new Uri(azureAdOptions.TokenEndpoint),
Scopes = azureAdOptions.Applications["Api"].Scopes.ToDictionary(e => e.Value, e => e.Key)
}
}
};
c.AddSecurityDefinition(
"oauth2",
securityDefinition);
I obviously still have to enable pkce support on the SwaggerUiOptions
internal static void ConfigureUi(SwaggerUIOptions c, IConfiguration configuration, string apiName, string environmentName)
{
c.OAuthUsePkce();
}
I use Azure AD, here are the values I've used:
AuthorizationUrl: https://login.microsoftonline.com/organizations/oauth2/v2.0/authorize
TokenUrl: https://login.microsoftonline.com/organizations/oauth2/v2.0/token
Scopes: custom-value
The commit below contains all the details of how it's implemented. It also contains a test sample.
Add support to PKCE for SwaggerUI & update OAuth2Integration sample

Can I create an Identity Server 4 ASP.NET Core API using 2 different token authentication middleware?

I am trying to figure out if its possible to write an ASP.NET Core API that consumes an identity server token using either Reference Tokens or JWT tokens based on whatever I've configured my identity server to use. The back-end configuration for IS4 is pretty easy, I'm just not convinced that I can configure 2 different token middlewares and my service will both be ok with it and know what to do.
So the idea is:
If my API gets a jwtToken, it attempts to use the jwt middleware for authorization back to identity server.
If my API gets a reference token, it attempts to use the introspection middleware for authorization back to identity server.
Obviously, if the wrong type of token is provided for whatever is configured on the IS4 service, it will fail.
Handling the token endpoint and revocation endpoint should also be easy enough, it's just the middleware magic I'm concerned with.
I know typically you wouldn't want to do this but we have a niche use case for it. All I'm currently concerned with is whether or not its even possible. I'm not familiar with how the auth middleware works in the back-end.
According to the Identity Server 4 Protecting APIs document, we can see that it supports to use both JWTs and reference tokens in asp.net core.
You can setup ASP.NET Core to dispatch to the right handler based on the incoming token, see this blog post for more information.
services.AddAuthentication("token")
// JWT tokens
.AddJwtBearer("token", options =>
{
options.Authority = Constants.Authority;
options.Audience = "resource1";
options.TokenValidationParameters.ValidTypes = new[] { "at+jwt" };
// if token does not contain a dot, it is a reference token
options.ForwardDefaultSelector = Selector.ForwardReferenceToken("introspection");
})
// reference tokens
.AddOAuth2Introspection("introspection", options =>
{
options.Authority = Constants.Authority;
options.ClientId = "resource1";
options.ClientSecret = "secret";
});
Supporting both JWTs and reference tokens
In addition to #Zhi Lv post you might need to add Authorization policy, Authentication Schemes to allow validating JWT and reference tokens.
Here is the sample code template replace api name, api secret and audience appropriatly.
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
services.AddControllers();
services.AddAuthentication(IdentityServerAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)
.AddJwtBearer(Options =>
{
Options.Authority = "https://identity.domain.com/identity/";
Options.Audience = "resource1"; //your api baseurl e.g if you want userinfo_endpoint specify https://identity.domain.com/identity/connect/userinfo
Options.TokenValidationParameters.ValidTypes = new[] { "at+jwt" };
})
.AddIdentityServerAuthentication(options =>
{
options.Authority = "https://identity.domain.com/identity/";
options.ApiName = "api name / scope";
options.ApiSecret = "api secret / scope secret";
});
services.AddAuthorization(options =>
{
options.AddPolicy("tokens", x =>
{
x.AddAuthenticationSchemes("jwt", "introspection");
x.RequireAuthenticatedUser();
});
});
}
The way I would do it is to use introspection and claims caching in both cases, so that the API does not need to know or care which type of access token it receives.
The introspection would only occur when an access token is first received. Subsequent requests with the same token then use cached claims.
RESOURCES
Blog Post
Sample C# Code

Identity Server 4 Client Credentials for custom endpoint on token Server

I implemented a token server using Identity Server 4.
I added a custom API endpoint to the token server and struggle with the authentication. The custom endpoint is inherited from ControllerBase and has 3 methods (GET, POST, DELETE).
I intend to call the custom endpoint from within another API using a dedicated client with credentials (server to server) implemented as HttpClient in .NET Core. There is no user involved into this.
For getting the access token I use the IdentityModel DiscoveryClient and TokenEndpoint.
So in sum I did the following so far:
setup "regular" identity server and validate it works -> it works
implement custom endpoint and test it without authorizatio -> it works
add another api resource ("api.auth") with a custom scope "api.auth.endpoint1"
setup a client with client credentials allowing access to scope "api.auth.endpoint1".
implement the HttpClient and test setup -> I get an access token via the Identity Model Token Endpoint.
Now, when I call the endpoint using the HttpClient with the access token I received I get response code 200 (OK) but the content is the login page of the identity server.
The documentation of Identity Server 4 state the use of
services.AddAuthentication()
.AddIdentityServerAuthentication("token", isAuth =>
{
isAuth.Authority = "base_address_of_identityserver";
isAuth.ApiName = "name_of_api";
});
as well as the use of
[Authorize(AuthenticationSchemes = "token")]
Unfortunatly the compiler state that .AddIdentityServerAuthentication can't be found. Do I miss a special nuget?
The nugets I use on the token server so far are:
IdentityServer4 (v2.2.0)
IdentityServer4.AspNetIdentity (v2.1.0)
IdentityServer4.EntityFramework (v2.1.1)
Figured out that part. The missing nuget for AddIdentityServerAuthentication is:
IdentityServer4.AccessTokenValidation
Struggling with the authorization based on the custom scope.
Does anyone know how the security has to be configured?
Configure a client with ClientGrantTypes = client_credentials and your api like this:
services
.AddAuthentication(JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)
.AddIdentityServerAuthentication(options =>
{
options.Authority = "http://localhost:5000";
options.ApiName = "api.auth";
});
Where ApiName is the name of the resource. Please note that resource != scope. In most samples the resource name is equal to the scope name. But not in your case, where resource name is api.auth and scope name is api.auth.endpoint1.
Configure the client to request the scope.
var tokenClient = new TokenClient(disco.TokenEndpoint, clientId, secret);
var tokenResponse = await tokenClient.RequestClientCredentialsAsync("api.auth.endpoint1");
IdentityServer will lookup the Resource name and add that to the token as audience (aud) while the scope is added as claim with type scope.
This should be enough to make it work. Also check the sample project.
Custom authentication scheme and scope based policies for different access rights bundled together looks like that:
// Startup.ConfigureServices
services
.AddAuthentication(JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)
.AddIdentityServerAuthentication("CustomAuthEndpointsAuthenticationScheme", options =>
{
options.Authority = "http://localhost:5000";
options.ApiName = "api.auth"; //IdentityServer4.Models.ApiResource.Name aka Audience
});
services.AddAuthorization(options =>
{
options.AddPolicy("Endpoint1Policy", policy => {
policy.AddAuthenticationSchemes(new string[] { "CustomAuthEndpointsAuthenticationScheme" });
policy.RequireScope("api.auth.endpoint1"); } ); //IdentityServer4.Models.Scope.Name
options.AddPolicy("Endpoint2Policy", policy => {
policy.AddAuthenticationSchemes(new string[] { "CustomAuthEndpointsAuthenticationScheme" });
policy.RequireScope("api.auth.endpoint2"); } ); //IdentityServer4.Models.Scope.Name
} );
// securing the custom endpoint controllers with different access rights
[Authorize(AuthenticationSchemes = "CustomAuthEndpointsAuthenticationScheme", Policy = "Endpoint1Policy")]
It seems not to interfere with the IdentityServer4 default endpoints nor with the ASP.NET Core Identity part.

What is AdalDistributedTokenCache when using OpenID Connect in ASP.NET Core 2.0?

The code shown here is my attempt to perform authentication in ASP.NET Core 2.0 against my Azure AD tenant.
The interesting part is my next set of objectives upon receiving an authentication code.
I want put the authenticated user's AD Groups into claims and have them passed along to my policy-based authorisation registrations.
To achieve this, I exchange the authorisation code for an access token.
Upon obtaining access token, I use Microsoft Graph SDK to retrieve the authenticated user's AD Groups.
Question 1: I have seen examples where the access token is stored in a cache IDistributedCache. Why is this important and what risk is there in not performing this step and what exactly is AdalDistributedTokenCache?
e.g.
var cache = new AdalDistributedTokenCache(distributedCache, userId);
var authContext = new AuthenticationContext(ctx.Options.Authority, cache);
I find the access token is always at hand via
string accessToken = await HttpContext.GetTokenAsync("access_token");
Question 2: After retrieving groups, if I add these as claims to the Principal, can I then use them to drive authorization policies as described here?
Policy-based authorisation in ASP.NET Core
Question 3: Does the access token and id token along with the claims I add end up inside the cookie?
Question 4: How can I force Azure AD to return AD Roles as claims (not groups as I can get these via Graph) without having to change some kind of manifest?
Full code
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
services.AddAuthentication(options =>
{
options.DefaultScheme = CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme;
options.DefaultChallengeScheme = OpenIdConnectDefaults.AuthenticationScheme;
})
.AddCookie()
.AddOpenIdConnect(options =>
{
Configuration.GetSection("OpenIdConnect").Bind(options);
options.SaveTokens = true;
options.Events = new OpenIdConnectEvents
{
OnAuthorizationCodeReceived = async ctx =>
{
// Exchange authorization code for access token
var request = ctx.HttpContext.Request;
var currentUri = UriHelper.BuildAbsolute(request.Scheme, request.Host, request.PathBase, request.Path);
var credential = new ClientCredential(ctx.Options.ClientId, ctx.Options.ClientSecret);
var authContext = new AuthenticationContext(ctx.Options.Authority);
var result = await authContext.AcquireTokenByAuthorizationCodeAsync(
ctx.ProtocolMessage.Code, new Uri(currentUri), credential, ctx.Options.Resource);
// Use Microsoft Graph SDK to retrieve AD Groups
var email = ctx.Principal.Claims.First(f => f.Type == ClaimTypes.Upn).Value;
GraphServiceClient client = new GraphServiceClient(
new DelegateAuthenticationProvider(
async requestMessage => {
var accessToken = result.AccessToken;
requestMessage.Headers.Authorization =
new AuthenticationHeaderValue("Bearer", accessToken);
}));
var groups = await client.Users[email].GetMemberGroups(false).Request()
.PostAsync();
// Do something with groups
ctx.HandleCodeRedemption(result.AccessToken, result.IdToken);
}
};
});
services.AddMvc()
.AddRazorPagesOptions(options =>
{
options.Conventions.AuthorizePage("/Index");
});
}
Question 1: I have seen examples where the access token is stored in a cache IDistributedCache. Why is this important and what risk is there in not performing this step and what exactly is AdalDistributedTokenCache?
ADAL uses an in-memory token cache by default where it keeps the access and refresh tokens it acquires.
By using a distributed cache backed by e.g. Redis, all of the instances hosting the app can access the token cache.
This is required if the app runs behind a load balancer, and also prevents the data from being lost when the app restarts.
Question 2: After retrieving groups, if I add these as claims to the Principal, can I then use them to drive authorization policies as described here?
You can add a new identity on the user principal, similar to my article: https://joonasw.net/view/adding-custom-claims-aspnet-core-2.
It should work if you add the identity in the OnAuthorizationCodeReceived handler.
They will be stored as claims using the default sign-in scheme, which is Cookies in your case.
So yes, you can use them in policies then.
Question 3: Does the access token and id token along with the claims I add end up inside the cookie?
Yes, they are all persisted in the cookie.
However, you should use ADAL to get the access token when you need it.
The option to save tokens is not really needed in your case, as long as you set up the ADAL token cache correctly.
Acquiring the token: https://github.com/juunas11/aspnetcore2aadauth/blob/master/Core2AadAuth/Startup.cs#L75
Using a token: https://github.com/juunas11/aspnetcore2aadauth/blob/master/Core2AadAuth/Controllers/HomeController.cs#L89
The sample app first creates a token cache for the signed-in user.
Then, we use ADAL's AcquireTokenSilentAsync method to get an access token silently.
This means ADAL will return the cached access token, or if it has expired, uses the cached refresh token to get a new access token.
If both of those fail, an exception is thrown.
In the case of the sample app, there is an exception filter that catches the exception and redirects the user to login: https://github.com/juunas11/aspnetcore2aadauth/blob/master/Core2AadAuth/Filters/AdalTokenAcquisitionExceptionFilter.cs
Question 4: How can I force Azure AD to return AD Roles as claims (not groups as I can get these via Graph) without having to change some kind of manifest?
If you mean roles like Global Administrator, you cannot get that in claims.
Roles which you define in the app manifest, and assign to users/groups are always included in the token. https://joonasw.net/view/defining-permissions-and-roles-in-aad