sql email notification for customers - sql

I have a scenario where by I create a product on the asp.net front end and it goes into a SQL database. When creating a product I have to assign it to 3 suppliers on the font end to say that these suppliers area the only ones who supply the product.
However when I have entered the data for the product and clicked submit, the data is saved in the products table. I want it to also send an email to the assigned suppliers to say "you have been assigned to "
What is the best thing to do? I have been recommended triggers but not sure how to use them.

This is more of an architecture question than a SQL Server question, but I'm happy to give my opinion. I'm going to step back from the idea of doing it in the database and give you a different perspective on it.
What you are describing falls in the territory of business rules, and putting business rules in the database, especially in triggers, can make your application more complicated to understand and maintain.
Instead, I would recommend creating a service layer and coordinate all business rules like this in the service layer instead of mixing them into the database. That way the database has one job (a single responsibility) and that is to store the data... it doesn't need to know anything else.
Personally, I like organizing my code this way as it makes it easier to unit test and makes it easier to adhere to SOLID principles.
Please bear with me for an example... In C#, you might have a class that looks something like this:
class ProductService
{
private Database _database;
private Notifier _notifier;
public ProductService(Database database, Notifier notifier)
{
_database = database;
_notifier = notifier;
}
public void AddProduct(Product product)
{
_database.SaveProduct(product);
NotifySuppliersAboutProduct(product);
}
private void NotifySuppliersAboutProduct(Product product)
{
foreach (var supplier in product.Suppliers)
{
NotifySupplierAboutProduct(supplier, product)
}
}
private void NotifySupplierAboutProduct(Supplier supplier, Product product)
{
// TODO: Construct email to/subject/body variables here
_notifier.SendEmail(to, subject, body);
}
}
ProductService is just coordinating the work by assembling other classes it needs and calling them to accomplish something, in this case Adding a product.
Database is a class that handles all interfacing with the database.
Notifier is a class that handles all email sending.
I hope this idea helps or at least gives you another option to consider. Good luck!

Related

Need help deserializing JSON data from an external Web API and storing the data in a SQL database

So, I'm working with JSON for the first time within ASP.net.
Apologies, should have specified, language being worked on is c# within ASP.Net.
I currently have the following:
private static async void UpdateStreetWebApiProperties()
{
var client = new HttpClient();
var request = new HttpRequestMessage
{
Method = HttpMethod.Get,
RequestUri = new Uri("https://inventorymanchestertest.co.uk/api/property-feed/sales/search"),
Headers =
{
{ "ContentType", "application/json" },
{ "Authorization", "Bearer API_Key" },
},
};
using (var response = await client.SendAsync(request))
{
response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();
var body = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
if (response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
{
System.Net.ServicePointManager.SecurityProtocol = SecurityProtocolType.Tls | SecurityProtocolType.Tls11 | SecurityProtocolType.Tls12;
StreetWebApi_GetProperties streetwebapi_getproperties = new StreetWebApi_GetProperties();
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("Could not get properties");
}
Console.WriteLine();
}
}
The variable body successfully draws down the JSON data in it's complete form. However, I'm looking to seperate each part into it's respective columns in a SQL DB.
The JSON looks like this:
{"data":[{"type":"property","id":"a91ab45e-5db8-4486-9bdf-f38dcb63c400","attributes":{"branch_uuid":"3e7a4a68-ab41-46c3-9a48-e3d1635cd056","inline_address":"101 London Road, Peterborough","public_address":"London Road, Peterborough, PE2","postcode":"PE2 9DD","bedrooms":5,"bathrooms":2,"receptions":2,"floor_area":null,"plot_area":null,"land_area":null,"property_type":"Detached House","property_age_bracket":null,"construction_year":null,"status":"For Sale","sale_status":"For Sale","lettings_status":null,"owner_label":"Vendor","tenure":null,"tenure_notes":null,"lease_expiry_year":null,"lease_expiry_date":null,"public_url":"https:\/\/inventorymanchester.co.uk\/platform\/properties\/a91ab45e-5db8-4486-9bdf-f38dcb63c400","created_at":"2022-06-17T15:18:53+01:00","updated_at":"2022-07-12T11:23:11+01:00","custom_meta_data":[],"property_urls":[],"viewing_booking_url":"https:\/\/inventorymanchester.co.uk\/platform\/properties\/a91ab45e-5db8-4486-9bdf-f38dcb63c400\/book-viewing"},"relationships":{"address":{"data":{"type":"address","id":"433518e4-d544-42ce-aba4-7d1137465af1"}},"details":{"data":{"type":"details","id":"1bf2b0fc-36c1-40f1-9e04-5b5cf72ffd0c"}},"salesListing":{"data":{"type":"sales_listing","id":"992114a6-3fcf-48b1-af1d-f5f3976a23da"}},"lettingsListing":{"data":null},"primaryImage":{"data":{"type":"media","id":"9ed40865-0873-4159-808b-5941faa520c9"}}}},{"type":"property","id":"4fd57964-71ea-4a77-b773-b4079a0f95dc","attributes":{"branch_uuid":"3e7a4a68-ab41-46c3-9a48-e3d1635cd056","inline_address":"4 Riverside Mead, Peterborough","public_address":"Riverside Mead, Peterborough, PE2","postcode":"PE2 8JN","bedrooms":4,"bathrooms":3,"receptions":2,"floor_area":null,"plot_area":null,"land_area":null,"property_type":"Detached House","property_age_bracket":null,"construction_year":null,"status":"Sold STC","sale_status":"Sold STC","lettings_status":null,"owner_label":"Vendor","tenure":null,"tenure_notes":null,"lease_expiry_year":null,"lease_expiry_date":null,"public_url":"https:\/\/inventorymanchester.co.uk\/platform\/properties\/4fd57964-71ea-4a77-b773-b4079a0f95dc","created_at":"2022-06-17T16:39:19+01:00","updated_at":"2022-07-19T11:39:26+01:00","custom_meta_data":[],"property_urls":[],"viewing_booking_url":"https:\/\/inventorymanchester.co.uk\/platform\/properties\/4fd57964-71ea-4a77-b773-b4079a0f95dc\/book-viewing"},"relationships":{"address":{"data":{"type":"address","id":"03d1a68a-6f4a-42ff-bf65-5b9768d6ce81"}},"details":{"data":{"type":"details","id":"f2b1a173-0611-4014-a980-894257b0bab0"}},"salesListing":{"data":{"type":"sales_listing","id":"be1cec3a-cf2f-40c4-a627-427cf3fbdfa7"}},"lettingsListing":{"data":null},"primaryImage":{"data":{"type":"media","id":"125542ce-27f1-4852-8fb6-b71daaaa70d1"}}}}],"included":[{"type":"address","id":"433518e4-d544-42ce-aba4-7d1137465af1","attributes":{"anon_address":"London Road, Peterborough, PE2","line_1":"101 London Road","line_2":"Peterborough","line_3":null,"town":"Peterborough","postcode":"PE2 9DD","inline":"101 London Road, Peterborough, PE2 9DD","longitude":-0.2465764,"latitude":52.560172}},{"type":"details","id":"1bf2b0fc-36c1-40f1-9e04-5b5cf72ffd0c","attributes":{"display_property_style":null,"work_required":null,"heating_system":null,"council_tax_band":null,"council_tax_cost":null,"local_authority":null,"service_charge":null,"service_charge_period":"month","service_charge_notes":null,"ground_rent":null,"ground_rent_period":"month","ground_rent_review_period_years":null,"ground_rent_uplift":null,"ground_rent_expiry":null,"full_description":"<p>Tortoise Property are pleased to offer this five bed detached house that is situated in the popular location of London Road, Fletton.<br><br>**Please call for either a viewing or virtual tour of this property.**<br><br>The property has a hallway, ground floor bathroom, bedroom, kitchen, dining room, lounge and converted garage on the ground floor. There are four bedrooms and the family bathroom on the first floor.<br><br>Outside the property has a front garden, a back garden and off-road parking for four cars.<br><\/p>","short_description":null,"location_summary":"London Road is a great location that is situated within walking distance of the city centre and local amenities. The Queensgate shopping centre is an 16 minute walk. The train station is a 21 minute walk or 5 minutes by car. The Kings secondary school is a 6 minute drive.\r\n\r\nPeterborough City Centre can be reached by car in 5 minutes and by bus in 10 minutes.\r\n\r\nThe A1 Junction can be reached by car in 11 minutes and the surrounding parkways give access to the A47 both east and west. \r\n\r\nWe love Fletton because of the lifestyle you can enjoy here. Great homes, close to nature and superb facilities make this one of our favourite places to live and work.","has_parking":null,"has_outdoor_space":null,"virtual_tour":null,"shared_ownership":false,"shared_ownership_notes":null,"shared_ownership_rent":null,"shared_ownership_rent_frequency":null,"shared_ownership_percentage_sold":null,"created_at":"2022-06-17T15:18:54+01:00","updated_at":"2022-06-17T15:28:08+01:00"}},{"type":"sales_listing","id":"992114a6-3fcf-48b1-af1d-f5f3976a23da","attributes":{"status":"For Sale","price":300000,"price_qualifier":"In Excess of","display_price":true,"archived":false,"is_low_profile":false,"occupancy_status":1,"new_home":false,"created_at":"2022-06-17T15:29:16+01:00","updated_at":"2022-06-17T15:29:57+01:00"}},{"type":"media","id":"9ed40865-0873-4159-808b-5941faa520c9","attributes":{"name":"136511_31517777_IMG_17_0000","order":0,"is_featured":true,"feature_index":1,"title":null,"is_image":true,"url":"https:\/\/ik.imagekit.io\/street\/street-mobile\/properties\/general\/844548\/136511_31517777_IMG_17_0000.jpeg","urls":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/ik.imagekit.io\/street\/street-mobile\/properties\/general\/844548\/136511_31517777_IMG_17_0000.jpeg?tr=pr-true,n-property_thumb","small":"https:\/\/ik.imagekit.io\/street\/street-mobile\/properties\/general\/844548\/136511_31517777_IMG_17_0000.jpeg?tr=pr-true,n-property_small_fill_crop","medium":"https:\/\/ik.imagekit.io\/street\/street-mobile\/properties\/general\/844548\/136511_31517777_IMG_17_0000.jpeg?tr=pr-true,n-property_medium_fill_crop","large":"https:\/\/ik.imagekit.io\/street\/street-mobile\/properties\/general\/844548\/136511_31517777_IMG_17_0000.jpeg?tr=pr-true,n-property_large_fill_crop","hero":"https:\/\/ik.imagekit.io\/street\/street-mobile\/properties\/general\/844548\/136511_31517777_IMG_17_0000.jpeg?tr=pr-true,n-property_hero","full":"https:\/\/ik.imagekit.io\/street\/street-mobile\/properties\/general\/844548\/136511_31517777_IMG_17_0000.jpeg"}}},{"type":"address","id":"03d1a68a-6f4a-42ff-bf65-5b9768d6ce81","attributes":{"anon_address":"Riverside Mead, Peterborough, PE2","line_1":"4 Riverside Mead","line_2":"Peterborough","line_3":null,"town":"Peterborough","postcode":"PE2 8JN","inline":"4 Riverside Mead, Peterborough, PE2 8JN","longitude":-0.2305068,"latitude":52.5631968}},{"type":"details","id":"f2b1a173-0611-4014-a980-894257b0bab0","attributes":{"display_property_style":null,"work_required":null,"heating_system":null,"council_tax_band":null,"council_tax_cost":null,"local_authority":null,"service_charge":null,"service_charge_period":"month","service_charge_notes":null,"ground_rent":null,"ground_rent_period":"month","ground_rent_review_period_years":null,"ground_rent_uplift":null,"ground_rent_expiry":null,"full_description":"<p>Here at Tortoise Property, we pride ourselves on doing things differently, by offering a complete partnership and consistent approach to construct a comprehensive marketing package tailored for the single purpose of selling your property as agreed at the initial valuation.<br><br>\"Tortoise provided me with a comprehensive property management service over a four year period, offering a friendly, transparent and consistent relationship.<br><br>When I decided to sell my property I immediately engaged with Tortoise to undertake the action. They actively advertised my property, were proactive with local sale opportunities and provided timely updates on progress. The sale on my property was agreed, exchanged and completed within five weeks. I would highly recommend Tortoise Property for their professional and friendly approach.\" - Tracey Matthews - Testimonial <br><br>Valuations<br><br>We concentrate on the maximum price your house is likely to sell for then agree a sensible timeframe for which the property should be sold whilst clearly explaining how the fee you are charged, is invested in enabling us to find your buyer from across the country.<br><br>\"I recently used Tortoise to sell my house, Chris came round and went through everything there price was better than all others I had received and they seemed a lot more genuine.\" - James Richards - Testimonial <br><br>Relationship management<br><br>Our relationship managers are here to personally look after you offering complete transparency and guidance throughout the sales process, following a 12-week programme that provides regular viewings with prompt feedback.<br><br>\"They say selling your home can be very stressful, not with this team, there was never a time you could not get in touch with these guys. You will be in safe hands all the way from start to finish.\" - Maxine Ambrose - Testimonial <br><br>Facebook<br><br>The growth of our sales portfolio into the wider Peterborough area we believe is the result of our unique strategy to capture maximum exposure. Facebook provides us with the opportunity to target our property marketing and expand our reach beyond the property portals.<br><br>Facebook live<br><br>The potential reach of a digital tour is limitless. Our live feed property tours on facebook are great for potential buyers to not only view the property but to ask relevant questions and get instant replies from wherever they are based.<br><br>Online and traditional auctions<br><br>Our property auction service gives you the ability to sell your property at auction either online or at a live auction. The buyer pays a commission so your house is sold at no cost to you. The buyer must complete within 28 or 56 days meaning your property is sold fast.<br><br>Performance-related fees<br><br>Here at Tortoise we do offer traditional fee structures based on a standard percentage of the purchase price or a fixed fee. However, we are so good at what we do that we are confident enough to offer you performance related fees we believe we should win together.<br><br>24\/7 services<br><br>Property sales can be daunting, especially if it is your first time. Here at Tortoise, we have real people available to talk to 24 hours a day 7 days a week as well as a live web chat so that you can chat to someone at your convenience.<br><br><br><br><br><br>Negotiator awards<br><br>In 2017 Tortoise Property was shortlisted for website of the year in the negotiator awards competing with large national estate agency chains illustrating the quality and presentation of our brand and level of service.<br><br>Our micro-site offers plenty of information so please choose from one of the tabs on the left that is applicable to your requirements and we look forward to seeing you in the near future or to find out more about us and our services visit www.tortoise property.co.uk<br><\/p>","short_description":null,"location_summary":null,"has_parking":null,"has_outdoor_space":null,"virtual_tour":null,"shared_ownership":false,"shared_ownership_notes":null,"shared_ownership_rent":null,"shared_ownership_rent_frequency":null,"shared_ownership_percentage_sold":null,"created_at":"2022-06-17T16:39:20+01:00","updated_at":"2022-06-17T16:45:16+01:00"}},{"type":"sales_listing","id":"be1cec3a-cf2f-40c4-a627-427cf3fbdfa7","attributes":{"status":"Sold STC","price":350000,"price_qualifier":"Fixed Price","display_price":true,"archived":false,"is_low_profile":false,"occupancy_status":1,"new_home":false,"created_at":"2022-07-19T11:38:08+01:00","updated_at":"2022-07-19T11:39:26+01:00"}},{"type":"media","id":"125542ce-27f1-4852-8fb6-b71daaaa70d1","attributes":{"name":"136511_31519016_IMG_00_0000","order":0,"is_featured":true,"feature_index":1,"title":null,"is_image":true,"url":"https:\/\/ik.imagekit.io\/street\/street-mobile\/properties\/general\/844609\/136511_31519016_IMG_00_0000.jpeg","urls":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/ik.imagekit.io\/street\/street-mobile\/properties\/general\/844609\/136511_31519016_IMG_00_0000.jpeg?tr=pr-true,n-property_thumb","small":"https:\/\/ik.imagekit.io\/street\/street-mobile\/properties\/general\/844609\/136511_31519016_IMG_00_0000.jpeg?tr=pr-true,n-property_small_fill_crop","medium":"https:\/\/ik.imagekit.io\/street\/street-mobile\/properties\/general\/844609\/136511_31519016_IMG_00_0000.jpeg?tr=pr-true,n-property_medium_fill_crop","large":"https:\/\/ik.imagekit.io\/street\/street-mobile\/properties\/general\/844609\/136511_31519016_IMG_00_0000.jpeg?tr=pr-true,n-property_large_fill_crop","hero":"https:\/\/ik.imagekit.io\/street\/street-mobile\/properties\/general\/844609\/136511_31519016_IMG_00_0000.jpeg?tr=pr-true,n-property_hero","full":"https:\/\/ik.imagekit.io\/street\/street-mobile\/properties\/general\/844609\/136511_31519016_IMG_00_0000.jpeg"}}}],"meta":{"pagination":{"total":2,"count":2,"per_page":250,"current_page":1,"total_pages":1}},"links":{"self":"https:\/\/inventorymanchester.co.uk\/api\/property-feed\/sales\/search?page%5Bnumber%5D=1","first":"https:\/\/inventorymanchester.co.uk\/api\/property-feed\/sales\/search?page%5Bnumber%5D=1","last":"https:\/\/inventorymanchester.co.uk\/api\/property-feed\/sales\/search?page%5Bnumber%5D=1"}}
I've used XML before and used XML readers to do the job but my understanding is that JSON is a very different way of working with data.
Could I please have some examples of ways I could deserialise the information and then some stored procedures to store them correctly as currently I've looked up several ways to acheive this but none have made too much sense.
Many thanks
-- Micro update --
I have setup the classes using paste special for JSON and am then running the following:
private static async void UpdateStreetWebApiProperties()
{
var client = new HttpClient();
var request = new HttpRequestMessage
{
Method = HttpMethod.Get,
RequestUri = new Uri("https://inventorymanchestertest.co.uk/api/property-feed/sales/search"),
Headers =
{
{ "ContentType", "application/json" },
{ "Authorization", "Bearer auth_foo" },
},
};
using (var response = await client.SendAsync(request))
{
response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();
var properties = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
if (response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
{
tortoise_common.JSONModel.Datum streetResponse = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<tortoise_common.JSONModel.Datum>(properties);
{
Console.WriteLine(streetResponse);
}
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("Could not get branch");
}
Console.WriteLine(properties);
}
}
However, upon running the code through the deserializer, the values assigned are coming through as "null". I would assume this would mean that the classes are not getting and setting any values.
Not quite sure on why the serializer is returning no values despite the "properties" variable having the full JSON string within.
Ok, so you could do this one of two ways:
use netonsoft - parse the jason.
(just like we do with xml - really a VERY simular approach).
Or, build a class that represents the XML, or json data.
So, in some cases, its easier to pluck out the values of the json string (using parsers and attribute selectors). A few loops.
So, MORE important, what is that json data?
Is it
Simple one reocrd, say FirstName, LastName, City?
or, is the data REPEATING data - a complex master customer invoice form with say one record at the top (customer information), and then repeating data of invoice details?
So, lets take a quick look at the data, see what we get.
Add a new blank class to y our project - ctrl-A - del key (clear out the class).
Now, we grab your sample json (copy).
Now, back to the empty class in Visual Studio, and then this:
when we do this, the base (bottom root) class tends to get a default name of RootObject, and you no doubt been code and slicing and dicing json data all day.
So, we either change that name, but better yet, lets just toss around the whole mess a namespace.
Well, VS now cranks out this:
Namespace MyDataTest
Public Class Rootobject
Public Property data() As Datum
Public Property included() As Included
Public Property meta As Meta
Public Property links As Links
End Class
Public Class Meta
Public Property pagination As Pagination
End Class
Public Class Pagination
Public Property total As Integer
Public Property count As Integer
Public Property per_page As Integer
Public Property current_page As Integer
Public Property total_pages As Integer
End Class
Public Class Links
Public Property self As String
Public Property first As String
Public Property last As String
End Class
Public Class Attributes
Public Property branch_uuid As String
Public Property inline_address As String
Public Property public_address As String
Public Property postcode As String
Public Property bedrooms As Integer
Public Property bathrooms As Integer
Public Property receptions As Integer
Public Property floor_area As Object
Public Property plot_area As Object
Public Property land_area As Object
Public Property property_type As String
Public Property property_age_bracket As Object
Public Property construction_year As Object
Public Property status As String
Public Property sale_status As String
Public Property lettings_status As Object
Public Property owner_label As String
Public Property tenure As Object
Public Property tenure_notes As Object
Public Property lease_expiry_year As Object
Public Property lease_expiry_date As Object
Public Property public_url As String
Public Property created_at As Date
Public Property updated_at As Date
Public Property custom_meta_data() As Object
Public Property property_urls() As Object
Public Property viewing_booking_url As String
End Class
(and more - it too rude to post more code - stop here)
End Class
End Namespace
Hum, not a super simple structure, and it does show/have some "repeating" data.
(and with repeating data, we care because then that SIGNIFICALY increases the difficult in taking that data to sql server.
One of the interview type of questions that google, Microsoft ask you?
They are questions of how high, how far, how big.
In other words, they want developers that have a sense of "scope".
I mean, you can walk with ease to a store down the block. But, if it is 5 miles away, then you really starting to solve that issue by adopting some form of motorized transportation - its too far to walk (so, how far, how big, how high type of question).
Ok, so we generated the class. lets look at it.
Right click -> view class diagram.
We get this:
Hum, ok, lets expand a few of the objects now:
Ok, I'm going for coffee. So, at least we asked the how high, how far, and how big question then right?
You not just adding a few simple rows to some database.
You asking me to come to your house, clear out the garage, then cook you dinner, and then clean up the kitchen afterwards.
But, as least you can see how Visual Studio has some built in tools, and some things that let you get a quick and easy feel for what you up against.
Looking at above? I think you probably take the class road, and let Visual Studio create the class for you. You can then send that string to newtonsoft, and it will then peal it out like layers of a onion to the above class. (and its only 4 lines of code to do this).
At that point, then you can start to take that data, and send it to SQL server. but, it not just a simple User name and address here, but a grouping of multiple tables and data - all of which would have to be added to a database, and no doubt highly relational database that has all that information.
If you have that existing database schema? Then hey, this is not too bad then.
but, do the fields and columns and existing database you have match the json data?
So, then we ask another how high how far, how big question:
If the columns and database structure you have now does NOT match the json data, then we not really adding rows to a database, but are in fact doing a type of data migration - and now we have to introduce "mapping" for what amounts to 100+ columns or more. So, that's what I have that 2nd question:
Do you have a matching database structure (schema) now that follows the field names used in this json data ? (are field names 100% exact???).
Since, if the columns don't match, and that database you already have does not match the incoming data? Then you just increased the workload here by significant amounts - we now not adding rows, but having to translate from one data schema to another - and that going to cost you even more time and efforts here.
Edit2: parse out using test data
Ok, so I don't have the web service, so for this I'll just paste the sample data into a notepad.txt and read it. No problem.
So, we take the above data - use the paste speical->json.
I changed the name space around the class - due to having other test json objects. But, no changes - just a extra name space.
So, the start of the class looks like this:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
namespace jdat
{
public class Rootobject
{
public Datum[] data { get; set; }
public Included[] included { get; set; }
public Meta meta { get; set; }
public Links links { get; set; }
}
public class Meta
{
public Pagination pagination { get; set; }
}
public class Pagination
{
public int total { get; set; }
public int count { get; set; }
public int per_page { get; set; }
etc. etc. etc.
Ok, so now our code to test this:
drop a button on a web form, and this code:
protected void cmdPARSE_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
// don't have web service - paste test data into notepage
string strBufJSON = File.ReadAllText(#"c:\test7\jdata.txt");
// pretend above is web service results
jdat.Rootobject jData;
jData = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<jdat.Rootobject>(strBufJSON);
// now display some values
Debug.Print(jData.data[0].attributes.public_url);
Debug.Print(jData.data[0].attributes.property_type);
Debug.Print(jData.data[0].attributes.sale_status);
}
So a few things:
Try tagging the language - I am fluent in vb/c#, but will post as vb.net if lanaguage not speicfed.
So, since the data is a "array", then you have to either loop over all data tiems, or just pull out [0] as above.
Intel sense still works shows all items/properties of the class - VERY nice and helpful.

how to recognize object's responsibility?

I'm new in OOP and I just started learning it. Its too complicated to determine the functionality of classes. Let's take an example:
We have an Address-book and an user want to add a new contact to it.
In this scenario we have 2 classes:
User: that determine the user that logged in.
Contact: A contact object that consists of Name, Address, Phone Number, etc
And the questions:
Who have to save a new contact?User class or Contact Class
If we try to check the user's permission before doing anything where is the best place for it?
Is it OK that these classes have a access to database?(Is it better to create 3rd class for doing query stuffs?)
Thanks for any good idea ;)
Usable distribution of "responsibility" is an OOP design and architecture decision with no single simple correct answer. For discussion refer to Stack Overflow question What is the single most influential book every programmer should read?
You'll learn the pros/cons by coding (using someone's design or creating your own design which does not work well).
However there are some useful/frequent distributions of responsibility already known as http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_design_pattern
In my opinion the only fixed fact is that each class/function/structure should have its responsibility clearly defined/documented - since the very first lines of code - and "do one thing and do it well"
Contacts are user specific. Thus every user object (class instance) should contain its own contacts object which is a container of contact (other user) objects, comprising in turn of name, address, phone etc.
class User {
String name;
String phone;
String address;
Contacts contacts;
....
}
class Contacts {
List<User> items;
}
The Contacts class should have the implementation of saving a new contact, which needs to be called from a User method, something like the following.
User u;
Contacts c = u.getContacts();
c.addContact(name, address, phone);
User's permissions should be checked in the User class.
The methods of these classes should interface with the database. For this each class method can open a new connection to a database and execute SQL queries. Example method of User cass:
User getContact(String name) {
Connection conn = getConnection();
....
PreparedStatement ps = con.prepareStatement("select * from Contacts where name = ?");
...
return userRcd;
}
1) Save new contact must the separate class, which working directly with database
2) Best place to check user permission - in user class of course
3) See the item 1:)
I recommend you get strong knowledge about SOLID principles, it's basics for good design.

Managing relationships in Laravel, adhering to the repository pattern

While creating an app in Laravel 4 after reading T. Otwell's book on good design patterns in Laravel I found myself creating repositories for every table on the application.
I ended up with the following table structure:
Students: id, name
Courses: id, name, teacher_id
Teachers: id, name
Assignments: id, name, course_id
Scores (acts as a pivot between students and assignments): student_id, assignment_id, scores
I have repository classes with find, create, update and delete methods for all of these tables. Each repository has an Eloquent model which interacts with the database. Relationships are defined in the model per Laravel's documentation: http://laravel.com/docs/eloquent#relationships.
When creating a new course, all I do is calling the create method on the Course Repository. That course has assignments, so when creating one, I also want to create an entry in the score's table for each student in the course. I do this through the Assignment Repository. This implies the assignment repository communicates with two Eloquent models, with the Assignment and Student model.
My question is: as this app will probably grow in size and more relationships will be introduced, is it good practice to communicate with different Eloquent models in repositories or should this be done using other repositories instead (I mean calling other repositories from the Assignment repository) or should it be done in the Eloquent models all together?
Also, is it good practice to use the scores table as a pivot between assignments and students or should it be done somewhere else?
I am finishing up a large project using Laravel 4 and had to answer all of the questions you are asking right now. After reading all of the available Laravel books over at Leanpub, and tons of Googling, I came up with the following structure.
One Eloquent Model class per datable table
One Repository class per Eloquent Model
A Service class that may communicate between multiple Repository classes.
So let's say I'm building a movie database. I would have at least the following following Eloquent Model classes:
Movie
Studio
Director
Actor
Review
A repository class would encapsulate each Eloquent Model class and be responsible for CRUD operations on the database. The repository classes might look like this:
MovieRepository
StudioRepository
DirectorRepository
ActorRepository
ReviewRepository
Each repository class would extend a BaseRepository class which implements the following interface:
interface BaseRepositoryInterface
{
public function errors();
public function all(array $related = null);
public function get($id, array $related = null);
public function getWhere($column, $value, array $related = null);
public function getRecent($limit, array $related = null);
public function create(array $data);
public function update(array $data);
public function delete($id);
public function deleteWhere($column, $value);
}
A Service class is used to glue multiple repositories together and contains the real "business logic" of the application. Controllers only communicate with Service classes for Create, Update and Delete actions.
So when I want to create a new Movie record in the database, my MovieController class might have the following methods:
public function __construct(MovieRepositoryInterface $movieRepository, MovieServiceInterface $movieService)
{
$this->movieRepository = $movieRepository;
$this->movieService = $movieService;
}
public function postCreate()
{
if( ! $this->movieService->create(Input::all()))
{
return Redirect::back()->withErrors($this->movieService->errors())->withInput();
}
// New movie was saved successfully. Do whatever you need to do here.
}
It's up to you to determine how you POST data to your controllers, but let's say the data returned by Input::all() in the postCreate() method looks something like this:
$data = array(
'movie' => array(
'title' => 'Iron Eagle',
'year' => '1986',
'synopsis' => 'When Doug\'s father, an Air Force Pilot, is shot down by MiGs belonging to a radical Middle Eastern state, no one seems able to get him out. Doug finds Chappy, an Air Force Colonel who is intrigued by the idea of sending in two fighters piloted by himself and Doug to rescue Doug\'s father after bombing the MiG base.'
),
'actors' => array(
0 => 'Louis Gossett Jr.',
1 => 'Jason Gedrick',
2 => 'Larry B. Scott'
),
'director' => 'Sidney J. Furie',
'studio' => 'TriStar Pictures'
)
Since the MovieRepository shouldn't know how to create Actor, Director or Studio records in the database, we'll use our MovieService class, which might look something like this:
public function __construct(MovieRepositoryInterface $movieRepository, ActorRepositoryInterface $actorRepository, DirectorRepositoryInterface $directorRepository, StudioRepositoryInterface $studioRepository)
{
$this->movieRepository = $movieRepository;
$this->actorRepository = $actorRepository;
$this->directorRepository = $directorRepository;
$this->studioRepository = $studioRepository;
}
public function create(array $input)
{
$movieData = $input['movie'];
$actorsData = $input['actors'];
$directorData = $input['director'];
$studioData = $input['studio'];
// In a more complete example you would probably want to implement database transactions and perform input validation using the Laravel Validator class here.
// Create the new movie record
$movie = $this->movieRepository->create($movieData);
// Create the new actor records and associate them with the movie record
foreach($actors as $actor)
{
$actorModel = $this->actorRepository->create($actor);
$movie->actors()->save($actorModel);
}
// Create the director record and associate it with the movie record
$director = $this->directorRepository->create($directorData);
$director->movies()->associate($movie);
// Create the studio record and associate it with the movie record
$studio = $this->studioRepository->create($studioData);
$studio->movies()->associate($movie);
// Assume everything worked. In the real world you'll need to implement checks.
return true;
}
So what we're left with is a nice, sensible separation of concerns. Repositories are only aware of the Eloquent model they insert and retrieve from the database. Controllers don't care about repositories, they just hand off the data they collect from the user and pass it to the appropriate service. The service doesn't care how the data it receives is saved to the database, it just hands off the relevant data it was given by the controller to the appropriate repositories.
Keep in mind you're asking for opinions :D
Here's mine:
TL;DR: Yes, that's fine.
You're doing fine!
I do exactly what you are doing often and find it works great.
I often, however, organize repositories around business logic instead of having a repo-per-table. This is useful as it's a point of view centered around how your application should solve your "business problem".
A Course is a "entity", with attributes (title, id, etc) and even other entities (Assignments, which have their own attributes and possibly entities).
Your "Course" repository should be able to return a Course and the Courses' attributes/Assignments (including Assignment).
You can accomplish that with Eloquent, luckily.
(I often end up with a repository per table, but some repositories are used much more than others, and so have many more methods. Your "courses" repository may be much more full-featured than your Assignments repository, for instance, if your application centers more around Courses and less about a Courses' collection of Assignments).
The tricky part
I often use repositories inside of my repositories in order to do some database actions.
Any repository which implements Eloquent in order to handle data will likely return Eloquent models. In that light, it's fine if your Course model uses built-in relationships in order to retrieve or save Assignments (or any other use case). Our "implementation" is built around Eloquent.
From a practical point of view, this makes sense. We're unlikely to change data sources to something Eloquent can't handle (to a non-sql data source).
ORMS
The trickiest part of this setup, for me at least, is determing if Eloquent is actually helping or harming us. ORMs are a tricky subject, because while they help us greatly from a practical point of view, they also couple your "business logic entities" code with the code doing the data retrieval.
This sort of muddles up whether your repository's responsibility is actually for handling data or handling the retrieval / update of entities (business domain entities).
Furthermore, they act as the very objects you pass to your views. If you later have to get away from using Eloquent models in a repository, you'll need to make sure the variables passed to your views behave in the same way or have the same methods available, otherwise changing your data sources will roll into changing your views, and you've (partially) lost the purpose of abstracting your logic out to repositories in the first place - the maintainability of your project goes down as.
Anyway, these are somewhat incomplete thoughts. They are, as stated, merely my opinion, which happens to be the result of reading Domain Driven Design and watching videos like "uncle bob's" keynote at Ruby Midwest within the last year.
I like to think of it in terms of what my code is doing and what it is responsible for, rather than "right or wrong". This is how I break apart my responsibilities:
Controllers are the HTTP layer and route requests through to the underlying apis (aka, it controls the flow)
Models represent the database schema, and tell the application what the data looks like, what relationships it may have, as well as any global attributes that may be necessary (such as a name method for returning a concatenated first and last name)
Repositories represent the more complex queries and interactions with the models (I don't do any queries on model methods).
Search engines - classes that help me build complex search queries.
With this in mind, it makes sense every time to use a repository (whether you create interfaces.etc. is a whole other topic). I like this approach, because it means I know exactly where to go when I'm needing to do certain work.
I also tend to build a base repository, usually an abstract class which defines the main defaults - basically CRUD operations, and then each child can just extend and add methods as necessary, or overload the defaults. Injecting your model also helps this pattern to be quite robust.
Think of Repositories as a consistent filing cabinet of your data (not just your ORMs). The idea is that you want to grab data in a consistent simple to use API.
If you find yourself just doing Model::all(), Model::find(), Model::create() you probably won't benefit much from abstracting away a repository. On the other hand, if you want to do a bit more business logic to your queries or actions, you may want to create a repository to make an easier to use API for dealing with data.
I think you were asking if a repository would be the best way to deal with some of the more verbose syntax required to connect related models. Depending on the situation, there are a few things I may do:
Hanging a new child model off of a parent model (one-one or one-many), I would add a method to the child repository something like createWithParent($attributes, $parentModelInstance) and this would just add the $parentModelInstance->id into the parent_id field of the attributes and call create.
Attaching a many-many relationship, I actually create functions on the models so that I can run $instance->attachChild($childInstance). Note that this requires existing elements on both side.
Creating related models in one run, I create something that I call a Gateway (it may be a bit off from Fowler's definitions). Way I can call $gateway->createParentAndChild($parentAttributes, $childAttributes) instead of a bunch of logic that may change or that would complicate the logic that I have in a controller or command.

ASP.NET MVC FluentValidation with ViewModels and Business Logic Validation

I'm exploring using FluentValidation as it seems to be an elegant API for validation of my ViewModels upon model binding. I'm looking for opinions on how to properly centralize validation using this library as well as from my business (service) layer and raise it up to the view without having 2 different approaches to adding modelstate errors.
I'm open to using an entirely different API but essentially looking to solve this branching validation strategy.
[Side Note: One thing I tried was to move my business method into my FluentValidation's custom RsvpViewModelValidator class and using the .Must method but it seemed wrong to hide that call in there because if I needed to actually use my Customer object they I would have to re-query it again since its out of scope]
Sample Code:
[HttpPost]
public ActionResult AcceptInvitation(RsvpViewModel model)
{
//FluentValidation has happened on my RsvpViewModel already to check that
//RsvpCode is not null or whitespace
if(ModelState.IsValid)
{
//now I want to see if that code matches a customer in my database.
//returns null if not, Customer object if existing
customer = _customerService.GetByRsvpCode(model.RsvpCode);
if(customer == null)
{
//is there a better approach to this? I don't like that I'm
//splitting up the validation but struggling up to come up with a
//better way.
ModelState.AddModelError("RsvpCode",
string.Format("No customer was found for rsvp code {0}",
model.RsvpCode);
return View(model);
}
return this.RedirectToAction(c => c.CustomerDetail());
}
//FluentValidation failed so should just display message about RsvpCode
//being required
return View(model);
}
[HttpGet]
public ActionResult CustomerDetail()
{
//do work. implementation not important for this question.
}
To give some closure to the question (and make it acceptable) as well as summarize the comments:
Business/process logic and validation logic are two entities. Unless the validation ties in to the database (e.g. check for unique entries) there's no reason to group validation into one location. Some are responsible in the model making sure there's nothing invalid about the information, and some handle how the validated values are used within the system. Think of it in terms of property getters/setters vs the logic used in the methods with those properties.
That being said, separating out the processes (checks, error handling, etc.--anything not relating to UI) can be done in a service layer which also tends to keep the application DRY. Then the action(s) is/are only responsible for calling and presenting and not performing the actual unit of work. (also, if various actions in your application use similar logic, the checks are all in one location instead of throw together between actions. (did I remember to check that there's an entry in the customer table?))
Also, by breaking it down in to layers, you're keeping concerns modular and testable. (Accepting an RSVP isn't dependent on an action in the UI, but now it's a method in the service, which could be called by this UI or maybe a mobile application as well).
As far as bubbling errors up, I usually have a base exception that transverses each layer then I can extend it depending on purpose. You could just as easily use Enums, Booleans, out parameters, or simply a Boolean (the Rsvp either was or wasn't accepted). It just depends on how finite a response the user needs to correct the problem, or maybe change the work-flow so the error isn't a problem or something that the user need correct.
You can have the whole validation logic in fluent validation:
public class RsvpViewValidator : AbstractValidator<RsvpViewModel>
{
private readonly ICustomerService _customerService = new CustomerService();
public RsvpViewValidator()
{
RuleFor(x => x.RsvpCode)
.NotEmpty()
.Must(BeAssociatedWithCustomer)
.WithMessage("No customer was found for rsvp code {0}", x => x.RsvpCode)
}
private bool BeAssociatedWithCustomer(string rsvpCode)
{
var customer = _customerService.GetByRsvpCode(rsvpCode);
return (customer == null) ? false : true;
}
}

OOP web application class design

I'm trying to build a web application using OOP.
In my application i have Courses and Subscribers.
Each Course can have multiple Subscribers (1-N relation).
Now i need to perform some operations on Courses (check some expire dates and perform actions on it's subcribers, send some emails to admins) and, after performing them, perform other operations on each Subscriber (send emails).
I created a Course class and a Subscriber class.
Course class contain course data like title, dates, current status and a group of Subscriber objects (those who partecipate to it).
Subscriber class contains name, last name, subscription status etc.
I have a problem.
My Course class need to be aware of it's Subscribers.
My Subscriber class need to be aware of the Course it belongs to (to exctract data like title, dates...) and aware of how much subscribers are and their status.
How can i redesign my class structure to solve this?
I was thinking about using some kind of observer pattern...
PS. i'm using PHP
No need for a special design pattern, this is a normal bidirectional association. I get from your description that any subscriber only subscribes to one course, otherwise there should be two classes Student and CourseSubscription instead.
How to simply construct the association in PHP:
class Course
{
/**
* #var Subscriber[]
*/
protected $subscribers = array();
public function addSubscriber(Subscriber $subscriber)
{
$this->subscribers[] = $subscriber;
}
}
class Subscriber
{
/**
* #var Course
*/
protected $course;
public function __construct(Course $course, $name, ...)
{
$this->course = $course;
$course->addSubscriber($this);
$this->name = $name;
...
}
}
A subscriber object can only exist with a course, so you pass the course as parameter to the constructor. There the newly created subscriber registers itself for the course.
it sounds like an observer pattern till the point you said
and aware of how much subscribers are and their status.
You need a version of Observer Pattern which expose limited information of its observers.
This point is something like for each subscriber of a course , you need to get all of the subscribers from the course object so you can create a method in Course object which will give you the limited information for each subscriber of the course.