What is the hreflang-equivelant way of targeting different regions? [closed] - seo

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One of my projects is going through a global expansion and we have multiple top-level domains with local TLDs for the different countries (I've seen this great answer and I think I'm well aware of the do's and don'ts).
The content is largely the same from one country to the next, except for a few customer products that are/aren't available from country to country and of course, the currency, prices, delivery information, local store addresses, etc, etc..
We can't use canonicals because each domain needs to rank within its own country. But critically, we cannot use hreflang links because all websites are in the same language (in English).
ie.:
We have something like this...
https://www.website.co.uk/ for customers in the uk, in english
https://www.website.com.br/ for customers in brazil in english
https://www.website.ca/ for customers in canada, in english
https://www.website.fr/ for customers in france, in english
In future we'll publish language variations as a directory
https://www.website.fr/en/ for customers in france, in english
https://www.website.fr/fr/ for customers in france, in french
Is there anything like hreflang that we can use to give a strong signal that each domain is specifically tailored to users in that region even though they are in the same language?
Thanks in advance!
ps.: this answer from Google is very useful but our situation just doesn't fit their definition of "country-based language variations".

You don't need a way that's equivalent to hreflang -- you need hreflang :)
Hreflang was designed to signal not just the correlation between pages that have different languages but also scenarios like yours where you have the same language but targeting different geos.
So go ahead and use en-GB, en-BR, en-CA and even en-FR. However, since your content is all going to be in English, you will have to be extra careful to localize the content. Google has been known to disregard weaker sites if they encounter duplicate content, even if it's Hreflang'ed.
To ensure your sites don't get ignored as duplicates, make sure there is country-specific information on every page. The currency and shipping content is an obvious way to differentiate all the pages so make sure that content is highlighted on the pages.

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How to discover which technology a website is built upon? [closed]

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How can I know wether a website is based on Wordpress / Wix / React / Next.js / Nuxt.js / PHP etc?
I know answer for two, maybe you can help with other popular technologies.
Wordpress: I mostly check wether the https://theirdomain/wp-admin.php drop onto the login screen. It helps many times. And usually their html has prefixes based on their page builder. I.e. if they use Elementor is used, it has many elementor- prefix in the html tag names.
Next.js: Under body there is always a mandatory <div> with id __next.
I am most curious about the following two sites, what they could use:
https://www.szauna-szeansz.hu
https://sebeszem.hu
A software tools is welcome to propose to get infos about used technologies in websites.
You can use Wappalyzer: https://www.wappalyzer.com/
Or tech specific devtools like the VueJS ones or Vue telescope, then React ones etc...
Otherwise, checking the source code.
For the first one
For the second one
Then it comes down to know a bit of e-commerce platforms etc.

Validating the Receipt: What do we choose under Export Compliance when Submitting? [closed]

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If I perform a receipt validation in my code (and include the Security framework) following Apple's Documentation, am I required to select YES when asked "Have you added or made changes to encryption features since you last uploaded a binary for this product" during the Export Compliance?
And if so, how do I respond to "Is your product designed to use cryptography or does it contain or incorporate cryptography?"
And finally... if the answer is YES to both those questions, how do I answer, "Does your product qualify for any of the exemptions provided in Category 5 part 2?"
Read this. The iOS SDK and Mac OS SDK both have export compliance already, CCATS and all. Please also follow the links on the Export Compliance questionnaire, they provide them so you can look at the exemptions yourself and figure out if it is compliant. If all you're using is Apple's frameworks (no custom encryption) though, the only way you could not be exempted is if any of those clauses at the bottom of the page I linked to applies to you, ie:
You want to sell the software in Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Sudan, or Syria
You intend the product to be used in the design, development, production or use of nuclear, missiles, or chemical and biological weapons and technology and you don't have explicit authorization from the U.S. Government to do this
You intend to sell to anyone on the U.S. Treasury Department’s list of Specially Designated Nationals or the U.S. Department of Commerce Denied Person’s List or Entity List
EDIT: To summarise (including my comment), you should answer YES and YES, then check the exemptions. As far as I can tell, you should meet one of the exemptions if you aren't using any sort of custom encryption, so you should be able to answer YES to the final question. The list above are clauses that would prevent an application using Apple frameworks from being export compliant.
There's also some good info provided in this answer, covering SNAP-R procedures.

How to describe a platform to non-developers? [closed]

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I've been trying to describe the concept of platforms to some non-developer people on my team. I'm trying to explain how platforms are more than just tools and environments. For example, the Facebook Platform. How to describe the fact that the platform is more than just the website, but includes protocols like XFBML, opengraph, etc.
Facebook Platform is one example, but I would be interested if anyone has an abstracted way to describe what 'platforms' are in the tech world. I've had difficulty explaining this concept before in situations unrelated to flash.
Analogies that aren't tech related would be helpful as well.
I would say something about it being all-inclusive and extending to include all functionality that the entire ecosystem around that particular piece of software needs to thrive.
The Wikipedia page might help in putting it into words: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_platform
I use a "restaurant" metaphor, myself: Think of the kitchen, the bar, the dining room as components to the platform. How the decor can change in the dining room without changing the function, but can affect how customers perceive the business. How the recipes instruct the cooks, and the interactions with the wait staff can all affect different aspects of the business much like different pieces of your platform can be modified to affect different aspects of your business. Oh, and don't forget management!

the relation between popularity and competition in SEO field [closed]

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what is the relation between popularity and competition in SEO field?
i don't mean the formula.i mean the conceptional relation.
i mean can we say more competition cause more popularity or viseversa,more popularity cause more competition?
more competition about a topic means it is general that many sites talk about it and so maybe more people use the web for finding information about that topic and this cause more popularity.
on the other side,if more people search a special term on the web means there is some need for that topic and this cause site owner to talk about that topic to attract more visitors to their site and it cause growing competition.
what is your idea? am i think wrong?
It would be very hard to find any meaningful data on this, but this is how I see it and this is how I suggest these things to any client I visit.
If a subject is popular there will be more competition as it will be linked to frequently, and these pages would obtain link value for these terms within anchor text. Also, if a subject is popular it can be assumed that more people will want to search for it.
Obviously, if there is more competition then it's harder to become the best resource on Google. As it's typical for people to link to the best possible pages the best way to become popular in a field with lots of competition is to make your website the best possible resource for users; over a set period users will visit your website and those that like what they see will link to it.
As a result, the way to become popular in a field with lots of competition is to create the best possible web pages for that given subject. Naturally, there may be lots of competition in areas that aren't popular, but the data is already out there through Google and Yahoo tools to gauge what is popular and what isn't. It's just a matter of building your resources and being patient enough to become popular.

Do search engines take into considertaion ARIA roles (http://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/)? [closed]

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My company's web-site is all about online games, so accessibility is not high on our priority list. SEO best practices, however, are. Searching on the net we couldn't find any discussion of whether or not ARIA is such a best practice (which is a kind of answer already :-). I found this surprising because using ARIA roles seems like a natural thing to do - they contain a lot of SEO-relevant meta-data (overall page structure, what parts of the page are the "main" as opposed to "service" navigation area, what parts contain "actual" vs. "related" vs. "independent" content, etc.). What's more, given they effect the user interface (screen readers and so on) they would tend to be pretty accurate when they exist.
Does anyone have specific knowledge about whether any search engines actually use this data, if it exists in a page?
Search engines like Google are pretty smart no matter how badly you set up your page, SEO relevant meta data or not.
The main thing is to make sure your page is marked up properly, that it validates and that you don't employ any "black-hat" techniques that could cause search engines to black list your page.
As for ARIA, I'm not sure if it's really going to make much difference one way or another.