Say I have a table results that contains a score column that is an array full of scores:
CREATE TABLE results (
id serial PRIMARY KEY,
scores numeric[]
);
I would like to update the table so that I round each score to 4 decimal places.
I have created a rounding function round_numeric_array that works for a single array value:
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION round_numeric_array (numeric[]) RETURNS numeric[]
LANGUAGE SQL
AS $$
SELECT array_agg(round(unnest($1), 4))
$$;
But how do I apply it to every value in the table? I've been trying
UPDATE results SET scores = round_numeric_array(scores)
But I get a set-valued function called in context that cannot accept a set error. Any ideas?
Place the unnest() function in the FROM clause:
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION round_numeric_array (numeric[])
RETURNS numeric[]
IMMUTABLE
LANGUAGE SQL
AS $$
SELECT array_agg(round(elem, 4))
FROM unnest($1) as arr(elem);
$$;
Note, that the function is immutable, read more in the documentation.
Related
I am trying to compute a aggregated tsrange from a set of row that I extract from an SQL query. Problem is that I keep getting errors that the input parameter is not being passed in.
CREATE OR REPLACE AGGREGATE range_merge(anyrange)
(
sfunc = range_merge,
stype = anyrange
);
DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS aggregate_validity(entity_name regclass, entry bigint);
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION aggregate_validity(entity_name regclass, entry bigint) returns tsrange AS
$$
DECLARE
result tsrange;
BEGIN
EXECUTE format('select range_merge(valid) from %s where entity_id = %U', entity_name, entry) into result;
return result;
END
$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
When I do:
select * from aggregate_validity(country, 1);
I get an error stating that the entity name and entry do not exist. It does not seem to parameterize the input into the statement properly.
Function:
EXECUTE format('select range_merge(valid) from %s where entity_id=%U',entity_name, entry)
into result;
=>
EXECUTE format('select range_merge(valid) from %I where entity_id=%s',entity_name, entry)
into result;
--%I for identifier, %s for value
Call:
select * from aggregate_validity(country, 1)
=>
select * from aggregate_validity('country', 1);
db<>fiddle demo
CREATE OR REPLACE AGGREGATE range_merge(anyrange) (
SFUNC = range_merge
, STYPE = anyrange
);
-- DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS aggregate_validity(entity_name regclass, entry bigint);
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION aggregate_validity(entity_name regclass, entry bigint, OUT result tsrange)
LANGUAGE plpgsql AS
$func$
BEGIN
EXECUTE 'SELECT range_merge(valid) FROM ' || entity_name || ' WHERE entity_id = $1'
INTO result
USING entry;
END
$func$;
Call:
SELECT aggregate_validity('country', 1);
db<>fiddle here
The call does not need SELECT * FROM, as the function returns a single value per definition.
I used an OUT parameter to simplify (OUT result tsrange). See:
Returning from a function with OUT parameter
Don't concatenate the entry value into the SQL string. Pass it as value with the USING clause. Cleaner, faster.
Since entity_name is passed as regclass, it's safe to simply concatenate (which is a bit cheaper). See:
Table name as a PostgreSQL function parameter
Plus, missing quotes and incorrect format specifiers, as Lukasz already provided.
Your custom aggregate function range_merge() has some caveats:
I wouldn't name it "range_merge", that being the name of the plain function range_merge(), too. While that's legal, it still invites confusing errors.
You are aware that the function range_merge() includes gaps between input ranges in the output range?
range_merge() returns NULL for any NULL input. So if your table has any NULL values in the column valid, the result is always NULL. I strongly suggest that any involved columns shall be defined as NOT NULL.
If you are at liberty to install additional modules, consider range_agg by Paul Jungwirth who is also here on Stackovflow. It provides the superior function range_agg() addressing some of the mentioned issues.
If you don't want to include gaps, consider the Postgres Wiki page on range aggregation.
I would probably not use aggregate_validity() at all. It obscures the nested functionality from the Postgres query planner and may lead so suboptimal query plans. Typically, you can replace it with a correlated or a LATERAL subquery, which can be planned and optimized by Postgres in context of the outer query. I appended a demo to the fiddle:
db<>fiddle here
Related:
What is the difference between LATERAL and a subquery in PostgreSQL?
I have a table called "points" with a column called "geom" of type geometry.
I want to create a function that returns a table with a column of "geometry" data type. I have been successful in returning a table with my the correct data type when the name of the target table (points) is hardcoded in the "RETURN QUERY" clause.
I want to have the name of the table as an input of the function (in a dynamic way). How can I change this code to accept the name of the target table (called points in this code) as an input?
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION milad_points()
RETURNS TABLE (geom points.geom%TYPE)
AS $$
BEGIN
RETURN QUERY SELECT points.geom FROM points;
END;
$$ LANGUAGE PLPGSQL;
I know that for managing the dynamic queries we have to make it as a string and run it as EXECUTE sql_string. However, I could not get it work in the above-mentioned example.
The only way to do something like that is to use the anyelement data type.
But in order to use anyelement as a return type, you have to specify an anyelement parameter too. It is not important what value you use as argument, but its data type determines the actual data type returned.
See the following example:
CREATE FUNCTION anyfun(tabname name, typdef anyelement) RETURNS SETOF anyelement
LANGUAGE plpgsql STABLE AS
$$BEGIN
RETURN QUERY EXECUTE format('SELECT id FROM %I', tabname);
END;$$;
Now let's test it with two different tables:
CREATE TABLE anytab (id integer);
INSERT INTO anytab VALUES (1), (42);
SELECT * FROM anyfun('anytab', NULL::integer);
anyfun
--------
1
42
(2 rows)
CREATE TABLE anothertab (id text);
INSERT INTO anothertab VALUES ('one'), ('two');
SELECT * FROM anyfun('anothertab', NULL::text);
anyfun
--------
one
two
(2 rows)
In PostgreSQL 11 database I have table with 6 column. Next function return static number of defined columns.
CREATE FUNCTION CALCULATION(INTEGER)
RETURNS TABLE(
ORGANIZATION_ID INT4,
ORGANIZATION_NAME VARCHAR,
ORGANIZATION_RANG INT4,
PARENT_ORGANIZATION_ID INT4,
PARENT_ORGANIZATION_NAME VARCHAR,
PARENT_ORGANIZATION_RANG INT4
) AS $$
SELECT * FROM ANALYTICS;
$$ LANGUAGE SQL;
How can I make an SQL function in Postgres 11 which return a result set with dynamic number of columns according to a parameter passed in?
For example if I call SELECT * FROM CALCULATION(2);, function return first 2 columns.
If this is not possible with an SQL function, is it possible with a PL/pgSQL function?
This is possible for RECORD returning functions.
CREATE FUNCTION calculation(how_many integer) RETURNS SETOF RECORD
LANGUAGE plpgsql
AS $fff$
BEGIN
IF how_many = 1
THEN RETURN QUERY SELECT 'foo'::text;
ELSIF how_many = 2
THEN RETURN QUERY SELECT 'foo'::text, 'bar'::text;
END IF;
END;
$fff$
;
And now you can do:
jbet=> SELECT * FROM calculation(1) AS f(first_col text);
first_col
-----------
foo
(1 row)
jbet=> SELECT * FROM calculation(2) AS f(first_col text, second_col text);
first_col | second_col
-----------+------------
foo | bar
(1 row)
The very serious downside is that each time you call the function you have to define set of returned columns, so I don't think you'll find this answer useful : )
Anyway, Postgresql needs to know returned type of each SELECT before it runs the query, so one or other way you have to define the columns.
JSON return value could be a reasonable answer if you just want the data and don't care if there are separate columns or not.
Backing up a step, why not use a standard select to get the columns you want from your set-returning function?
select organization_name,
organization_rang,
parent_organization_name,
parent_organization_rang
from calculation();
That's easy to follow and flexible. I'm guessing that you've written a simplified example and have a good reason for what you're asking...but I figured I'd double-check.
I would like to use a plpgsql function with a table and several columns as input parameter. The idea is to split the table in chunks and do something with each part.
I tried the following function:
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION my_func(Integer)
RETURNS SETOF my_part
AS $$
DECLARE
out my_part;
BEGIN
FOR i IN 0..$1 LOOP
FOR out IN
SELECT * FROM my_func2(SELECT * FROM table1 WHERE id = i)
LOOP
RETURN NEXT out;
END LOOP;
END LOOP;
RETURN;
END;
$$
LANGUAGE plpgsql;
my_func2() is the function that does some work on each smaller part.
CREATE or REPLACE FUNCTION my_func2(table1)
RETURNS SETOF my_part2 AS
$$
BEGIN
RETURN QUERY
SELECT * FROM table1;
END
$$
LANGUAGE plpgsql;
If I run:
SELECT * FROM my_func(99);
I guess I should receive the first 99 IDs processed for each id.
But it says there is an error for the following line:
SELECT * FROM my_func2(select * from table1 where id = i)
The error is:
The subquery is only allowed to return one column
Why does this happen? Is there an easy way to fix this?
There are multiple misconceptions here. Study the basics before you try advanced magic.
Postgres does not have "table variables". You can only pass 1 column or row at a time to a function. Use a temporary table or a refcursor (like commented by #Daniel) to pass a whole table. The syntax is invalid in multiple places, so it's unclear whether that's what you are actually trying.
Even if it is: it would probably be better to process one row at a time or rethink your approach and use a set-based operation (plain SQL) instead of passing cursors.
The data types my_part and my_part2 are undefined in your question. May be a shortcoming of the question or a problem in the test case.
You seem to expect that the table name table1 in the function body of my_func2() refers to the function parameter of the same (type!) name, but this is fundamentally wrong in at least two ways:
You can only pass values. A table name is an identifier, not a value. You would need to build a query string dynamically and execute it with EXECUTE in a plpgsql function. Try a search, many related answers her on SO. Then again, that may also not be what you wanted.
table1 in CREATE or REPLACE FUNCTION my_func2(table1) is a type name, not a parameter name. It means your function expects a value of the type table1. Obviously, you have a table of the same name, so it's supposed to be the associated row type.
The RETURN type of my_func2() must match what you actually return. Since you are returning SELECT * FROM table1, make that RETURNS SETOF table1.
It can just be a simple SQL function.
All of that put together:
CREATE or REPLACE FUNCTION my_func2(_row table1)
RETURNS SETOF table1 AS
'SELECT ($1).*' LANGUAGE sql;
Note the parentheses, which are essential for decomposing a row type. Per documentation:
The parentheses are required here to show that compositecol is a column name not a table name
But there is more ...
Don't use out as variable name, it's a keyword of the CREATE FUNCTION statement.
The syntax of your main query my_func() is more like psudo-code. Too much doesn't add up.
Proof of concept
Demo table:
CREATE TABLE table1(table1_id serial PRIMARY KEY, txt text);
INSERT INTO table1(txt) VALUES ('a'),('b'),('c'),('d'),('e'),('f'),('g');
Helper function:
CREATE or REPLACE FUNCTION my_func2(_row table1)
RETURNS SETOF table1 AS
'SELECT ($1).*' LANGUAGE sql;
Main function:
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION my_func(int)
RETURNS SETOF table1 AS
$func$
DECLARE
rec table1;
BEGIN
FOR i IN 0..$1 LOOP
FOR rec IN
SELECT * FROM table1 WHERE table1_id = i
LOOP
RETURN QUERY
SELECT * FROM my_func2(rec);
END LOOP;
END LOOP;
END
$func$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
Call:
SELECT * FROM my_func(99);
SQL Fiddle.
But it's really just a a proof of concept. Nothing useful, yet.
As the error log is telling you.. you can return only one column in a subquery, so you have to change it to
SELECT my_func2(SELECT Specific_column_you_need FROM hasval WHERE wid = i)
a possible solution can be that you pass to funct2 the primary key of the table your funct2 needs and then you can obtain the whole table by making the SELECT * inside the function
Is it possible to pass the results of a postgres query as an input into another function?
As a very contrived example, say I have one query like
SELECT id, name
FROM users
LIMIT 50
and I want to create a function my_function that takes the resultset of the first query and returns the minimum id. Is this possible in pl/pgsql?
SELECT my_function(SELECT id, name FROM Users LIMIT 50); --returns 50
You could use a cursor, but that very impractical for computing a minimum.
I would use a temporary table for that purpose, and pass the table name for use in dynamic SQL:
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION f_min_id(_tbl regclass, OUT min_id int) AS
$func$
BEGIN
EXECUTE 'SELECT min(id) FROM ' || _tbl
INTO min_id;
END
$func$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
Call:
CREATE TEMP TABLE foo ON COMMIT DROP AS
SELECT id, name
FROM users
LIMIT 50;
SELECT f_min_id('foo');
Major points
The first parameter is of type regclass to prevent SQL injection. More info in this related answer on dba.SE.
I made the temp table ON COMMIT DROP to limit its lifetime to the current transaction. May or may not be what you want.
You can extend this example to take more parameters. Search for code examples for dynamic SQL with EXECUTE.
-> SQLfiddle demo
I would take the problem on the other side, calling an aggregate function for each record of the result set. It's not as flexible but can gives you an hint to work on.
As an exemple to follow your sample problem:
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION myMin ( int,int ) RETURNS int AS $$
SELECT CASE WHEN $1 < $2 THEN $1 ELSE $2 END;
$$ LANGUAGE SQL STRICT IMMUTABLE;
CREATE AGGREGATE my_function ( int ) (
SFUNC = myMin, STYPE = int, INITCOND = 2147483647 --maxint
);
SELECT my_function(id) from (SELECT * FROM Users LIMIT 50) x;
It is not possible to pass an array of generic type RECORD to a plpgsql function which is essentially what you are trying to do.
What you can do is pass in an array of a specific user defined TYPE or of a particular table row type. In the example below you could also swap out the argument data type for the table name users[] (though this would obviously mean getting all data in the users table row).
CREATE TYPE trivial {
"ID" integer,
"NAME" text
}
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION trivial_func(data trivial[])
RETURNS integer AS
$BODY$
DECLARE
BEGIN
--Implementation here using data
return 1;
END$BODY$
LANGUAGE 'plpgsql' VOLATILE;
I think there's no way to pass recordset or table into function (but I'd be glad if i'm wrong). Best I could suggest is to pass array:
create or replace function my_function(data int[])
returns int
as
$$
select min(x) from unnest(data) as x
$$
language SQL;
sql fiddle demo