I am trying to modify the name of a large number of files, all of them with the following structure:
4.A.1 Introduction to foo.txt
2.C.3 Lectures on bar.pdf
3.D.6 Processes on baz.mp4
5.A.8 History of foo.txt
And I want to add a leading zero to the last digit:
4.A.01 Introduction to foo.txt
2.C.03 Lectures on bar.pdf
3.D.06 Processes on baz.mp4
5.A.08 History of foo.txt
At first I am trying to get the new names with sed (FreeBSD implementation):
ls | sed 's/\.[0-9]/0&/'
But I get the zero before the .
Note: replacing the second dot would also work. I am also open to use awk.
While it may have worked for you here, in general slicing and dicing ls output is fragile, whether using sed or awk or anything else. Fortunately one can accomplish this robustly in plain old POSIX sh using globbing and fancy-pants parameter expansions:
for f in [[:digit:]].[[:alpha:]].[[:digit:]]\ ?*; do
# $f = "[[:digit:]].[[:alpha:]].[[:digit:]] ?*" if no files match.
if [ "$f" != '[[:digit:]].[[:alpha:]].[[:digit:]] ?*' ]; then
tail=${f#*.*.} # filename sans "1.A." prefix
head=${f%"$tail"} # the "1.A." prefix
mv "$f" "${head}0${tail}"
fi
done
(EDIT: Filter out filenames that don't match desired format.)
This pipeline should work for you:
ls | sed 's/\.\([0-9]\)/.0\1/'
The sed command here will capture the digit and replace it with a preceding 0.
Here, \1 references the first (and in this case only) capture group - the parenthesized expression.
I am also open to use awk.
Let file.txt content be:
4.A.1 Introduction to foo.txt
2.C.3 Lectures on bar.pdf
3.D.6 Processes on baz.mp4
5.A.8 History of foo.txt
then
awk 'BEGIN{FS=OFS="."}{$3="0" $3;print}' file.txt
outputs
4.A.01 Introduction to foo.txt
2.C.03 Lectures on bar.pdf
3.D.06 Processes on baz.mp4
5.A.08 History of foo.txt
Explanation: I set dot (.) as both field seperator and output field seperator, then for every line I add leading 0 to third column ($3) by concatenating 0 and said column. Finally I print such altered line.
(tested in GNU Awk 5.0.1)
This might work for you (GNU sed):
sed 's/^\S*\./&0/' file
This appends 0 after the last . in the first string of non-empty characters in each line.
In case it helps somebody else, as an alternative to #costaparas answer:
ls | sed -E -e 's/^([0-9][.][A-Z][.])/\10/' > files
To then create the script the files:
cat files | awk '{printf "mv \"%s\" \"%s\"\n", $0, $0}' | sed 's/\.0/\./' > movefiles.sh
I have csv files that need to be changed f -> 0 and t -> 1 only between commas for every single csv if it matches. From:
,t,t,f,f,a,t,f,t,f,f,t,f,
tftf
to:
,1,1,0,0,a,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,
tftf
Works this way, but want to know better way that could reduce the replacing time consume
for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6
do
echo "converting tables for mariaDB"
find ./ -type f -name "*.csv" -print0 | xargs -0 sed -i 's/\,t\,/\,1\,/g'
find ./ -type f -name "*.csv" -print0 | xargs -0 sed -i 's/\,f\,/\,0\,/g'
echo "$i time(s) changed "
done
I except , one single command will change the line
Could you please try following. Though it is not perfect solution but would be simplest use it in case you don't have gawk's latest version where -inplace edit option is present.
for file in *.csv
awk '{gsub(/,t,/,",1,");gsub(/,f,/,",0,");gsub(/,t,/,",1,");gsub(/,f,/,",0,")} 1' "$file" > temp && mv temp"$file"
done
OR
for file in *.csv
awk -v t_val="1" -v f_val="0" 'BEGIN{FS=OFS=","}{for(i=2;i<NF;i++){$i=($i=="t"?t_val:$i=="f"?f_val:$i)}} 1' "$file" > temp && mv temp "$file"
done
2nd solution: Using gawk's latest version where we could save edit into Input_file itself.
gawk -i inplace '{gsub(/,t,/,",1,");gsub(/,f,/,",0,");gsub(/,t,/,",1,");gsub(/,f,/,",0,")} 1' *.csv
OR
gawk -i inplace -v t_val="1" -v f_val="0" 'BEGIN{FS=OFS=","}{for(i=2;i<NF;i++){$i=($i=="t"?t_val:$i=="f"?f_val:$i)}} 1' Input_file
The main problem, in this case, is that a regular expression does not allow overlap when parsing it with sed 's/ere/str/g' or awk '{gsub(ere,str,$0)}'. This comment nicely explains how you can circumvent this in sed using the t<label> command, which means: if a change happened to the pattern space, move to <label>. The comment shows a generic way of doing it. The awk alternative to this rule would be:
$ awk '{while(match($0,ere)) gsub(ere,str)}'
An alternative sed solution in the case of the OP's example could use the following idea:
duplicate all commas. Since we are searching for strings of the form ",t,", this duplication avoid overlap using s.
since no overlap is possible, replace all ",f," with ",0," and all ",t," with ",1,".
We can now revert all duplicated commas again. As no overlap is allowed, sequences like ,,,, will be nicely converted to ,, and not ,
In POSIX sed this looks like:
$ sed -e 's/,/,,/g' -e 's/,f,/,0,/g' \
-e 's/,t,/,1,/g' -e 's/,,/,/g' file > file.tmp
$ mv file.tmp file
With GNU sed we can do it in one go:
$ sed -i 's/,/,,/g;s/,f,/,0,/g;s/,t,/,1,/g;s/,,/,/g' file
With awk, this would look like:
$ awk 'BEGIN{FS=",";OFS=FS FS}
{$1=$1;gsub(/,f,/,",0,");gsub(/,t,/,",1,");gsub(OFS,FS)}1' file > file.tmp
$ mv file.tmp file
URLs:
1. https://docs.google.com/uc?id=0B3X9GlR6EmbnQ0FtZmJJUXEyRTA&export=download
2. https://drive.google.com/open?id=1TkLq5C7NzzmbRjd7VGRhauNT9Vaap-Py
3. https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1TkLq5C7NzzmbRjd7VGRhauNT9Vaap-Py?usp=sharing
I need a single regex for these all urls.
This is what I tried to use but didn't get expected results.
sed -E 's/.*\(folders\)?\(id\)?=?\/?(.*)&?.*/\1/'
Expected results:
0B3X9GlR6EmbnQ0FtZmJJUXEyRTA
1TkLq5C7NzzmbRjd7VGRhauNT9Vaap-Py
With your own code updated:
$ cat file
1. https://docs.google.com/uc?id=0B3X9GlR6EmbnQ0FtZmJJUXEyRTA&export=download
2. https://drive.google.com/open?id=1TkLq5C7NzzmbRjd7VGRhauNT9Vaap-Py
3. https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1TkLq5C7NzzmbRjd7VGRhauNT9Vaap-Py?usp=sharing
$ sed -E 's#.*(folders/|id=)([^?&]+).*#\2#' file
0B3X9GlR6EmbnQ0FtZmJJUXEyRTA
1TkLq5C7NzzmbRjd7VGRhauNT9Vaap-Py
1TkLq5C7NzzmbRjd7VGRhauNT9Vaap-Py
$ sed -E 's#.*(folders/|id=)([^?&]+).*#\2#' file | uniq
0B3X9GlR6EmbnQ0FtZmJJUXEyRTA
1TkLq5C7NzzmbRjd7VGRhauNT9Vaap-Py
And yours updated to sed -E 's#.*(folders/|id=)(.*)(\?|&|$).*#\2#' would work on GNU sed.
You are using -E, so no need to escape group quotes (), and | means OR.
When matching literal ?, you need to escape it.
And the separator of sed can change to other character, which is # here.
Note uniq will only remove adjacent duplicates, if there're duplicates in different places, change it to sort -u instead.
A GNU grep solution :
$ grep -Poi '(id=|folders/)\K[a-z0-9_-]*' file
0B3X9GlR6EmbnQ0FtZmJJUXEyRTA
1TkLq5C7NzzmbRjd7VGRhauNT9Vaap-Py
1TkLq5C7NzzmbRjd7VGRhauNT9Vaap-Py
Also these two give same results, but are more accurate than above shorter sed one:
sed -E 's#.*(folders/|id=)([A-Za-z0-9_-]*).*#\2#'
sed -E 's#.*(folders/|id=)([[:alnum:]_-]*).*#\2#'
Btw, + means one or more occurances, * means zero or more.
A GNU awk version (removes duplicates at the same time):
awk 'match($0,".*(folders/|id=)([A-Za-z0-9_-]+)",m){if(!a[m[2]]++)print m[2]}' file
Could you please try following.
awk 'match($0,/uc\?id=[^&]*|folders\/[^?]*/){value=substr($0,RSTART,RLENGTH);gsub(/.*=|.*\//,"",value);print value}' Input_file
Try this:
sed -E 's/.*(id=|folders\/)([^&?/]*).*/\2/' file
Explanations:
.*(id=|folders\/): after any characters(.*) followed by id= or folders/
([^&?/]*): search and capture any characters except &, ? and /
\2: using backreference, matching string is replaced with the second captured text([^&?/]*)
Edit:
To remove duplicate url, just pipe the command to sort then to uniq(because uniq just removes adjacent duplicate lines, you may want to sort the list before):
sed -E 's/.*(id=|folders\/)([^&?/]*).*/\2/' file | sort | uniq
As #Tiw suggests in edit, you can also pipe to a single command by using sort with the -u flag:
sed -E 's/.*(id=|folders\/)([^&?/]*).*/\2/' file | sort -u
Using Perl
$ cat rohit.txt
1. https://docs.google.com/uc?id=0B3X9GlR6EmbnQ0FtZmJJUXEyRTA&export=download
2. https://drive.google.com/open?id=1TkLq5C7NzzmbRjd7VGRhauNT9Vaap-Py
3. https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1TkLq5C7NzzmbRjd7VGRhauNT9Vaap-Py?usp=sharing
$ perl -lne ' s/.*\/.*..\/(.*)$/$1/g; s/(.*id=)//g; /(.+?)(&|\?|$)/ and print $1 ' rohit.txt
0B3X9GlR6EmbnQ0FtZmJJUXEyRTA
1TkLq5C7NzzmbRjd7VGRhauNT9Vaap-Py
1TkLq5C7NzzmbRjd7VGRhauNT9Vaap-Py
$
I need to use -z paramater with grep, which enables me to find a pattern divided to multiple lines.
grep -zPo myregex
However, it then prints
abc
instead of
a
b
c
as results
I know it is because of -z parametr, but i need to somehow insert the new lines between matches back, at results.
I tried to do so with sed, tr and awk such as
grep -zPo myregex | sed -e 's/$/\n/'
but it doesn't work, awk managed just to insert new line at the end of whole output. Someone adviced me to try it with gawk but I wasn't able to find any way to do so so far.
grep -zPo /tcp /etc/services | \
tr '\0' '\12'
This example demonstrates searching for the pattern in a file, and returning only the pattern (in this case the simple "/tcp" pattern). Then due to the -z option, grep is separating them by nulls (\0). So tr the nulls to returns (\n).
..And I know why:
I have a xml document with lots of information inside. I need to extract what I need and eventually print them on a new file.
The xml (well, part of it.. rows just keeps repeating)
<module classname="org.openas2.processor.receiver.AS2DirectoryPollingModule"
outboxdir="%home%/../../../home/samba/user/Outbound/toMartha/"
errordir="%home%/../../../home/samba/user/Outbound/toMartha/error"
sentdir="%home%/../../../home/samba/user/data/Sent/Martha"
interval="600"
defaults="sender.name=me_myself, receiver.name=Martha"
sendfilename="true"
mimetype="application/standard"/>
<module classname="org.openas2.processor.receiver.AS2DirectoryPollingModule"
outboxdir="%home%/../../../home/samba/user/Outbound/toJosh/"
errordir="%home%/../../../home/samba/user/Outbound/toJosh/error"
sentdir="%home%/../../../home/samba/user/data/Sent/Josh"
interval="600"
defaults="sender.name=me_myself, receiver.name=Josh"
sendfilename="true"
mimetype="application/standard"/>
<module classname="org.openas2.processor.receiver.AS2DirectoryPollingModule"
outboxdir="%home%/../../../home/samba/user/Outbound/toPamela/"
errordir="%home%/../../../home/samba/user/Outbound/toPamela/error"
interval="600"
defaults="sender.name=me_myself, receiver.name=Pamela"
sendfilename="true"
mimetype="application/standard"/>
I need to extract the folder after "Outbound" and clean it from quotes or slashes.
Also, I need to exclude the "/error" so I get only 1 result for each of them.
My command is:
grep -o -v "/error" "Outbound/" config.xml | awk -F"Outbound/" '{print $2}' | sed -e "s/\/\"//g" > /tmp/sync_users
The error is: grep: Outbound/: No such file or directory which of course means that I'm giving to grep too many arguments (?) - If i remove the -v "/error" it would work but would print also the names with "/error".
Can someone help me?
EDIT:
As some pointed out in their example (thanks for the time you put in), I'd need to extract these words based on the sample above:
toMartha
toJosh
toPamela
could be intersting to use sed in this case
sed -e '\#/Outbound/#!d' -e '\#/error"$#d' -e 's#.*/Outbound/##;s#/\{0,1\}"$##' Config.xml
awk version, assuming (for last print) that your line is always 1 folder below Outbound as shown
awk -F '/' '$0 !~ /\/Outbound\// || /\/error"$/ {next} {print $(NF-1)}' Config.xml
Loose the grep altogether:
$ awk '/outboxdir/{gsub(/^.+Outbound\/|\/" *\r?$/,""); print}' file
toMartha
toJosh
toPamela
/^outboxdir/ /outboxdir/only process records that have start with outboxdir on them
gsub remove unwanted parts of the record
added space removal at the end of record and CRLF fix for Windows originated files
To give grep multiples patterns they have to be separated by newlines or specified by multiples pattern option (-e, F,.. ). However -v invert the match as a whole, you can't invert only one.
For what you're after you can use PCRE (-P argument) for the lookaround ability:
grep -o -P '(?<=Outbound\/)[^\/]+(?!.*\/error)' config.xml
Regex demo here
The regex try to
match something not a slash at least once, the [^\/]+
preceded by Outbound/ the positive lookbehind (?<=Outbound\/)
and not followed by something ending with /error, the negative lookahead (?!.*\/error)
With your first sample input:
$ grep -o -P '(?<=Outbound\/)[^\/]+(?!.*\/error)' test.txt
toMartha
toJosh
toPamela
How about:
grep -i "outbound" your_file | awk -F"Outbound/" '{print $2}' | sed -e 's/error//' -e 's/\/\"//' | uniq
Should work :)
You can use match in gawkand capturing group in regex
awk 'match($0, /^.*\/Outbound\/([^\/]+)\/([^\/]*)\/?"$/, a){
if(a[2]!="error"){print a[1]}
}' config.xml
you get,
toMartha
toJosh
toPamela
grep can accept multiple patterns with the -e option (aka --regexp, even though it can be used with --fixed-strings too, go figure). However, -v (--invert-match) applies to all of the patterns as a group.
Another solution would be to chain two calls to grep:
grep -v "/error" config.xml | grep "Outbound/" | awk -F"Outbound/" '{print $2}' | sed -e "s/\/\"//g"