Internet access Server 2012 R2 - sql-server-2012

I have a Server 2012 R2 that I connect through via RDC however we need to have this server be able to access the internet. When I try to access an internal site this seems to work fine. However when I try to access a simple webpage, I cannot get through to any outside site such as bing.com, yahoo.com or google.com.
I'm very new to server administration so any help would be greatly appreciated. I may not understand it (yet) completely though so please bear with me.
FWIW: The overall goal is to have this server run scripts that I write (or have already written) that pull data from various sites. This data is then transformed and uploaded to our databases for analysis.
Thanks in advance and again, please forgive my server administration ignorance.

I would check the settings on the firewall between your server machine and the internet. Can you reach external web sites from a browser running on the server machine?
Note: Exposing a server to the internet is a perilous thing to do.

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Connecting SQL Server (On-prem) to Powerapps

I've created a SQL Server Express instance and setup a Data Gateway within powerapps.
The Gateway appears properly in the SQL Server dialog window, but when I add the credentials it pauses for a minute then returns a DMTS_EncryptClusterCredentialsErrorCode error message.
After looking at this with a Server Admin for ~1 hour we were unable to figure out what the issue is. We have TCP/IP enabled and are able to connect to the Database in question properly from our desktops, so it shouldn't be an issue with the db setup.
Anyone have experience with connecting SQL Server 2017 Express to Powerapps or know anything about this error message?
I ended up submitting a ticket to MS regarding this issue and after working with the rep for a while, it came down to toggling the https switch.
Hope this saves someone the hassle of going through MS support.

Can't connect to Azure sql server or even ping

I can't connect to my Azure SQL Database that I have hosted on MS Azure.I have tried with Visual Studio and MSSM with no luck.
I can't seem to work out how I could possibly be going wrong. I allowed access to the server on all IPs.
I am using the correct login info.
I dont seem to be even able to ping the server, despite it showing no issues in the Azure interface.
The server is located at: kkbpeyaf0t.database.windows.net
I tried to connect to the URL you provided using SSMS and it gave me a login failed (which I expected), so that tells me that the database is running and that you did indeed open up the IP ranges to allow anything (which isn't a best practice, but I'm assuming you did this as part of your troubleshooting). IF the Azure SQL DB firewall was still in the way it would block immediately indicating so.
I would think that if you have the correct username and password combination it should connect. Make sure that your outbound port 1433 isn't being blocked by your own firewall (machine, work, ISP, etc.).
Azure SQL Database won't respond to pings.
Docs can be found on MSDN.

How to access remote sql server via VPN?

Well i am familiar with this kind of statement: "And i am gonna state the obvious here, but it is generally a bad idea to expose your sql server on the internet.. (unless you are using VPN)".
Ok then, if it's a bad idea, can anyone please show me how to do it via VPN? Please correct my question if i am wrong. Thank you!
PL: C#, SQL SERVER 2000
The first thing you will need is a VPN client. There are tons of them available, and few of them are even free. One such example of VPN client is LogmeIn (paid software for enterprise use). Please follow the steps mentioned in below link to setup LogmeIn VPN and share sql server database securely.
https://www.sixbitsoftware.com/docs/webhelp_prosb/Sharing_a_Database_Over_a_Virtual_Private_Network_(VPN).htm
Note: Assuming you want to know how to share a sql server database securely using VPN.
It depends on what you're running. Some/most server software applications have an option for it. Windows Server for example has RRAS (Routing and Remote Access Services)
Related question: Not connecting to SQL Server over VPN

Issues connecting to sql server from outside domain

I am having issues connecting to sql server either through SSMS or my C# application.
One thing to note is that I am out of my work domain. But I have in the past worked from home before and didn't had any issues. Maybe once but I restarted and it worked. But it's not working today.
Microsoft SQL Server ERROR 2
Establish whether the correct port is open and listening (TCP port 1433 by default) you may need to speak to your network administrator for this.
The SQL Server Browser Service may also need to be running.
If not the above then perhaps an authentication issue...
Finally managed to fix it. Logged on to sql server configuration manager and under sql server services I noticed that all the services were stopped. Just started the SQL Server (MSSQLSERVER) manually and everything is back to normal.
Thank you everyone for your time and input. Much appreciated.