Select SQL event log with 5 previous rows - sql

Question

I'm trying to track down a specific event and I want to list also the 5 previous rows.
I can list all the events this way:
select *
from Payment
where PaymentCardNumber like '%MyEvent%'
but as I want to list also the 5 previous rows I would like to create a query that search for the primary key:
select *
from Payment
where PrimaryKey between (select PrimaryKey -5
from TablePayment
where PaymentCardNumber like '%MyEvent%')
and (select PrimaryKey
from TablePayment
where PaymentCardNumber like '%MyEvent%')
Of course this is not working because instead of giving 2 numbers I'm giving to SQL a list of numbers.
So how to organize a function or loop that could query the 5 previous rows of every event?

Answer 1

Here is one way:
WITH e AS (
SELECT PrimaryKey
FROM Payment
WHERE PaymentCardNumber like '%MyEvent%'
)
SELECT e.PrimaryKey as comparisonPK, p.*
FROM e OUTER APPLY
(SELECT TOP 5 p.*
FROM p
WHERE p.PrimaryKey < e.PrimaryKey
ORDER BY p.PrimaryKey DESC
) p
UNION ALL
SELECT e.PrimaryKey as comparisonPK, p.*
FROM e OUTER APPLY
(SELECT TOP 5 p.*
FROM p
WHERE p.PrimaryKey > e.PrimaryKey
ORDER BY p.PrimaryKey ASC
) p
ORDER BY comparisonPK, PrimaryKey;
The CTE gets the primary key of the events you care about. The OUTER APPLY chooses five rows before and after that row.

Answer 2

select TOP 5 *
from Payment
WHERE PaymentCardNumber like '%MyEvent%'
ORDER BY
PrimaryKey DESC
you can use SELECT TOP and sort descending to get the 5 most recent events matching your where statement but as Gordon appropriately points out you might also get more than 1 event. If you want 5 latest records per event that meet your criteria I would use ROW_NUMBER() function available since SQL-Server 2008.
;WITH cte AS (
select *
,ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY PaymentCardNumber ORDER BY PrimaryKey DESC) as RowNumber
from Payment
WHERE PaymentCardNumber like '%MyEvent%'
)
SELECT *
FROM
cte
WHERE
RowNumber <= 5