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I have a need to create a function the will return nth element of a delimited string.
For a data migration project, I am converting JSON audit records stored in a SQL Server database into a structured report using SQL script. Goal is to deliver a sql script and a sql function used by the script without any code.
(This is a short-term fix will be used while a new auditing feature is added the ASP.NET/MVC application)
There is no shortage of delimited string to table examples available.
I've chosen a Common Table Expression example http://www.sqlperformance.com/2012/07/t-sql-queries/split-strings
Example: I want to return 67 from '1,222,2,67,888,1111'
This is the easiest answer to rerieve the 67 (type-safe!!):
SELECT CAST('<x>' + REPLACE('1,222,2,67,888,1111',',','</x><x>') + '</x>' AS XML).value('/x[4]','int')
In the following you will find examples how to use this with variables for the string, the delimiter and the position (even for edge-cases with XML-forbidden characters)
The easy one
This question is not about a string split approach, but about how to get the nth element. The easiest, fully inlineable way would be this IMO:
This is a real one-liner to get part 2 delimited by a space:
DECLARE #input NVARCHAR(100)=N'part1 part2 part3';
SELECT CAST(N'<x>' + REPLACE(#input,N' ',N'</x><x>') + N'</x>' AS XML).value('/x[2]','nvarchar(max)')
Variables can be used with sql:variable() or sql:column()
Of course you can use variables for delimiter and position (use sql:column to retrieve the position directly from a query's value):
DECLARE #dlmt NVARCHAR(10)=N' ';
DECLARE #pos INT = 2;
SELECT CAST(N'<x>' + REPLACE(#input,#dlmt,N'</x><x>') + N'</x>' AS XML).value('/x[sql:variable("#pos")][1]','nvarchar(max)')
Edge-Case with XML-forbidden characters
If your string might include forbidden characters, you still can do it this way. Just use FOR XML PATH on your string first to replace all forbidden characters with the fitting escape sequence implicitly.
It's a very special case if - additionally - your delimiter is the semicolon. In this case I replace the delimiter first to '#DLMT#', and replace this to the XML tags finally:
SET #input=N'Some <, > and &;Other äöü#€;One more';
SET #dlmt=N';';
SELECT CAST(N'<x>' + REPLACE((SELECT REPLACE(#input,#dlmt,'#DLMT#') AS [*] FOR XML PATH('')),N'#DLMT#',N'</x><x>') + N'</x>' AS XML).value('/x[sql:variable("#pos")][1]','nvarchar(max)');
UPDATE for SQL-Server 2016+
Regretfully the developers forgot to return the part's index with STRING_SPLIT. But, using SQL-Server 2016+, there is JSON_VALUE and OPENJSON.
With JSON_VALUE we can pass in the position as the index' array.
For OPENJSON the documentation states clearly:
When OPENJSON parses a JSON array, the function returns the indexes of the elements in the JSON text as keys.
A string like 1,2,3 needs nothing more than brackets: [1,2,3].
A string of words like this is an example needs to be ["this","is","an"," example"].
These are very easy string operations. Just try it out:
DECLARE #str VARCHAR(100)='Hello John Smith';
DECLARE #position INT = 2;
--We can build the json-path '$[1]' using CONCAT
SELECT JSON_VALUE('["' + REPLACE(#str,' ','","') + '"]',CONCAT('$[',#position-1,']'));
--See this for a position safe string-splitter (zero-based):
SELECT JsonArray.[key] AS [Position]
,JsonArray.[value] AS [Part]
FROM OPENJSON('["' + REPLACE(#str,' ','","') + '"]') JsonArray
In this post I tested various approaches and found, that OPENJSON is really fast. Even much faster than the famous "delimitedSplit8k()" method...
UPDATE 2 - Get the values type-safe
We can use an array within an array simply by using doubled [[]]. This allows for a typed WITH-clause:
DECLARE #SomeDelimitedString VARCHAR(100)='part1|1|20190920';
DECLARE #JsonArray NVARCHAR(MAX)=CONCAT('[["',REPLACE(#SomeDelimitedString,'|','","'),'"]]');
SELECT #SomeDelimitedString AS TheOriginal
,#JsonArray AS TransformedToJSON
,ValuesFromTheArray.*
FROM OPENJSON(#JsonArray)
WITH(TheFirstFragment VARCHAR(100) '$[0]'
,TheSecondFragment INT '$[1]'
,TheThirdFragment DATE '$[2]') ValuesFromTheArray
Here is my initial solution...
It is based on work by Aaron Bertrand http://www.sqlperformance.com/2012/07/t-sql-queries/split-strings
I simply changed the return type to make it a scalar function.
Example:
SELECT dbo.GetSplitString_CTE('1,222,2,67,888,1111',',',4)
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.GetSplitString_CTE
(
#List VARCHAR(MAX),
#Delimiter VARCHAR(255),
#ElementNumber int
)
RETURNS VARCHAR(4000)
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE #result varchar(4000)
DECLARE #Items TABLE ( position int IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
Item VARCHAR(4000)
)
DECLARE #ll INT = LEN(#List) + 1, #ld INT = LEN(#Delimiter);
WITH a AS
(
SELECT
[start] = 1,
[end] = COALESCE(NULLIF(CHARINDEX(#Delimiter,
#List, #ld), 0), #ll),
[value] = SUBSTRING(#List, 1,
COALESCE(NULLIF(CHARINDEX(#Delimiter,
#List, #ld), 0), #ll) - 1)
UNION ALL
SELECT
[start] = CONVERT(INT, [end]) + #ld,
[end] = COALESCE(NULLIF(CHARINDEX(#Delimiter,
#List, [end] + #ld), 0), #ll),
[value] = SUBSTRING(#List, [end] + #ld,
COALESCE(NULLIF(CHARINDEX(#Delimiter,
#List, [end] + #ld), 0), #ll)-[end]-#ld)
FROM a
WHERE [end] < #ll
)
INSERT #Items SELECT [value]
FROM a
WHERE LEN([value]) > 0
OPTION (MAXRECURSION 0);
SELECT #result=Item
FROM #Items
WHERE position=#ElementNumber
RETURN #result;
END
GO
How about:
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.NTH_ELEMENT (#Input NVARCHAR(MAX), #Delim CHAR = '-', #N INT = 0)
RETURNS NVARCHAR(MAX)
AS
BEGIN
RETURN (SELECT VALUE FROM STRING_SPLIT(#Input, #Delim) ORDER BY (SELECT NULL) OFFSET #N ROWS FETCH NEXT 1 ROW ONLY)
END
On Azure SQL Database, and on SQL Server 2022, STRING_SPLIT now has an optional ordinal parameter. If the parameter is omitted, or 0 is passed, then the function acts as it did before, and just returns a value column and the order is not guaranteed. If you pass the parameter with the value 1 then the function returns 2 columns, value, and ordinal which (unsurprisingly) provides the ordinal position of the value within the string.
So, if you wanted the 4th delimited value from the string '1,222,2,67,888,1111' you could do the following:
SELECT [value]
FROM STRING_SPLIT('1,222,2,67,888,1111',',',1)
WHERE ordinal = 4;
If the value was in a column, it would look like this:
SELECT SS.[value]
FROM dbo.YourTable YT
CROSS APPLY STRING_SPLIT(YT.YourColumn,',',1) SS
WHERE SS.ordinal = 4;
#a - the value (f.e. 'a/bb/ccc/dddd/ee/ff/....')
#p - the desired position (1,2,3...)
#d - the delimeter ( '/' )
trim(substring(replace(#a,#d,replicate(' ',len(#a))),(#p-1)*len(#a)+1,len(#a)))
only problem is - if desired part has trailing or leading blanks they get trimmed.
Completely Based on article from https://exceljet.net/formula/split-text-with-delimiter
In a rare moment of lunacy I just thought that split is far easier if we use XML to parse it out for us:
(Using the variables from #Gary Kindel's answer)
declare #xml xml
set #xml = '<split><el>' + replace(#list,#Delimiter,'</el><el>') + '</el></split>'
select
el = split.el.value('.','varchar(max)')
from #xml.nodes('/split/el') split(el))
This lists all elements of the string, split by the specified character.
We can use an xpath test to filter out empty values, and a further xpath test to restrict this to the element we're interested in. In full Gary's function becomes:
alter FUNCTION dbo.GetSplitString_CTE
(
#List VARCHAR(MAX),
#Delimiter VARCHAR(255),
#ElementNumber int
)
RETURNS VARCHAR(max)
AS
BEGIN
-- escape any XML https://dba.stackexchange.com/a/143140/65992
set #list = convert(VARCHAR(MAX),(select #list for xml path(''), type));
declare #xml xml
set #xml = '<split><el>' + replace(#list,#Delimiter,'</el><el>') + '</el></split>'
declare #ret varchar(max)
set #ret = (select
el = split.el.value('.','varchar(max)')
from #xml.nodes('/split/el[string-length(.)>0][position() = sql:variable("#elementnumber")]') split(el))
return #ret
END
you can put this select into UFN. if you need you can customize it for specifying delimiter as well. in that case your ufn will have two input. number Nth and delimiter to use.
DECLARE #tlist varchar(max)='10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,100'
DECLARE #i INT=1, #nth INT=3
While len(#tlist) <> 0
BEGIN
IF #i=#nth
BEGIN
select Case when charindex(',',#tlist) <> 0 Then LEFT(#tlist,charindex(',',#tlist)-1)
Else #tlist
END
END
Select #tlist = Case when charindex(',',#tlist) <> 0 Then substring(#tlist,charindex(',',#tlist)+1,len(#tlist))
Else ''
END
SELECT #i=#i+1
END
Alternatively, one can use xml, nodes() and ROW_NUMBER. We can order the elements based on their document order. For example:
DECLARE #Input VARCHAR(100) = '1a,2b,3c,4d,5e,6f,7g,8h'
,#Number TINYINT = 3
DECLARE #XML XML;
DECLARE #value VARCHAR(100);
SET #XML = CAST('<x>' + REPLACE(#Input,',','</x><x>') + '</x>' AS XML);
WITH DataSource ([rowID], [rowValue]) AS
(
SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY T.c ASC)
,T.c.value('.', 'VARCHAR(100)')
FROM #XML.nodes('./x') T(c)
)
SELECT #value = [rowValue]
FROM DataSource
WHERE [rowID] = #Number;
SELECT #value;
I would rather create a temp table with an identity column and fill it up with output from the SPLIT function.
CREATE TABLE #tblVals(Id INT IDENTITY(1,1), Val NVARCHAR(100))
INSERT INTO #tblVals (Val)
SELECT [value] FROM STRING_SPLIT('Val1-Val3-Val2-Val5', '-')
SELECT * FROM #tblVals
Now you can easily do something like below.
DECLARE #val2 NVARCHAR(100) = (SELECT TOP 1 Val FROM #tblVals WHERE Id = 2)
See the snapshot below:
You can use STRING_SPLIT with ROW_NUMBER:
SELECT value, idx FROM
(
SELECT
value,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY (SELECT NULL)) idx
FROM STRING_SPLIT('Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.', ' ')
) t
WHERE idx=2
returns second element (idx=2): 'ipsum'
We have the answer over below url.
DECLARE # AS VARCHAR(MAX) = 'Pawan1,Pawan2,Pawan4,Pawan3'
SELECT VALUE FROM
(
SELECT VALUE , ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY (SELECT null)) rnk FROM STRING_SPLIT(#, ',')
)x where rnk = 3
GO
https://msbiskills.com/2018/06/15/sql-puzzle-multiple-ways-to-split-a-string-and-get-nth-row-xml-advanced-sql/
I don't have enough reputation to comment, so I am adding an answer. Please adjust as appropriate.
I have a problem with Gary Kindel's answer for cases where there is nothing between the two delimiters
If you do
select * from dbo.GetSplitString_CTE('abc^def^^ghi','^',3)
you get
ghi
instead of an empty string
If you comment out the
WHERE LEN([value]) > 0
line, you get the desired result
I cannot comment on Gary's solution because of my low reputation
I know Gary was referencing another link.
I have struggled to understand why we need this variable
#ld INT = LEN(#Delimiter)
I also don't understand why charindex has to start at the position of length of delimiter, #ld
I tested with many examples with a single character delimiter, and they work. Most of the time, delimiter character is a single character. However, since the developer included the ld as length of delimiter, the code has to work for delimiters that have more than one character
In this case, the following case will fail
11,,,22,,,33,,,44,,,55,,,
I cloned from the codes from this link. http://codebetter.com/raymondlewallen/2005/10/26/quick-t-sql-to-parse-a-delimited-string/
I have tested various scenarios including the delimiters that have more than one character
alter FUNCTION [dbo].[split1]
(
#string1 VARCHAR(8000) -- List of delimited items
, #Delimiter VARCHAR(40) = ',' -- delimiter that separates items
, #ElementNumber int
)
RETURNS varchar(8000)
AS
BEGIN
declare #position int
declare #piece varchar(8000)=''
declare #returnVal varchar(8000)=''
declare #Pattern varchar(50) = '%' + #Delimiter + '%'
declare #counter int =0
declare #ld int = len(#Delimiter)
declare #ls1 int = len (#string1)
declare #foundit int = 0
if patindex(#Pattern , #string1) = 0
return ''
if right(rtrim(#string1),1) <> #Delimiter
set #string1 = #string1 + #Delimiter
set #position = patindex(#Pattern , #string1) + #ld -1
while #position > 0
begin
set #counter = #counter +1
set #ls1 = len (#string1)
if (#ls1 >= #ld)
set #piece = left(#string1, #position - #ld)
else
break
if (#counter = #ElementNumber)
begin
set #foundit = 1
break
end
if len(#string1) > 0
begin
set #string1 = stuff(#string1, 1, #position, '')
set #position = patindex(#Pattern , #string1) + #ld -1
end
else
set #position = -1
end
if #foundit =1
set #returnVal = #piece
else
set #returnVal = ''
return #returnVal
you can create simple table variable and use it as below
Declare #tbl_split Table (Id INT IDENTITY(1,1), VAL VARCHAR(50))
INSERT #tbl_split SELECT VALUE
FROM string_split('999999:01', ':')
Select val from #tbl_split
WHERE Id=2
I have a need to create a function the will return nth element of a delimited string.
For a data migration project, I am converting JSON audit records stored in a SQL Server database into a structured report using SQL script. Goal is to deliver a sql script and a sql function used by the script without any code.
(This is a short-term fix will be used while a new auditing feature is added the ASP.NET/MVC application)
There is no shortage of delimited string to table examples available.
I've chosen a Common Table Expression example http://www.sqlperformance.com/2012/07/t-sql-queries/split-strings
Example: I want to return 67 from '1,222,2,67,888,1111'
This is the easiest answer to rerieve the 67 (type-safe!!):
SELECT CAST('<x>' + REPLACE('1,222,2,67,888,1111',',','</x><x>') + '</x>' AS XML).value('/x[4]','int')
In the following you will find examples how to use this with variables for the string, the delimiter and the position (even for edge-cases with XML-forbidden characters)
The easy one
This question is not about a string split approach, but about how to get the nth element. The easiest, fully inlineable way would be this IMO:
This is a real one-liner to get part 2 delimited by a space:
DECLARE #input NVARCHAR(100)=N'part1 part2 part3';
SELECT CAST(N'<x>' + REPLACE(#input,N' ',N'</x><x>') + N'</x>' AS XML).value('/x[2]','nvarchar(max)')
Variables can be used with sql:variable() or sql:column()
Of course you can use variables for delimiter and position (use sql:column to retrieve the position directly from a query's value):
DECLARE #dlmt NVARCHAR(10)=N' ';
DECLARE #pos INT = 2;
SELECT CAST(N'<x>' + REPLACE(#input,#dlmt,N'</x><x>') + N'</x>' AS XML).value('/x[sql:variable("#pos")][1]','nvarchar(max)')
Edge-Case with XML-forbidden characters
If your string might include forbidden characters, you still can do it this way. Just use FOR XML PATH on your string first to replace all forbidden characters with the fitting escape sequence implicitly.
It's a very special case if - additionally - your delimiter is the semicolon. In this case I replace the delimiter first to '#DLMT#', and replace this to the XML tags finally:
SET #input=N'Some <, > and &;Other äöü#€;One more';
SET #dlmt=N';';
SELECT CAST(N'<x>' + REPLACE((SELECT REPLACE(#input,#dlmt,'#DLMT#') AS [*] FOR XML PATH('')),N'#DLMT#',N'</x><x>') + N'</x>' AS XML).value('/x[sql:variable("#pos")][1]','nvarchar(max)');
UPDATE for SQL-Server 2016+
Regretfully the developers forgot to return the part's index with STRING_SPLIT. But, using SQL-Server 2016+, there is JSON_VALUE and OPENJSON.
With JSON_VALUE we can pass in the position as the index' array.
For OPENJSON the documentation states clearly:
When OPENJSON parses a JSON array, the function returns the indexes of the elements in the JSON text as keys.
A string like 1,2,3 needs nothing more than brackets: [1,2,3].
A string of words like this is an example needs to be ["this","is","an"," example"].
These are very easy string operations. Just try it out:
DECLARE #str VARCHAR(100)='Hello John Smith';
DECLARE #position INT = 2;
--We can build the json-path '$[1]' using CONCAT
SELECT JSON_VALUE('["' + REPLACE(#str,' ','","') + '"]',CONCAT('$[',#position-1,']'));
--See this for a position safe string-splitter (zero-based):
SELECT JsonArray.[key] AS [Position]
,JsonArray.[value] AS [Part]
FROM OPENJSON('["' + REPLACE(#str,' ','","') + '"]') JsonArray
In this post I tested various approaches and found, that OPENJSON is really fast. Even much faster than the famous "delimitedSplit8k()" method...
UPDATE 2 - Get the values type-safe
We can use an array within an array simply by using doubled [[]]. This allows for a typed WITH-clause:
DECLARE #SomeDelimitedString VARCHAR(100)='part1|1|20190920';
DECLARE #JsonArray NVARCHAR(MAX)=CONCAT('[["',REPLACE(#SomeDelimitedString,'|','","'),'"]]');
SELECT #SomeDelimitedString AS TheOriginal
,#JsonArray AS TransformedToJSON
,ValuesFromTheArray.*
FROM OPENJSON(#JsonArray)
WITH(TheFirstFragment VARCHAR(100) '$[0]'
,TheSecondFragment INT '$[1]'
,TheThirdFragment DATE '$[2]') ValuesFromTheArray
Here is my initial solution...
It is based on work by Aaron Bertrand http://www.sqlperformance.com/2012/07/t-sql-queries/split-strings
I simply changed the return type to make it a scalar function.
Example:
SELECT dbo.GetSplitString_CTE('1,222,2,67,888,1111',',',4)
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.GetSplitString_CTE
(
#List VARCHAR(MAX),
#Delimiter VARCHAR(255),
#ElementNumber int
)
RETURNS VARCHAR(4000)
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE #result varchar(4000)
DECLARE #Items TABLE ( position int IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
Item VARCHAR(4000)
)
DECLARE #ll INT = LEN(#List) + 1, #ld INT = LEN(#Delimiter);
WITH a AS
(
SELECT
[start] = 1,
[end] = COALESCE(NULLIF(CHARINDEX(#Delimiter,
#List, #ld), 0), #ll),
[value] = SUBSTRING(#List, 1,
COALESCE(NULLIF(CHARINDEX(#Delimiter,
#List, #ld), 0), #ll) - 1)
UNION ALL
SELECT
[start] = CONVERT(INT, [end]) + #ld,
[end] = COALESCE(NULLIF(CHARINDEX(#Delimiter,
#List, [end] + #ld), 0), #ll),
[value] = SUBSTRING(#List, [end] + #ld,
COALESCE(NULLIF(CHARINDEX(#Delimiter,
#List, [end] + #ld), 0), #ll)-[end]-#ld)
FROM a
WHERE [end] < #ll
)
INSERT #Items SELECT [value]
FROM a
WHERE LEN([value]) > 0
OPTION (MAXRECURSION 0);
SELECT #result=Item
FROM #Items
WHERE position=#ElementNumber
RETURN #result;
END
GO
How about:
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.NTH_ELEMENT (#Input NVARCHAR(MAX), #Delim CHAR = '-', #N INT = 0)
RETURNS NVARCHAR(MAX)
AS
BEGIN
RETURN (SELECT VALUE FROM STRING_SPLIT(#Input, #Delim) ORDER BY (SELECT NULL) OFFSET #N ROWS FETCH NEXT 1 ROW ONLY)
END
On Azure SQL Database, and on SQL Server 2022, STRING_SPLIT now has an optional ordinal parameter. If the parameter is omitted, or 0 is passed, then the function acts as it did before, and just returns a value column and the order is not guaranteed. If you pass the parameter with the value 1 then the function returns 2 columns, value, and ordinal which (unsurprisingly) provides the ordinal position of the value within the string.
So, if you wanted the 4th delimited value from the string '1,222,2,67,888,1111' you could do the following:
SELECT [value]
FROM STRING_SPLIT('1,222,2,67,888,1111',',',1)
WHERE ordinal = 4;
If the value was in a column, it would look like this:
SELECT SS.[value]
FROM dbo.YourTable YT
CROSS APPLY STRING_SPLIT(YT.YourColumn,',',1) SS
WHERE SS.ordinal = 4;
#a - the value (f.e. 'a/bb/ccc/dddd/ee/ff/....')
#p - the desired position (1,2,3...)
#d - the delimeter ( '/' )
trim(substring(replace(#a,#d,replicate(' ',len(#a))),(#p-1)*len(#a)+1,len(#a)))
only problem is - if desired part has trailing or leading blanks they get trimmed.
Completely Based on article from https://exceljet.net/formula/split-text-with-delimiter
In a rare moment of lunacy I just thought that split is far easier if we use XML to parse it out for us:
(Using the variables from #Gary Kindel's answer)
declare #xml xml
set #xml = '<split><el>' + replace(#list,#Delimiter,'</el><el>') + '</el></split>'
select
el = split.el.value('.','varchar(max)')
from #xml.nodes('/split/el') split(el))
This lists all elements of the string, split by the specified character.
We can use an xpath test to filter out empty values, and a further xpath test to restrict this to the element we're interested in. In full Gary's function becomes:
alter FUNCTION dbo.GetSplitString_CTE
(
#List VARCHAR(MAX),
#Delimiter VARCHAR(255),
#ElementNumber int
)
RETURNS VARCHAR(max)
AS
BEGIN
-- escape any XML https://dba.stackexchange.com/a/143140/65992
set #list = convert(VARCHAR(MAX),(select #list for xml path(''), type));
declare #xml xml
set #xml = '<split><el>' + replace(#list,#Delimiter,'</el><el>') + '</el></split>'
declare #ret varchar(max)
set #ret = (select
el = split.el.value('.','varchar(max)')
from #xml.nodes('/split/el[string-length(.)>0][position() = sql:variable("#elementnumber")]') split(el))
return #ret
END
you can put this select into UFN. if you need you can customize it for specifying delimiter as well. in that case your ufn will have two input. number Nth and delimiter to use.
DECLARE #tlist varchar(max)='10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,100'
DECLARE #i INT=1, #nth INT=3
While len(#tlist) <> 0
BEGIN
IF #i=#nth
BEGIN
select Case when charindex(',',#tlist) <> 0 Then LEFT(#tlist,charindex(',',#tlist)-1)
Else #tlist
END
END
Select #tlist = Case when charindex(',',#tlist) <> 0 Then substring(#tlist,charindex(',',#tlist)+1,len(#tlist))
Else ''
END
SELECT #i=#i+1
END
Alternatively, one can use xml, nodes() and ROW_NUMBER. We can order the elements based on their document order. For example:
DECLARE #Input VARCHAR(100) = '1a,2b,3c,4d,5e,6f,7g,8h'
,#Number TINYINT = 3
DECLARE #XML XML;
DECLARE #value VARCHAR(100);
SET #XML = CAST('<x>' + REPLACE(#Input,',','</x><x>') + '</x>' AS XML);
WITH DataSource ([rowID], [rowValue]) AS
(
SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY T.c ASC)
,T.c.value('.', 'VARCHAR(100)')
FROM #XML.nodes('./x') T(c)
)
SELECT #value = [rowValue]
FROM DataSource
WHERE [rowID] = #Number;
SELECT #value;
I would rather create a temp table with an identity column and fill it up with output from the SPLIT function.
CREATE TABLE #tblVals(Id INT IDENTITY(1,1), Val NVARCHAR(100))
INSERT INTO #tblVals (Val)
SELECT [value] FROM STRING_SPLIT('Val1-Val3-Val2-Val5', '-')
SELECT * FROM #tblVals
Now you can easily do something like below.
DECLARE #val2 NVARCHAR(100) = (SELECT TOP 1 Val FROM #tblVals WHERE Id = 2)
See the snapshot below:
You can use STRING_SPLIT with ROW_NUMBER:
SELECT value, idx FROM
(
SELECT
value,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY (SELECT NULL)) idx
FROM STRING_SPLIT('Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.', ' ')
) t
WHERE idx=2
returns second element (idx=2): 'ipsum'
We have the answer over below url.
DECLARE # AS VARCHAR(MAX) = 'Pawan1,Pawan2,Pawan4,Pawan3'
SELECT VALUE FROM
(
SELECT VALUE , ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY (SELECT null)) rnk FROM STRING_SPLIT(#, ',')
)x where rnk = 3
GO
https://msbiskills.com/2018/06/15/sql-puzzle-multiple-ways-to-split-a-string-and-get-nth-row-xml-advanced-sql/
I don't have enough reputation to comment, so I am adding an answer. Please adjust as appropriate.
I have a problem with Gary Kindel's answer for cases where there is nothing between the two delimiters
If you do
select * from dbo.GetSplitString_CTE('abc^def^^ghi','^',3)
you get
ghi
instead of an empty string
If you comment out the
WHERE LEN([value]) > 0
line, you get the desired result
I cannot comment on Gary's solution because of my low reputation
I know Gary was referencing another link.
I have struggled to understand why we need this variable
#ld INT = LEN(#Delimiter)
I also don't understand why charindex has to start at the position of length of delimiter, #ld
I tested with many examples with a single character delimiter, and they work. Most of the time, delimiter character is a single character. However, since the developer included the ld as length of delimiter, the code has to work for delimiters that have more than one character
In this case, the following case will fail
11,,,22,,,33,,,44,,,55,,,
I cloned from the codes from this link. http://codebetter.com/raymondlewallen/2005/10/26/quick-t-sql-to-parse-a-delimited-string/
I have tested various scenarios including the delimiters that have more than one character
alter FUNCTION [dbo].[split1]
(
#string1 VARCHAR(8000) -- List of delimited items
, #Delimiter VARCHAR(40) = ',' -- delimiter that separates items
, #ElementNumber int
)
RETURNS varchar(8000)
AS
BEGIN
declare #position int
declare #piece varchar(8000)=''
declare #returnVal varchar(8000)=''
declare #Pattern varchar(50) = '%' + #Delimiter + '%'
declare #counter int =0
declare #ld int = len(#Delimiter)
declare #ls1 int = len (#string1)
declare #foundit int = 0
if patindex(#Pattern , #string1) = 0
return ''
if right(rtrim(#string1),1) <> #Delimiter
set #string1 = #string1 + #Delimiter
set #position = patindex(#Pattern , #string1) + #ld -1
while #position > 0
begin
set #counter = #counter +1
set #ls1 = len (#string1)
if (#ls1 >= #ld)
set #piece = left(#string1, #position - #ld)
else
break
if (#counter = #ElementNumber)
begin
set #foundit = 1
break
end
if len(#string1) > 0
begin
set #string1 = stuff(#string1, 1, #position, '')
set #position = patindex(#Pattern , #string1) + #ld -1
end
else
set #position = -1
end
if #foundit =1
set #returnVal = #piece
else
set #returnVal = ''
return #returnVal
you can create simple table variable and use it as below
Declare #tbl_split Table (Id INT IDENTITY(1,1), VAL VARCHAR(50))
INSERT #tbl_split SELECT VALUE
FROM string_split('999999:01', ':')
Select val from #tbl_split
WHERE Id=2
I tried finding the position of a string with charindex function but when there are two letters in the same string, I'm not able to get the code.
My question is:
Find the postion of S from 'SyedSohail'
The output should be
Position
1
5
Could you please help me with the above
I'm writing the code in Tsql
You can paste the following query right inside your SQL Editor:
DECLARE #test AS varchar(100);
DECLARE #ctr as int;
DECLARE #testlength as int;
DECLARE #charToTest as char(1);
DECLARE #positions as varchar(MAX);
DECLARE #findChar as char(1);
SET #test = 'Syed Summers';
SET #ctr = 1;
SET #testlength = LEN(#test) + 1;
SET #positions = '';
SET #findChar = 'S';
WHILE #ctr < (#testlength)
BEGIN
SET #charToTest = SUBSTRING(#test, #ctr, 1)
IF (UPPER(#charToTest) = #findChar)
BEGIN
SET #positions = #positions + ',' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(10), #ctr)
END
SET #ctr = #ctr + 1
END
SELECT RIGHT(#positions, (LEN(#positions) - 1));
Explanation:
#test - will contain the string which you want to search
#ctr - counter to iterate through all the characters in your string #test
#testLength - length of your #test string
#findChar - the character which you want to count the instance in the string
#charToTest - the string being tested whether it equals your #findChar value
#positions - will be an enumerated string of the position where the #findChar was found in the #test string.
Note that I provided a simplistic answer to help guide the understanding for the person who posted the question.
Try to create a function like below,
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.FindPatternLocation
(
#string NVARCHAR(MAX),
#term NVARCHAR(255)
)
RETURNS TABLE
AS
RETURN
(
SELECT pos = Number - LEN(#term)
FROM (SELECT Number, Item = LTRIM(RTRIM(SUBSTRING(#string, Number,
CHARINDEX(#term, #string + #term, Number) - Number)))
FROM (SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY [object_id])
FROM sys.all_objects) AS n(Number)
WHERE Number > 1 AND Number <= CONVERT(INT, LEN(#string)+1)
AND SUBSTRING(#term + #string, Number, LEN(#term)) = #term
) AS y);
Usage:
DECLARE #str VARCHAR(MAX) = 'SyedSohail'
SELECT pos FROM dbo.FindPatternLocation(#str, 's');
Source
If I understand correctly, you could use an rCTE to iterate through the string:
DECLARE #YourString varchar(12) = 'SyedSohail';
DECLARE #Char char(1) = 'S';
WITH rCTE AS(
SELECT V.YourString,
CI.I
FROM (VALUES(#YourString))V(YourString)
CROSS APPLY (VALUES(CHARINDEX(#Char,V.YourString))) CI(I)
WHERE CI.I > 0
UNION ALL
SELECT r.YourString,
CI.I
FROM rCTe r
CROSS APPLY (VALUES(CHARINDEX(#Char,r.YourString,r.I+1))) CI(I)
WHERE CI.I > 0)
SELECT R.I
FROM rCTE r;
However, I suspect (know for a fact), a Tally would be quicker with a dataset and/or longer values:
WITH N AS(
SELECT N
FROM (VALUES(NULL),(NULL),(NULL),(NULL),(NULL),(NULL),(NULL),(NULL),(NULL),(NULL))N(N)),
Tally AS(
SELECT TOP(SELECT MAX(LEN(V.YourString)) FROM (VALUES(#YourString))V(YourString)) --Should be from your tablt
ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY (SELECT NULL)) AS I
FROM N N1, N N2, N N3, N N4) --10,000 rows
SELECT T.I
FROM Tally T
CROSS JOIN (VALUES(#YourString))V(YourString)
WHERE SUBSTRING(V.YourString,T.I,1) = #Char;
I have a func_name column. I have set of rules to be forced on this func_name column to create a func_short_name.
The desired logic for func_short_name is:
use whatever is to the right of '>'; preceded by whatever comes after each
'+' or '#' from FUNC_NAME field
Each time '+' or '#' appears, append it to the func_short_name
Example:
func_name: toolbox/matlab/cefclient/+matlab/+internal/getOpenPort.p>getOpenPort
func_short_name : matlab.internal.getOpenPort
The above example appends 'matlab' with 'internal' since they are followed by a '+' and the 'getOpenPort' since it is to the right of '>'
How do I take in account for each occurence of '+' or 'a'. Could someone help me construct a SQL or stored proc? Thanks!
I have tried implementing the rules separately but I am unable to do a recursive append of each occurence of '+' or '#'
select substring(FUNC_NAME,charindex('a',FUNC_NAME)+1,100)
FROM table
select FUNC_NAME,
charindex('#',FUNC_NAME)+1,
charindex('/',FUNC_NAME)-1
from table
select concat(substring(FUNC_NAME,charindex('#',FUNC_NAME)+1,charindex('/',FUNC_NAME)-1),'.',substring(FUNC_NAME,charindex('>',FUNC_NAME)+1,100))
FROM table
func_name: toolbox/matlab/cefclient/+matlab/+internal/getOpenPort.p>getOpenPort
func_short_name : matlab.internal.getOpenPort
Another example:
func name:
toolbox/symbolic/symbolic/#sym/#aem/diag.m>diag
func_short_name:
sym.aem.diag
This should do it regardless of the version of SQL Server.
DECLARE #func_name VARCHAR(200);
DECLARE #func_short_name VARCHAR(100) = '';
DECLARE #i INT = 1;
DECLARE #func_name_length INT;
DECLARE #start_position INT = 0;
DECLARE #end_position INT = 0;
DECLARE #gt_position INT = 0;
SET #func_name = 'toolbox/matlab/cefclient/+matlab/+internal/getOpenPort.p>getOpenPort';
--SET #func_name = 'toolbox/symbolic/symbolic/#sym/#aem/diag.m>diag';
SET #i = 1;
SET #func_name_length = LEN(#func_name);
-- loop through string character by character
WHILE #i <= #func_name_length
BEGIN
IF (SUBSTRING(#func_name, #i, 1)) IN ('+', '#')
BEGIN
SET #start_position = #i;
END;
-- ending character found after starting character has been found
IF (SUBSTRING(#func_name, #i, 1)) = '/'
AND #start_position > 0
BEGIN
SET #end_position = #i;
SET #func_short_name = #func_short_name
+ SUBSTRING(#func_name, #start_position + 1, (#end_position - 1) - #start_position)
+ '.';
SET #start_position = 0;
END;
SET #i += 1;
END;
-- find greater than character
SET #gt_position = CHARINDEX('>', #func_name);
SET #func_short_name = #func_short_name + SUBSTRING(#func_name, #gt_position + 1, #func_name_length - #gt_position);
SELECT #func_name AS [FUNC NAME], #func_short_name AS [FUNC SHORT NAME];
Only if it's SQL Server 2017+
Initialization:
DECLARE #Table TABLE (Func_Name NVARCHAR(MAX));
INSERT INTO #Table (Func_Name)VALUES
('toolbox/matlab/cefclient/+matlab/+internal/getOpenPort.p>getOpenPort')
,('toolbox/symbolic/symbolic/#sym/#aem/diag.m>diag')
;
The Code:
SELECT STRING_AGG(REPLACE(REPLACE(a.[value],'+',''),'#',''),'.')
WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY rn DESC) AS [Result]
FROM (
SELECT b.ID,j.[value],ROW_NUMBER()OVER(PARTITION BY b.ID ORDER BY j.[Key] DESC) AS [rn]
FROM (
SELECT '["' + REPLACE(REPLACE(t.Func_Name,'/','","'),'>','","') + '"]' AS [value]
,ROW_NUMBER()OVER(ORDER BY (SELECT 1)) AS [ID]
FROM #Table t
) b
CROSS APPLY OPENJSON(b.[value]) j
) a
WHERE (a.[value] LIKE '[+]%' OR a.[value] LIKE '[#]%' OR a.rn = 1 /*last piece*/)
GROUP BY a.ID
;
This solution based on a recursive common table expression works with any SQL server version as of 2005 but is not really strict when it comes to the separating characters. The pattern '%[#+>]%' looks for any one of the characters: #, + or >. It does return the desired result though: matlab.internal.getOpenPort
declare #f varchar(255);
set #f='toolbox/matlab/cefclient/+matlab/+internal/getOpenPort.p>getOpenPort'+'/';
With rcte as (
select 0 n,#f str, patindex('%[#+>]%',#f) p union all
select p, substring(str, p+1,255),
patindex('%[#+>]%',substring(str, p+1,255))
from rcte where p>0
)
SELECT STUFF((SELECT '.' +LEFT(str,charindex('/',str)-1)
FROM rcte
WHERE n>0
FOR XML PATH('')), 1, 1, '') short
#f is the variable containing the long function name (with an added / at the end) that needs to be converted.
See here for a demo: https://rextester.com/MFVO10768
Using tsql I want to count a numeric chars in string. For example i've got 'kick0my234ass' string and i wanna count how many (4 in that example) numbers are in that string. I can't use regex, just plain tslq.
You COULD do this I suppose:
declare #c varchar(30)
set #c = 'kick0my234ass'
select #c, len(replace(#c,' ','')) - len(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(replace(#c,'0',''),'1',''),'2',''),'3',''),'4',''),'5',''),'6',''),'7',''),'8',''),'9',''),' ',''))
You'll first have to split the character string in its individual characters, evaluate which are numeric, and finally count those that are. This will do the trick:
DECLARE #test TABLE (Example NVARCHAR(255))
INSERT #test
VALUES ('kick0my234ass')
SELECT COUNT(1)
FROM #test AS T
INNER JOIN master..spt_values v
ON v.type = 'P'
AND v.number < len(T.Example)
WHERE SUBSTRING(T.Example, v.number + 1, 1) LIKE '[0-9]'
You could try this solution with regular expressions (if you'd allow them):
it uses recursive CTE, at every recursive step, one digit is removed from given string and the condition is to stop, when there are no digits in string. The rows are also numbered with consecutive ids, so the last id is the amount of removed digits from string.
declare #str varchar(100) = 'kick0my123ass';
with cte as (
select 1 [id], stuff(#str,PATINDEX('%[0-9]%', #str),1,'') [col]
union all
select [id] + 1, stuff([col],PATINDEX('%[0-9]%', [col]),1,'') from cte
where col like '%[0-9]%'
)
--this will give you number of digits in string
select top 1 id from cte order by id desc
Use a WHILE loop to each each character is a numeric or not.
Query
declare #text as varchar(max) = 'kick0my234ass';
declare #len as int;
select #len = len(#text);
if(#len > 0)
begin
declare #i as int = 1;
declare #count as int = 0;
while(#i <= #len)
begin
if(substring(#text, #i, 1) like '[0-9]')
set #count += 1;
set #i += 1;
end
print 'Count of Numerics in ' + #text + ' : ' + cast(#count as varchar(100));
end
else
print 'Empty string';
If simplicity & performance are important I suggest a purely set-based solution. Grab a copy of DigitsOnlyEE which will remove all non-numeric characters. Then use LEN against the output.
DECLARE #string varchar(100) = '123xxx45ff678';
SELECT string = #string, digitsOnly, DigitCount = LEN(digitsOnly)
FROM dbo.DigitsOnlyEE(#string);
Results
string digitsOnly DigitCount
------------------ ----------- ------------
123xxx45ff678 12345678 8
using a Tally Table created by an rCTE:
CREATE TABLE #Sample (S varchar(100));
INSERT INTO #Sample
VALUES ('kick0my234 ass');
GO
WITH Tally AS(
SELECT 1 AS N
UNION ALL
SELECT N + 1
FROM Tally
WHERE N + 1 <= 100)
SELECT S.S, SUM(CASE WHEN SUBSTRING(S,T.N, 1) LIKE '[0-9]' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS Numbers
FROM #Sample S
JOIN Tally T ON LEN(S.S) >= T.N
GROUP BY S.S;
For future reference, also post your owns attempts please. We aren't here (really) to do your work for you.