Vpython greyscreen crash - crash

I have found many times a solution for my problems from here, but this time I am totally baffled. I don't know what's wrong at my code.
I made a code to create a box with charged particles inside with Vpython. As I launch the program, I get only a grey screen and the program crash. No error message, nothing.
from visual import *
from random import *
def electronizer(num):
list = []
electron_charge = -1.60217662e-19
electron_mass = 9.10938356e-31
for i in range(num):
another_list = []
e = sphere(pos=(random(), random(),random()), radius=2.818e-15,
color=color.cyan)
e.v = vector(random(), random(), random())
another_list.append(e)
another_list.append(e.v)
another_list.append(electron_charge)
another_list.append(electron_mass)
list.append(another_list)
return list
def protonizer(num):
list = []
proton_charge = 1.60217662e-19
proton_mass = 1.6726219e-27
for i in range(num):
another_list = []
p = sphere(pos=(random(), random(),random()), radius=0.8408739e-15, color=color.red)
p.v = vector(random(), random(), random())
another_list.append(p)
another_list.append(p.v)
another_list.append(proton_charge)
another_list.append(proton_mass)
list.append(another_list)
return list
def cross(a, b):
c = vector(a[1]*b[2] - a[2]*b[1],
a[2]*b[0] - a[0]*b[2],
a[0]*b[1] - a[1]*b[0])
return c
def positioner(work_list):
k = 8.9875517873681764e3 #Nm2/C2
G = 6.674e-11 # Nm2/kg2
vac_perm = 1.2566370614e-6 # H/m
pi = 3.14159265
dt = 0.1e-3
constant = 1
force = vector(0,0,0)
for i in range(len(work_list)):
for j in range(len(work_list)):
if i != j:
r = work_list[i][0].pos - work_list[j][0].pos
r_mag = mag(r)
r_norm = norm(r)
F = k * ((work_list[i][2] * work_list[j][2]) / (r_mag**2)) * r_norm
force += F
B = constant*(vac_perm / 4*pi) * (cross(work_list[j][2] * work_list[j][1], norm(r)))/r_mag**2
F = cross(work_list[i][2] * work_list[i][1], B)
force += F
F = -(G * work_list[i][3] * work_list[j][3]) / r_mag**2 * r_norm
force += F
acceleration = force / work_list[i][3]
difference_in_velocity = acceleration * dt
work_list[i][1] += difference_in_velocity
difference_in_position = work_list[i][1] * dt
work_list[i][0].pos += difference_in_position
if abs(work_list[i][0].pos[0]) > 2.5e-6:
work_list[i][1][0] = -work_list[i][1][0]
elif abs(work_list[i][0][1]) > 2.5e-6:
work_list[i][1][1] = -work_list[i][1][1]
elif abs(work_list[i][0][2]) > 2.5e-6:
work_list[i][1][2] = -work_list[i][1][2]
return work_list
box = box(pos=(0, 0, 0), length = 5e-6, width = 5e-6, height = 5e-6, opacity = 0.5)
protons_num = raw_input("number of protons: ")
electrons_num = raw_input("number of electrons: ")
list_of_electrons = electronizer(int(electrons_num))
list_of_protons = protonizer(int(protons_num))
work_list = list_of_electrons + list_of_protons
while True:
work_list = positioner(work_list)

You should ask your question on the VPython.org forum where the VPython experts hang out and will be able to answer your question. You should mention which operating system you are using and which version of python you are using. From your code I see that you are using classic VPython. There is a newer version of VPython 7 that just came out but the VPython syntax has changed.

Related

Conversion ECEF XYZ to LLH (LAT/LONG/HEIGHT) and translation back - not accurate / possible error in IronPython script

I've modeled a 3D earth with gridpoints, as below:
The points are represented in 3D space as XYZ coordinates.
I then convert XYZ to Lat/Long/Height(elevation) based on the script I took from here:
JSFiddle
For some reason I got really strange results when trying to find XYZ of LLH not from my set, so I tried to verify the initial script by converting XYZ to LLH and then the same LLH back to XYZ to see if I get the same coordinate.
Instead, the resulting coordinate is some XYZ on earth, unrelated to the original XYZ position.
XYZ to LLH script:
Source: JSFiddle
def xyzllh(x,y,z):
""" xyz vector to lat,lon,height
output:
llhvec[3] with components
flat geodetic latitude in deg
flon longitude in deg
altkm altitude in km
"""
dtr = math.pi/180.0
rrnrm = [0.0] * 3
llhvec = [0.0] * 3
geodGBL()
esq = EARTH_Esq
rp = math.sqrt( x*x + y*y + z*z )
flatgc = math.asin( z / rp )/dtr
testval= abs(x) + abs(y)
if ( testval < 1.0e-10):
flon = 0.0
else:
flon = math.atan2( y,x )/dtr
if (flon < 0.0 ):
flon = flon + 360.0
p = math.sqrt( x*x + y*y )
# on pole special case
if ( p < 1.0e-10 ):
flat = 90.0
if ( z < 0.0 ):
flat = -90.0
altkm = rp - rearth(flat)
llhvec[0] = flat
llhvec[1] = flon
llhvec[2] = altkm
return llhvec
# first iteration, use flatgc to get altitude
# and alt needed to convert gc to gd lat.
rnow = rearth(flatgc)
altkm = rp - rnow
flat = gc2gd(flatgc,altkm)
rrnrm = radcur(flat)
rn = rrnrm[1]
for x in range(5):
slat = math.sin(dtr*flat)
tangd = ( z + rn*esq*slat ) / p
flatn = math.atan(tangd)/dtr
dlat = flatn - flat
flat = flatn
clat = math.cos( dtr*flat )
rrnrm = radcur(flat)
rn = rrnrm[1]
altkm = (p/clat) - rn
if ( abs(dlat) < 1.0e-12 ):
break
llhvec[0] = flat
llhvec[1] = flon
llhvec[2] = altkm
return llhvec
# globals
EARTH_A = 0
EARTH_B = 0
EARTH_F = 0
EARTH_Ecc = 0
EARTH_Esq = 0
# starting function do_llhxyz()
CallCount = 0
llh = [0.0] * 3
dtr = math.pi/180
CallCount = CallCount + 1
sans = " \n"
llh = xyzllh(x,y,z)
latitude = llh[0]
longitude= llh[1]
hkm = llh[2]
height = 1000.0 * hkm
latitude = fformat(latitude,5)
longitude = fformat(longitude,5)
height = fformat(height,1)
sans = sans +"Latitude,Longitude, Height (ellipsoidal) from ECEF\n"
sans = sans + "\n"
sans = sans +"Latitude : " + str(latitude) + " deg N\n"
sans = sans +"Longitude : " + str(longitude - 180) + " deg E\n"
sans = sans +"Height : " + str(height) + " m\n"
lats = []
longs = []
heights = []
lats.append(str(latitude))
longs.append(str(longitude - 180))
heights.append(str(height))
And this is the LLH to XYZ script:
Source: www.mathworks.com
a = 6378137
t = 8.1819190842622e-2
# (prime vertical radius of curvature)
N = a / math.sqrt(1 - (t*t) * (math.sin(lat)*math.sin(lat)))
x = []
y = []
z = []
# results:
x.append( ((N+height) * math.cos(lat) * math.cos(long))/1000 )
y.append( ((N+height) * math.cos(lat) * math.sin(long))/1000 )
z.append( (((1-t*t) * N + height) * math.sin(lat))/1000 )
Anyone know what I'm doing wrong here?
Thanks!

RGB to HSV in numpy

I'm trying to implement RGB to HSV conversion from opencv in pure numpy using formula from here:
def rgb2hsv_opencv(img_rgb):
img_hsv = cv2.cvtColor(img_rgb, cv2.COLOR_RGB2HSV)
return img_hsv
def rgb2hsv_np(img_rgb):
assert img_rgb.dtype == np.float32
height, width, c = img_rgb.shape
r, g, b = img_rgb[:,:,0], img_rgb[:,:,1], img_rgb[:,:,2]
t = np.min(img_rgb, axis=-1)
v = np.max(img_rgb, axis=-1)
s = (v - t) / (v + 1e-6)
s[v==0] = 0
# v==r
hr = 60 * (g - b) / (v - t + 1e-6)
# v==g
hg = 120 + 60 * (b - r) / (v - t + 1e-6)
# v==b
hb = 240 + 60 * (r - g) / (v - t + 1e-6)
h = np.zeros((height, width), np.float32)
h = h.flatten()
hr = hr.flatten()
hg = hg.flatten()
hb = hb.flatten()
h[(v==r).flatten()] = hr[(v==r).flatten()]
h[(v==g).flatten()] = hg[(v==g).flatten()]
h[(v==b).flatten()] = hb[(v==b).flatten()]
h[h<0] += 360
h = h.reshape((height, width))
img_hsv = np.stack([h, s, v], axis=-1)
return img_hsv
img_bgr = cv2.imread('00000.png')
img_rgb = cv2.cvtColor(img_bgr, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)
img_rgb = img_rgb / 255.0
img_rgb = img_rgb.astype(np.float32)
img_hsv1 = rgb2hsv_np(img_rgb)
img_hsv2 = rgb2hsv_opencv(img_rgb)
print('max diff:', np.max(np.fabs(img_hsv1 - img_hsv2)))
print('min diff:', np.min(np.fabs(img_hsv1 - img_hsv2)))
print('mean diff:', np.mean(np.fabs(img_hsv1 - img_hsv2)))
But I get big diff:
max diff: 240.0
min diff: 0.0
mean diff: 0.18085355
Do I missing something?
Also maybe it's possible to write numpy code more efficient, for example without flatten?
Also I have hard time finding original C++ code for cvtColor function, as I understand it should be actually function cvCvtColor from C code, but I can't find actual source code with formula.
From the fact that the max difference is exactly 240, I'm pretty sure that what's happening is in the case when both or either of v==r, v==g are simultaneously true alongside v==b, which gets executed last.
If you change the order from:
h[(v==r).flatten()] = hr[(v==r).flatten()]
h[(v==g).flatten()] = hg[(v==g).flatten()]
h[(v==b).flatten()] = hb[(v==b).flatten()]
To:
h[(v==r).flatten()] = hr[(v==r).flatten()]
h[(v==b).flatten()] = hb[(v==b).flatten()]
h[(v==g).flatten()] = hg[(v==g).flatten()]
The max difference may start showing up as 120, because of that added 120 in that equation. So ideally, you would want to execute these three lines in the order b->g->r. The difference should be negligible then (still noticing a max difference of 0.01~, chalking it up to some round off somewhere).
h[(v==b).flatten()] = hb[(v==b).flatten()]
h[(v==g).flatten()] = hg[(v==g).flatten()]
h[(v==r).flatten()] = hr[(v==r).flatten()]

How to fix "submatrix incorrectly defined" in Scilab?

I am trying to find three parameters (a, b, c) to fit my experimental data using ODE solver and optimization by least squares using Scilab in-built functions.
However, I keep having the message "submatrix incorrectly defined" at line "y_exp(:,1) = [0.135 ..."
When I try another series of data (t, yexp) such as the one used in the original template I get no error messages. The template I use was found here: https://wiki.scilab.org/Non%20linear%20optimization%20for%20parameter%20fitting%20example
function dy = myModel ( t , y , a , b, c )
// The right-hand side of the Ordinary Differential Equation.
dy(1) = -a*y(1) - b*y(1)*y(2)
dy(2) = a*y(1) - b*y(1)*y(2) - c*y(2)
endfunction
function f = myDifferences ( k )
// Returns the difference between the simulated differential
// equation and the experimental data.
global MYDATA
t = MYDATA.t
y_exp = MYDATA.y_exp
a = k(1)
b = k(2)
c = k(3)
y0 = y_exp(1,:)
t0 = 0
y_calc=ode(y0',t0,t,list(myModel,a,b,c))
diffmat = y_calc' - y_exp
// Make a column vector
f = diffmat(:)
MYDATA.funeval = MYDATA.funeval+ 1
endfunction
// Experimental data
t = [0,20,30,45,75,105,135,180,240]';
y_exp(:,1) =
[0.135,0.0924,0.067,0.0527,0.0363,0.02445,0.01668,0.012,0.009]';
y_exp(:,2) =
[0,0.00918,0.0132,0.01835,0.0261,0.03215,0.0366,0.0393,0.0401]';
// Store data for future use
global MYDATA;
MYDATA.t = t;
MYDATA.y_exp = y_exp;
MYDATA.funeval = 0;
function val = L_Squares ( k )
// Computes the sum of squares of the differences.
f = myDifferences ( k )
val = sum(f.^2)
endfunction
// Initial guess
a = 0;
b = 0;
c = 0;
x0 = [a;b;c];
[fopt ,xopt]=leastsq(myDifferences, x0)
Does anyone know how to approach this problem?
Just rewrite lines 28,29 as
y_exp = [0.135,0.0924,0.067,0.0527,0.0363,0.02445,0.01668,0.012,0.009
0,0.00918,0.0132,0.01835,0.0261,0.03215,0.0366,0.0393,0.0401]';
or insert a clear at line 1 (you may have defined y_exp before with a different size).

Can't figure out, why script on Jython working differently from script on Pascal

Long story short: I'm writing script, which should move mouse and do clicks like human (it's a bot, actually), using SikuliX. SikuliX uses Jython 2.7 as lang for scritps.
I found nice lib for my purposes (moving mouse like human): mouse.simba written in Pascal-like lang, and rewrite function _humanWindMouse() in jython. It works, but not like I expected it would be.
Test run of my script, drawing rectangle:
https://prtscr.cx.ua/storage/5b/5b2203.jpg
Result of using original function with same coords:
https://prtscr.cx.ua/storage/bb/bb3ff5.jpg
sorry for links, I can't post images yet (
My code:
import random
import time
import math
from time import sleep
from math import sqrt
from math import ceil
from math import hypot
from java.awt import Robot
def distance(x1, y1, x2, y2):
return math.hypot(x2 - x1, y2 - y1)
def myrandom(x):
return random.randint(0, x-1)
def myround(x):
return int(round(x))
# function MMouseMove (MyMouseMove) for moving mouse using only coord
def MMouseMove(x,y):
robot = Robot()
robot.mouseMove(x,y)
# function HumanWindMouse by BenLand100 & Flight, python implementation
def humanWindMouse(xs, ys, xe, ye, gravity, wind):
veloX = veloY = windX=windY=veloMag=dist=randomDist=lastDist=D=0
lastX=lastY=MSP=W=TDist=0
mouseSpeed = 20
MSP = mouseSpeed
sqrt2 = sqrt(2)
sqrt3 = sqrt(3)
sqrt5 = sqrt(5)
TDist = distance(myround(xs), myround(ys), myround(xe), myround(ye))
t = time.time() + 10000
while True:
if time.time() > t:
break
dist = hypot(xs - xe, ys - ye)
wind = min(wind, dist)
if dist < 1:
dist = 1
D = (myround((myround(TDist)*0.3))/7)
if D > 25:
D = 25
if D < 5:
D = 5
rCnc = myrandom(6)
if rCnc == 1:
D = random.randint(2,3)
if D <= myround(dist):
maxStep = D
else:
maxStep = myround(dist)
windX= windX / sqrt2
windY= windY / sqrt2
veloX= veloX + windX
veloY= veloY + windY
veloX= veloX + gravity * (xe - xs) / dist
veloY= veloY + gravity * (ye - ys) / dist
if hypot(veloX, veloY) > maxStep:
temp = int(myround(maxStep) // 2)
if temp == 0:
temp = 1
randomDist= maxStep / 2.0 + myrandom(temp)
veloMag= sqrt(veloX * veloX + veloY * veloY)
veloX= (veloX / veloMag) * randomDist
veloY= (veloY / veloMag) * randomDist
lastX= myround(xs)
lastY= myround(ys)
xs= xs + veloX
ys= ys + veloY
if lastX <> myround(xs) or lastY <> myround(ys):
MMouseMove(myround(xs), myround(ys))
W = (myrandom((myround(100/MSP)))*6)
if W < 5:
W = 5
W = myround(W*0.9)
sleep(W/1000.0)
lastdist= dist
if hypot(xs - xe, ys - ye) < 1:
break
if myround(xe) <> myround(xs) or myround(ye) <> myround(ys):
MMouseMove(myround(xe), myround(ye))
mouseSpeed = MSP
return;
def MMouse(x,y):
mouseSpeed = 20
randSpeed = (myrandom(mouseSpeed) / 2.0 + mouseSpeed) / 10.0
curPos = Mouse.at()
x1 = curPos.x
y1 = curPos.y
humanWindMouse(x1, y1, x, y, 5, 10.0/randSpeed)
return;
And I used this in such a way:
MMouseMove(227, 146)
mouseDown(Button.LEFT)
MMouse(396, 146)
MMouse(396, 252)
MMouse(227, 252)
MMouse(227, 146)
mouseUp(Button.LEFT)
exit()
mouseDown() and mouseUp() are built-in functions in SikuliX
And I didn't use built-in mouseMove(), because with it going from A to B is too slow.
Any help would be appreciated
After few hours of debugging i figured out the problem: in source code for unknowing reason author passed constant called MOUSE_HUMAN to variable named gravity when caling his function _humanWindMouse(), this looks like an error to me. Thats why I decided to fix this in my code, and throw out one argument of the function and a few lines of code (and that was wrong move). After re-adding needed code my function working, as I expected.
So, here's the working code:
# function HumanWindMouse by BenLand100 & Flight,
# python implementation by Nokse
def humanWindMouse(xs, ys, xe, ye, gravity, wind, targetArea):
veloX = veloY = windX=windY=veloMag=dist=randomDist=lastDist=D=0
lastX=lastY=MSP=W=TDist=0
mouseSpeed = 20
MSP = mouseSpeed
sqrt2 = sqrt(2)
sqrt3 = sqrt(3)
sqrt5 = sqrt(5)
TDist = distance(myround(xs), myround(ys), myround(xe), myround(ye))
t = time.time() + 10000
while True:
if time.time() > t:
break
dist = hypot(xs - xe, ys - ye)
wind = min(wind, dist)
if dist < 1:
dist = 1
D = (myround((myround(TDist)*0.3))/7)
if D > 25:
D = 25
if D < 5:
D = 5
rCnc = myrandom(6)
if rCnc == 1:
D = random.randint(2,3)
if D <= myround(dist):
maxStep = D
else:
maxStep = myround(dist)
if dist >= targetArea:
windX = windX / sqrt3 + (myrandom(myround(wind) * 2 + 1) - wind) / sqrt5
windY = windY / sqrt3 + (myrandom(myround(wind) * 2 + 1) - wind) / sqrt5
else:
windX = windX / sqrt2
windY = windY / sqrt2
veloX = veloX + windX
veloY = veloY + windY
veloX = veloX + gravity * (xe - xs) / dist
veloY = veloY + gravity * (ye - ys) / dist
if hypot(veloX, veloY) > maxStep:
halfSteps = int(myround(maxStep) // 2)
if halfSteps == 0:
halfSteps = 1
randomDist = maxStep / 2.0 + myrandom(halfSteps)
veloMag = sqrt(veloX * veloX + veloY * veloY)
veloX = (veloX / veloMag) * randomDist
veloY = (veloY / veloMag) * randomDist
lastX = myround(xs)
lastY = myround(ys)
xs = xs + veloX
ys = ys + veloY
if lastX <> myround(xs) or lastY <> myround(ys):
MMouseMove(myround(xs), myround(ys))
W = (myrandom((myround(100/MSP)))*6)
if W < 5:
W = 5
W = myround(W*0.9)
sleep(W/1000.0)
lastdist = dist
#condition for exiting while loop
if hypot(xs - xe, ys - ye) < 1:
break
if myround(xe) <> myround(xs) or myround(ye) <> myround(ys):
MMouseMove(myround(xe), myround(ye))
mouseSpeed = MSP
return;
I tested it with different parameters, and choose this one:
humanWindMouse(xs, ys, x, y, 9, 10.0/randSpeed, 10.0*randSpeed)
but I recommend to play with parameters first, to understand, how do they affect the behavior of the mouse.
How to calc randSpeed, what should be imported, and sub-functions, such as myround(), could be found at my first post.
Hope, this code will help somebody someday)

Passing variables in python from radio buttons

I want to set values depends on the selected radio button and to use that values in other function.
Whatever i try, i always get the same answer
NameError: global name 'tX' is not defined #
import maya.cmds as cmds
from functools import partial
winID='MSDKID'
def init(*args):
print tX
print tY
print tZ
print rX
print rY
print rZ
return
def prozor():
if cmds.window(winID, exists = True):
cmds.deleteUI(winID);
cmds.window()
cmds.columnLayout( adjustableColumn=True, rowSpacing=10 )
cmds.button(label = "Init")
cmds.button(label = "MirrorSDK",command=init)
cmds.setParent( '..' )
cmds.setParent( '..' )
cmds.frameLayout( label='Position' )
cmds.columnLayout()
collection2 = cmds.radioCollection()
RButton0 = cmds.radioButton( label='Behavior' )
RButton1 = cmds.radioButton( label='Orientation' )
cmds.button(l='Apply', command = partial(script,RButton0,RButton1,))
cmds.setParent( '..' )
cmds.setParent( '..' )
print script(RButton0,RButton1)
cmds.showWindow()
def script(RButton0,RButton1,*_cb_val):
X = 0
rb0 = cmds.radioButton(RButton0, q = True, sl = True)
rb1 = cmds.radioButton(RButton1,q = True, sl = True)
if (rb0 == True):
tX = -1
tY = -1
tZ = -1
rX = 1
rY = 1
rZ = 1
if (rb1 == True):
tX = -1
tY = 1
tZ = 1
rX = 1
rY = -1
rZ = -1
return tX,tY,tZ,rX,rY,rZ
prozor()
The variables you are defining in script() are local to that function. The other functions don't see them.
If you need multiple UI elements to share data, you'll probably need to create a class to let them share variables. Some reference here and here