I have a table with a column that can have values separated by ",".
Example column group:
id column group:
1 10,20,30
2 280
3 20
I want to create a SELECT with where condition on column group where I can search for example 20 ad It should return 1 and 3 rows or search by 20,280 and it should return 1 and 2 rows.
Can you help me please?
As pointed out in comments,storing mutiple values in a single row is not a good idea..
coming to your question,you can use one of the split string functions from here to split comma separated values into a table and then query them..
create table #temp
(
id int,
columnss varchar(100)
)
insert into #temp
values
(1,'10,20,30'),
(2, '280'),
(3, '20')
select *
from #temp
cross apply
(
select * from dbo.SplitStrings_Numbers(columnss,',')
)b
where item in (20)
id columnss Item
1 10,20,30 20
3 20 20
The short answer is: don't do it.
Instead normalize your tables to at least 3NF. If you don't know what database normalization is, you need to do some reading.
If you absolutely have to do it (e.g. this is a legacy system and you cannot change the table structure), there are several articles on string splitting with TSQL and at least a couple that have done extensive benchmarks on various methods available (e.g. see: http://sqlperformance.com/2012/07/t-sql-queries/split-strings)
Since you only want to search, you don't really need to split the strings, so you can write something like:
SELECT id, list
FROM t
WHERE ','+list+',' LIKE '%,'+#searchValue+',%'
Where t(id int, list varchar(max)) is the table to search and #searchValue is the value you are looking for. If you need to search for more than one value you have to add those in a table and use a join or subquery.
E.g. if s(searchValue varchar(max)) is the table of values to search then:
SELECT distinct t.id, t.list
FROM t INNER JOIN s
ON ','+t.list+',' LIKE '%,'+s.searchValue+',%'
If you need to pass those search values from ADO.Net consider table parameters.
Related
Is there any way to do multiple term search in a column using like operator dynamically in SQL Server? Like below
SELECT ID
FROM table
WHERE
Company LIKE '%goog%' OR
Company LIKE '%micros%' OR
Company LIKE '%amazon%'
For example: input values "goog; micro; amazon;" (input value should auto split by delimiter ';' and check the text exist in the table) means that Search term 'goog' or 'micros' or 'amazon' from company column, if exists return.
Table - sample data:
ID Company
------------------------------------------
1 Google; Microsoft;
2 oracle; microsoft; apple; walmart; tesla
3 amazon; apple;
4 google;
5 tesla;
6 amazon;
Basically, The above query should return the results as like below,
Desired results:
ID
-----
1
2
4
6
Is it possible to achieve in SQL Server by splitting, then search in query? I look forward to an experts answer.
If you pass in a table valued parameter, you can join on that.
So for example
CREATE TYPE StringList AS TABLE (str varchar(100));
DECLARE #tmp StringList;
INSERT #tmp (str)
VALUES
('%goog%'),
('%micros%'),
('%amazon%');
SELECT t.ID
FROM table t
WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1
FROM #tmp tmp
WHERE t.Company LIKE tmp.str);
The one issue with this is that someone could write le; Mic and still get a result.
Strictly speaking, your table design is flawed, because you are storing multiple different items in the same column. You really should have this normalized into rows, so every Company is a separate row. Then your code would look like this:
SELECT t.ID
FROM table t
JOIN #tmp tmp ON t.Company LIKE tmp.str
GROUP BY t.ID
You can simulate it by splitting your string
SELECT t.ID
FROM table t
WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1
FROM STRING_SPLIT(t.Company) s
JOIN #tmp tmp ON s.value LIKE tmp.str);
I have a two table where I have some values in a column UniqueKeys such as:
Table 1
2016_2016-2 S2_001840_30_01
2017_2017-2 D4_002213_3_01
The problem is that I am trying to match these with table 2 Unique values where the values are written in a different order such as :
Table 2:
001840_2016-2_S2_30_D_179_364128_400985
002213_2017-2_D4_3_E_752_376901_422828
Table 1 is from a different source system and table 2 is from different one. What I am trying to achieve is create a new table TABLE 3 where when the unique values match between table 1 and table 2 then insert the data from certain columns of table 1 and 2 into table 3 or else ignore the rest.
The way the Unique values should be is the following:
Year and Period: 2016-2
Cycle : S2
Unit: 001840
Group: 30
Giving the end result in Table 3 as:
001840_2016-2_S2_30
002213_2017-2_D4_3
You need to split both input values by "_" and then recombine the parts in the way they lead to the same format. Then you can join the tables.
Use two functions, the first one for values from type table 1, the second for values from table 2.
Effekt:
SELECT ...
FROM table1
JOIN table2 ON splitfunction1(table1.Key1) = splitfunction2(table2.Key2);
I have a large (5 million row, 300+ column) csv file I need to import into a staging table in SQL Server, then run a script to split each row up and insert data into the relevant tables in a normalized db. The format of the source table looks something like this:
(fName, lName, licenseNumber1, licenseIssuer1, licenseNumber2, licenseIssuer2..., specialtyName1, specialtyState1, specialtyName2, specialtyState2..., identifier1, identifier2...)
There are 50 licenseNumber/licenseIssuer columns, 15 specialtyName/specialtyState columns, and 15 identifier columns. There is always at least one of each of those, but the remaining 49 or 14 could be null. The first identifier is unique, but is not used as the primary key of the Person in our schema.
My database schema looks like this
People(ID int Identity(1,1))
Names(ID int, personID int, lName varchar, fName varchar)
Licenses(ID int, personID int, number varchar, issuer varchar)
Specialties(ID int, personID int, name varchar, state varchar)
Identifiers(ID int, personID int, value)
The database will already be populated with some People before adding the new ones from the csv.
What is the best way to approach this?
I have tried iterating over the staging table one row at a time with select top 1:
WHILE EXISTS (Select top 1 * from staging)
BEGIN
INSERT INTO People Default Values
SET #LastInsertedID = SCOPE_IDENTITY() -- might use the output clause to get this instead
INSERT INTO Names (personID, lName, fName)
SELECT top 1 #LastInsertedID, lName, fName from staging
INSERT INTO Licenses(personID, number, issuer)
SELECT top 1 #LastInsertedID, licenseNumber1, licenseIssuer1 from staging
IF (select top 1 licenseNumber2 from staging) is not null
BEGIN
INSERT INTO Licenses(personID, number, issuer)
SELECT top 1 #LastInsertedID, licenseNumber2, licenseIssuer2 from staging
END
-- Repeat the above 49 times, etc...
DELETE top 1 from staging
END
One problem with this approach is that it is prohibitively slow, so I refactored it to use a cursor. This works and is significantly faster, but has me declaring 300+ variables for Fetch INTO.
Is there a set-based approach that would work here? That would be preferable, as I understand that cursors are frowned upon, but I'm not sure how to get the identity from the INSERT into the People table for use as a foreign key in the others without going row-by-row from the staging table.
Also, how could I avoid copy and pasting the insert into the Licenses table? With a cursor approach I could try:
FETCH INTO ...#LicenseNumber1, #LicenseIssuer1, #LicenseNumber2, #LicenseIssuer2...
INSERT INTO #LicenseTemp (number, issuer) Values
(#LicenseNumber1, #LicenseIssuer1),
(#LicenseNumber2, #LicenseIssuer2),
... Repeat 48 more times...
.
.
.
INSERT INTO Licenses(personID, number, issuer)
SELECT #LastInsertedID, number, issuer
FROM #LicenseTEMP
WHERE number is not null
There still seems to be some redundant copy and pasting there, though.
To summarize the questions, I'm looking for idiomatic approaches to:
Break up one large staging table into a set of normalized tables, retrieving the Primary Key/identity from one table and using it as the foreign key in the others
Insert multiple rows into the normalized tables that come from many repeated columns in the staging table with less boilerplate/copy and paste (Licenses and Specialties above)
Short of discreet answers, I'd also be very happy with pointers towards resources and references that could assist me in figuring this out.
Ok, I'm not an SQL Server expert, but here's the "strategy" I would suggest.
Calculate the personId on the staging table
As #Shnugo suggested before me, calculating the personId in the staging table will ease the next steps
Use a sequence for the personID
From SQL Server 2012 you can define sequences. If you use it for every person insert, you'll never risk an overlapping of IDs. If you have (as it seems) personId that were loaded before the sequence you can create the sequence with the first free personID as starting value
Create a numbers table
Create an utility table keeping numbers from 1 to n (you need n to be at least 50.. you can look at this question for some implementations)
Use set logic to do the insert
I'd avoid cursor and row-by-row logic: you are right that it is better to limit the number of accesses to the table, but I'd say that you should strive to limit it to one access for target table.
You could proceed like these:
People:
INSERT INTO People (personID)
SELECT personId from staging;
Names:
INSERT INTO Names (personID, lName, fName)
SELECT personId, lName, fName from staging;
Licenses:
here we'll need the Number table
INSERT INTO Licenses (personId, number, issuer)
SELECT * FROM (
SELECT personId,
case nbrs.n
when 1 then licenseNumber1
when 2 then licenseNumber2
...
when 50 then licenseNumber50
end as licenseNumber,
case nbrs.n
when 1 then licenseIssuer1
when 2 then licenseIssuer2
...
when 50 then licenseIssuer50
end as licenseIssuer
from staging
cross join
(select n from numbers where n>=1 and n<=50) nbrs
) WHERE licenseNumber is not null;
Specialties:
INSERT INTO Specialties(personId, name, state)
SELECT * FROM (
SELECT personId,
case nbrs.n
when 1 then specialtyName1
when 2 then specialtyName2
...
when 15 then specialtyName15
end as specialtyName,
case nbrs.n
when 1 then specialtyState1
when 2 then specialtyState2
...
when 15 then specialtyState15
end as specialtyState
from staging
cross join
(select n from numbers where n>=1 and n<=15) nbrs
) WHERE specialtyName is not null;
Identifiers:
INSERT INTO Identifiers(personId, value)
SELECT * FROM (
SELECT personId,
case nbrs.n
when 1 then identifier1
when 2 then identifier2
...
when 15 then identifier15
end as value
from staging
cross join
(select n from numbers where n>=1 and n<=15) nbrs
) WHERE value is not null;
Hope it helps.
You say: but the staging table could be modified
I would
add a PersonID INT NOT NULL column and fill it with DENSE_RANK() OVER(ORDER BY fname,lname)
add an index to this PersonID
use this ID in combination with GROUP BY to fill your People table
do the same with your names table
And then use this ID for a set-based insert into your three side tables
Do it like this
SELECT AllTogether.PersonID, AllTogether.TheValue
FROM
(
SELECT PersonID,SomeValue1 AS TheValue FROM StagingTable
UNION ALL SELECT PersonID,SomeValue2 FROM StagingTable
UNION ALL ...
) AS AllTogether
WHERE AllTogether.TheValue IS NOT NULL
UPDATE
You say: might cause a conflict with IDs that already exist in the People table
You did not tell anything about existing People...
Is there any sure and unique mark to identify them? Use a simple
UPDATE StagingTable SET PersonID=xyz WHERE ...
to set existing PersonIDs into your staging table and then use something like
UPDATE StagingTable
SET PersonID=DENSE RANK() OVER(...) + MaxExistingID
WHERE PersonID IS NULL
to set new IDs for PersonIDs still being NULL.
I'm trying to wrap by brain around how to use pivot tables for a query I need. I have 3 database tables. Showing relevant columns:
TableA: Columns = pName
TableB: Columns = GroupName, GroupID
TableC: Columns = pName, GroupID
TableA contains a list of names (John, Joe, Jack, Jane)
TableB contains a list of groups with an ID#. (Soccer|1, Hockey|2, Basketball|3)
TableC contains a list of the names and the group they belong to (John|1, John|3, Joe|2, Jack|1, Jack|2, Jack|3, Jane|3)
I need to create a matrix like grid view using a SQL query that would return a list of all the names from TableA (Y-axis) and a list of all the possible groups (X-axis). The cell values would be either true or false if they belong to the group.
Any help would be appreciated. I couldn't quite find an existing answer that helped.
You might try it like this
Here I set up a MCVE, please try to create this in your next question yourself...
DECLARE #Name TABLE (pName VARCHAR(100));
INSERT INTO #Name VALUES('John'),('Joe'),('Jack'),('Jane');
DECLARE #Group TABLE(gName VARCHAR(100),gID INT);
INSERT INTO #Group VALUES ('Soccer',1),('Hockey',2),('Basketball',3);
DECLARE #map TABLE(pName VARCHAR(100),gID INT);
INSERT INTO #map VALUES
('John',1),('John',3)
,('Joe',2)
,('Jack',1),('Jack',2),('Jack',3)
,('Jane',3);
This quer will collect the values and perform PIVOT
SELECT p.*
FROM
(
SELECT n.pName
,g.gName
,'x' AS IsInGroup
FROM #map AS m
INNER JOIN #Name AS n ON m.pName=n.pName
INNER JOIN #Group AS g ON m.gID=g.gID
) AS x
PIVOT
(
MAX(IsInGroup) FOR gName IN(Soccer,Hockey,Basketball)
) as p
This is the result.
pName Soccer Hockey Basketball
Jack x x x
Jane NULL NULL x
Joe NULL x NULL
John x NULL x
Some hints:
You might use 1 and 0 instead of x as SQL Server does not know a real boolean
You should add a pID to your names. Never join tables on real data (unless it is something unique and unchangeable [which means never acutally!!!])
UPDATE dynamic SQL (thx to #djlauk)
If you want a query which deals with any amount of groups you have to to this dynamically. But please be aware, that you loose the chance to use this in ad-hoc-SQL like in VIEW or inline TVF, which is quite a big backdraw...
CREATE TABLE #Name(pName VARCHAR(100));
INSERT INTO #Name VALUES('John'),('Joe'),('Jack'),('Jane');
CREATE TABLE #Group(gName VARCHAR(100),gID INT);
INSERT INTO #Group VALUES ('Soccer',1),('Hockey',2),('Basketball',3);
CREATE TABLE #map(pName VARCHAR(100),gID INT);
INSERT INTO #map VALUES
('John',1),('John',3)
,('Joe',2)
,('Jack',1),('Jack',2),('Jack',3)
,('Jane',3);
DECLARE #ListOfGroups VARCHAR(MAX)=
(
STUFF
(
(
SELECT DISTINCT ',' + QUOTENAME(gName)
FROM #Group
FOR XML PATH('')
),1,1,''
)
);
DECLARE #sql VARCHAR(MAX)=
(
'SELECT p.*
FROM
(
SELECT n.pName
,g.gName
,''x'' AS IsInGroup
FROM #map AS m
INNER JOIN #Name AS n ON m.pName=n.pName
INNER JOIN #Group AS g ON m.gID=g.gID
) AS x
PIVOT
(
MAX(IsInGroup) FOR gName IN(' + #ListOfGroups + ')
) as p');
EXEC(#sql);
GO
DROP TABLE #map;
DROP TABLE #Group;
DROP TABLE #Name;
I suspect it may be laborious to keep the pivot up to date if categories are added. Or maybe I just prefer Excel (if you ignore one major advantage). The following approach could be helpful too, assuming you do have Office 365.
I added the three tables using 3 CREATE TABLE statements and 3 INSERT statements based on the code I saw above. (The solutions make use of temporary tables to insert specific values, but I believe you already have the data in your three tables, called TableA, TableB, TableC).
CREATE TABLE TestName (pName VARCHAR(100));
INSERT INTO TestName VALUES('John'),('Joe'),('Jack'),('Jane');
CREATE TABLE TestGroup (gName VARCHAR(100),gID INT);
INSERT INTO TestGroup VALUES ('Soccer',1),('Hockey',2),('Basketball',3);
CREATE TABLE Testmap (pName VARCHAR(100),gID INT);
INSERT INTO Testmap VALUES
('John',1),('John',3)
,('Joe',2)
,('Jack',1),('Jack',2),('Jack',3)
,('Jane',3);
Then, in MS Excel, I added (there may be a shorter sequence but I'm still exploring) the three tables as queries from database > sql server database. After adding them, I added all three to the Data Model (I can elaborate if you ask).
I then inserted PivotTable from the ribbon, chose External data source, but opened the Tables tab (instead of Connections tab), to find my data model (mine was top of the list) and I clicked Open. At some point Excel prompted me to create relationships between tables and it did a good job of auto generating them for me.
After minor tweaks my PivotTable came out like this (I could also ask Excel to show the data as a PivotChart).
Pivot showing groups as columns and names as rows.
The advantage is that you don't have to revisit the PIVOT code in SQL if the list (of groups) changes. As I think someone else mentioned, consider using ids for pName as well, or another way to ensure that you are not stuck the next day if you have two persons named John or Jack.
In Excel you can choose when to refresh the data (or the pivot) and, after refresh, any additional categories will be added and counted.
I'm trying to normalize a mysql database....
I currently have a table that contains 11 columns for "categories". The first column is a user_id and the other 10 are category_id_1 - category_id_10. Some rows may only contain a category_id up to category_id_1 and the rest might be NULL.
I then have a table that has 2 columns, user_id and category_id...
What is the best way to transfer all of the data into separate rows in table 2 without adding a row for columns that are NULL in table 1?
thanks!
You can create a single query to do all the work, it just takes a bit of copy and pasting, and adjusting the column name:
INSERT INTO table2
SELECT * FROM (
SELECT user_id, category_id_1 AS category_id FROM table1
UNION ALL
SELECT user_id, category_id_2 FROM table1
UNION ALL
SELECT user_id, category_id_3 FROM table1
) AS T
WHERE category_id IS NOT NULL;
Since you only have to do this 10 times, and you can throw the code away when you are finished, I would think that this is the easiest way.
One table for users:
users(id, name, username, etc)
One for categories:
categories(id, category_name)
One to link the two, including any extra information you might want on that join.
categories_users(user_id, category_id)
-- or with extra information --
categories_users(user_id, category_id, date_created, notes)
To transfer the data across to the link table would be a case of writing a series of SQL INSERT statements. There's probably some awesome way to do it in one go, but since there's only 11 categories, just copy-and-paste IMO:
INSERT INTO categories_users
SELECT user_id, 1
FROM old_categories
WHERE category_1 IS NOT NULL