Can you please explain Lodash Iteratee function in English? - lodash

Question

I'm trying to figure out how Lodash iteratee works and where I would use it.
The documentation says:
Creates a function that invokes func with the arguments of the created function. If func is a property name, the created function returns the property value for a given element. If func is an array or object, the created function returns true for elements that contain the equivalent source properties, otherwise it returns false.
This is one of the examples from the documentation, but I'm having some trouble wrapping my head around this.
var users = [
{ 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'active': true },
{ 'user': 'fred', 'age': 40, 'active': false }
];
// The `_.matches` iteratee shorthand.
_.filter(users, _.iteratee({ 'user': 'barney', 'active': true }));
// => [{ 'user': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'active': true }]

Answer 1

An iteratee is basically a function. When you call lodash's iteratee function it returns a function that can be used later in the code.
There are 3 different type of iteratee which I'll describe in turn, using the following objects in the example code.
let mary = {
name: 'mary',
gender: 'female',
age: 25,
job: {
title: 'teacher',
salary: 10000
}
}
let dave = {
name: 'dave',
gender: 'male',
age: 27
}
let oswald = {
name: 'oswald',
gender: 'male',
age: 25
}
let people = [mary, dave, oswald];
1. Property iteratee
When iteratee is called with a string, it returns a function that will return the property of an object with the key of the supplied string.
e.g.
let getAge = _.iteratee('age');
What we end up with here is a function that returns the age property of an
object. Something similar to:
function getAge(object){
return object['age'];
}
So we can use getAge to return the age of people:
let marysage = getAge(mary);
let davesage = getAge(dave);
The string can also be a path to a property:
let jobtitle = _.iteratee('job.title');
2. Matches iteratee
When iteratee is called with an object, it returns a predicate (returns true or false) if an object has a matching key with the given value.
e.g.
let is25 = _.iteratee({age: 25});
let isMary25 = is25(mary);
let isDave25 = is25(dave);
The matches iteratee is not restricted to a single property. It can take multiple keys and values:
let isFemaleAged25 = _.iteratee({gender: 'female', age: 25});
3. Matches property iteratee
This is similar to the matches iteratee but is created when iteratee is called with an array of keys and values.
The is25 function created above could also be created like so:
let is25 = _.iteratee(['age', 25]);
The properties can also be a path to a key, something which cannot be done using the matches iteratee:
let isTeacherAged25 = _.iteratee(['age', 25, 'job.title', 'teacher'])
Using iteratees
Most of the time you won't call the iteratee function directly. Lodash will use the function internally when you call a function that can take an iteratee.
e.g.
let names = _.map(people, 'name'); // => ['mary', 'dave', 'oswald']
Here lodash will call iteratee with the string name and use it as the function to call map.
let peopleAged25 = _.filter(people, {age: 25 }); // mary and oswald
Here lodash will call iteratee with the object {age: 25} and use it as the function to filter the people collection.