Thanks for reviewing the problem. There is an object c file called try.m, and I complie it to an object file try.o with the command:
gcc -c try.m -o try.o -framework Foundation
the try.h is
int print_word( void );
The try.m is:
#include "try.h"
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
int print_word( void )
{
NSLog (#"say hello");
return 0;
}
Additionly, there is a main.c file, which contain the main() function, and it looks:
#include <stdio.h>
#include "try.h"
int main()
{
printf( "This is main\n");
}
I compile main.c to main.o by the following command:
gcc -o main.o -c main.c
Then, I link the main.o and try.o to form the executable file main:
gcc -o main main.o try.o
After these steps, the following errors happened:
enter image description here
The errors are:
Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
"_NSLog", referenced from:
_print_word in try.o
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
How could these errors be solved?
You need to link against the Foundation framework. You can do it all in a single command: gcc main.c try.m -framework Foundation.
Related
I wonder how CMake automatically detects that main.cpp depends on header.h
// header.h
int f() {
return 0;
}
// main.cpp
#include "header.h"
int main() {
return f();
}
# CMakeLists.txt
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.16)
project(Cppref)
add_executable(main main.cpp)
When I run cmake . -B build it creates the following make target in ./build/CMakeFiles/main.dir/build.make
CMakeFiles/main.dir/main.cpp.o: CMakeFiles/main.dir/compiler_depend.ts
#$(CMAKE_COMMAND) -E cmake_echo_color --switch=$(COLOR) --green --progress-dir=/home/nikolay/Cpp/Train/Cppref/build/CMakeFiles --progress-num=$(CMAKE_PROGRESS_1) "Building CXX object CMakeFiles/main.dir/main.cpp.o"
/usr/bin/c++ $(CXX_DEFINES) $(CXX_INCLUDES) $(CXX_FLAGS) -MD -MT CMakeFiles/main.dir/main.cpp.o -MF CMakeFiles/main.dir/main.cpp.o.d -o CMakeFiles/main.dir/main.cpp.o -c /home/nikolay/Cpp/Train/Cppref/main.cpp
Pay attention to the -MD compiler option, as
it is used to dump dependencies visible to the preprocessor.
So after the first build it will create ./build/CMakeFiles/main.dir/main.cpp.o.d with the following content
CMakeFiles/main.dir/main.cpp.o: /home/nikolay/Cpp/Train/Cppref/main.cpp \
/home/nikolay/Cpp/Train/Cppref/header.h
So whenever you change header.h, the target main.o will be rebuilt.
I'm trying to call some objective-c code from within ocaml.
stubs.m
#include <Cocoa/Cocoa.h>
#define CAML_NAME_SPACE
#include <caml/mlvalues.h>
#include <caml/memory.h>
#include <caml/callback.h>
#include <caml/alloc.h>
#include <caml/fail.h>
CAMLprim value ml_NSLog (value str)
{
CAMLparam1 (str);
NSLog (#"%s", String_val (str));
CAMLreturn (Val_unit);
}
It gets compiled with the following command to stubs.o:
cc -Wextra -Wall -Werror -O -g -std=c99 -pedantic-errors -Wsign-compare -Wshadow -I /Users/Iwan/.opam/4.02.3/lib/ocaml -c -o stubs.o stubs.m
My ocaml code in index.ml is:
external _NSLog: string -> unit = "ml_NSLog"
let log s = _NSLog s
let () = log "hello"
When I execute ocamlopt -o app index.ml stubs.o I get:
Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
"_NSLog", referenced from:
_ml_NSLog in stubs.o
(maybe you meant: _ml_NSLog)
"___CFConstantStringClassReference", referenced from:
CFString in stubs.o
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
File "caml_startup", line 1:
Error: Error during linking
Why do I get the error in this case?
The solution was brutally simple:
ocamlopt -cclib "-framework Cocoa" -o app index.ml stubs.o
I had to pas "-framework Cocoa" as option to the c linker...
I am trying to build trilinos in fedora25 guest (virtualbox). Followed procedure described here:
http://iltabiai.github.io/peridynamics/fedora/tips/2016/04/20/Peridigm141-Fedora23.html
I had to adapt the build script from above link so that it could find Netcdf and HDF5 on my system.
trilinos builds with these errors in CMakeError.log :
Performing C++ SOURCE FILE Test FINITE_VALUE_HAVE_GLOBAL_ISNAN failed with the following output:
Change Dir: /home/peri/packages/trilinos-12.10.1-Source/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp
Run Build Command:"/usr/bin/gmake" "cmTC_44df3/fast"
/usr/bin/gmake -f CMakeFiles/cmTC_44df3.dir/build.make CMakeFiles/cmTC_44df3.dir/build
gmake[1]: Entering directory '/home/peri/packages/trilinos-12.10.1-Source/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp'
Building CXX object CMakeFiles/cmTC_44df3.dir/src.cxx.o
/usr/lib64/mpich/bin/mpicxx -O2 -ansi -pedantic -ftrapv -Wall -Wno-long-long -std=c++11 -DFINITE_VALUE_HAVE_GLOBAL_ISNAN -o CMakeFiles/cmTC_44df3.dir/src.cxx.o -c /home/peri/packages/trilinos-12.10.1-Source/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp/src.cxx
/home/peri/packages/trilinos-12.10.1-Source/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp/src.cxx: In function ‘int main()’:
/home/peri/packages/trilinos-12.10.1-Source/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp/src.cxx:6:10: error: ‘isnan’ was not declared in this scope
isnan(x);
^
/home/peri/packages/trilinos-12.10.1-Source/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp/src.cxx:6:10: note: suggested alternative:
In file included from /home/peri/packages/trilinos-12.10.1-Source/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp/src.cxx:2:0:
/usr/include/c++/6.3.1/cmath:662:5: note: ‘std::isnan’
isnan(_Tp __x)
^~~~~
CMakeFiles/cmTC_44df3.dir/build.make:65: recipe for target 'CMakeFiles/cmTC_44df3.dir/src.cxx.o' failed
gmake[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/cmTC_44df3.dir/src.cxx.o] Error 1
gmake[1]: Leaving directory '/home/peri/packages/trilinos-12.10.1-Source/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp'
Makefile:126: recipe for target 'cmTC_44df3/fast' failed
gmake: *** [cmTC_44df3/fast] Error 2
Source file was:
#include <cmath>
int main()
{
double x = 1.0;
isnan(x);
return 0;
}
Performing C++ SOURCE FILE Test FINITE_VALUE_HAVE_GLOBAL_ISINF failed with the following output:
Change Dir: /home/peri/packages/trilinos-12.10.1-Source/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp
Run Build Command:"/usr/bin/gmake" "cmTC_4cb6e/fast"
/usr/bin/gmake -f CMakeFiles/cmTC_4cb6e.dir/build.make CMakeFiles/cmTC_4cb6e.dir/build
gmake[1]: Entering directory '/home/peri/packages/trilinos-12.10.1-Source/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp'
Building CXX object CMakeFiles/cmTC_4cb6e.dir/src.cxx.o
/usr/lib64/mpich/bin/mpicxx -O2 -ansi -pedantic -ftrapv -Wall -Wno-long-long -std=c++11 -DFINITE_VALUE_HAVE_GLOBAL_ISINF -o CMakeFiles/cmTC_4cb6e.dir/src.cxx.o -c /home/peri/packages/trilinos-12.10.1-Source/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp/src.cxx
/home/peri/packages/trilinos-12.10.1-Source/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp/src.cxx: In function ‘int main()’:
/home/peri/packages/trilinos-12.10.1-Source/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp/src.cxx:6:10: error: ‘isinf’ was not declared in this scope
isinf(x);
^
/home/peri/packages/trilinos-12.10.1-Source/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp/src.cxx:6:10: note: suggested alternative:
In file included from /home/peri/packages/trilinos-12.10.1-Source/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp/src.cxx:2:0:
/usr/include/c++/6.3.1/cmath:635:5: note: ‘std::isinf’
isinf(_Tp __x)
^~~~~
CMakeFiles/cmTC_4cb6e.dir/build.make:65: recipe for target 'CMakeFiles/cmTC_4cb6e.dir/src.cxx.o' failed
gmake[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/cmTC_4cb6e.dir/src.cxx.o] Error 1
gmake[1]: Leaving directory '/home/peri/packages/trilinos-12.10.1-Source/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp'
Makefile:126: recipe for target 'cmTC_4cb6e/fast' failed
gmake: *** [cmTC_4cb6e/fast] Error 2
Source file was:
#include <cmath>
int main()
{
double x = 1.0;
isinf(x);
return 0;
}
Determining if the pthread_create exist failed with the following output:
Change Dir: /home/peri/packages/trilinos-12.10.1-Source/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp
Run Build Command:"/usr/bin/gmake" "cmTC_78ecb/fast"
/usr/bin/gmake -f CMakeFiles/cmTC_78ecb.dir/build.make CMakeFiles/cmTC_78ecb.dir/build
gmake[1]: Entering directory '/home/peri/packages/trilinos-12.10.1-Source/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp'
Building C object CMakeFiles/cmTC_78ecb.dir/CheckSymbolExists.c.o
/usr/lib64/mpich/bin/mpicc -o CMakeFiles/cmTC_78ecb.dir/CheckSymbolExists.c.o -c /home/peri/packages/trilinos-12.10.1-Source/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp/CheckSymbolExists.c
Linking C executable cmTC_78ecb
/usr/bin/cmake -E cmake_link_script CMakeFiles/cmTC_78ecb.dir/link.txt --verbose=1
/usr/lib64/mpich/bin/mpicc -rdynamic CMakeFiles/cmTC_78ecb.dir/CheckSymbolExists.c.o -o cmTC_78ecb
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/cmTC_78ecb.dir/CheckSymbolExists.c.o: undefined reference to symbol 'pthread_create##GLIBC_2.2.5'
/usr/lib64/libpthread.so.0: error adding symbols: DSO missing from command line
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
CMakeFiles/cmTC_78ecb.dir/build.make:97: recipe for target 'cmTC_78ecb' failed
gmake[1]: *** [cmTC_78ecb] Error 1
gmake[1]: Leaving directory '/home/peri/packages/trilinos-12.10.1-Source/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp'
Makefile:126: recipe for target 'cmTC_78ecb/fast' failed
gmake: *** [cmTC_78ecb/fast] Error 2
File /home/peri/packages/trilinos-12.10.1-Source/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp/CheckSymbolExists.c:
/* */
#include <pthread.h>
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
(void)argv;
#ifndef pthread_create
return ((int*)(&pthread_create))[argc];
#else
(void)argc;
return 0;
#endif
}
Determining if the function pthread_create exists in the pthreads failed with the following output:
Change Dir: /home/peri/packages/trilinos-12.10.1-Source/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp
Run Build Command:"/usr/bin/gmake" "cmTC_5fb6c/fast"
/usr/bin/gmake -f CMakeFiles/cmTC_5fb6c.dir/build.make CMakeFiles/cmTC_5fb6c.dir/build
gmake[1]: Entering directory '/home/peri/packages/trilinos-12.10.1-Source/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp'
Building C object CMakeFiles/cmTC_5fb6c.dir/CheckFunctionExists.c.o
/usr/lib64/mpich/bin/mpicc -DCHECK_FUNCTION_EXISTS=pthread_create -o CMakeFiles/cmTC_5fb6c.dir/CheckFunctionExists.c.o -c /usr/share/cmake/Modules/CheckFunctionExists.c
Linking C executable cmTC_5fb6c
/usr/bin/cmake -E cmake_link_script CMakeFiles/cmTC_5fb6c.dir/link.txt --verbose=1
/usr/lib64/mpich/bin/mpicc -DCHECK_FUNCTION_EXISTS=pthread_create -rdynamic CMakeFiles/cmTC_5fb6c.dir/CheckFunctionExists.c.o -o cmTC_5fb6c -lpthreads
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lpthreads
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
CMakeFiles/cmTC_5fb6c.dir/build.make:97: recipe for target 'cmTC_5fb6c' failed
gmake[1]: *** [cmTC_5fb6c] Error 1
gmake[1]: Leaving directory '/home/peri/packages/trilinos-12.10.1-Source/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp'
Makefile:126: recipe for target 'cmTC_5fb6c/fast' failed
gmake: *** [cmTC_5fb6c/fast] Error 2
Performing C++ SOURCE FILE Test HAVE_TEUCHOS_LAPACKLARND failed with the following output:
Change Dir: /home/peri/packages/trilinos-12.10.1-Source/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp
Run Build Command:"/usr/bin/gmake" "cmTC_93b6d/fast"
/usr/bin/gmake -f CMakeFiles/cmTC_93b6d.dir/build.make CMakeFiles/cmTC_93b6d.dir/build
gmake[1]: Entering directory '/home/peri/packages/trilinos-12.10.1-Source/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp'
Building CXX object CMakeFiles/cmTC_93b6d.dir/src.cxx.o
/usr/lib64/mpich/bin/mpicxx -O2 -ansi -pedantic -ftrapv -Wall -Wno-long-long -std=c++11 -DHAVE_TEUCHOS_LAPACKLARND -o CMakeFiles/cmTC_93b6d.dir/src.cxx.o -c /home/peri/packages/trilinos-12.10.1-Source/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp/src.cxx
/home/peri/packages/trilinos-12.10.1-Source/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp/src.cxx: In function ‘int main()’:
/home/peri/packages/trilinos-12.10.1-Source/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp/src.cxx:12:38: error: narrowing conversion of ‘0.0’ from ‘double’ to ‘int’ inside { } [-Wnarrowing]
int seed[4] = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 };
^
/home/peri/packages/trilinos-12.10.1-Source/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp/src.cxx:12:38: error: narrowing conversion of ‘0.0’ from ‘double’ to ‘int’ inside { } [-Wnarrowing]
/home/peri/packages/trilinos-12.10.1-Source/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp/src.cxx:12:38: error: narrowing conversion of ‘0.0’ from ‘double’ to ‘int’ inside { } [-Wnarrowing]
/home/peri/packages/trilinos-12.10.1-Source/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp/src.cxx:12:38: error: narrowing conversion of ‘1.0e+0’ from ‘double’ to ‘int’ inside { } [-Wnarrowing]
CMakeFiles/cmTC_93b6d.dir/build.make:65: recipe for target 'CMakeFiles/cmTC_93b6d.dir/src.cxx.o' failed
gmake[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/cmTC_93b6d.dir/src.cxx.o] Error 1
gmake[1]: Leaving directory '/home/peri/packages/trilinos-12.10.1-Source/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp'
Makefile:126: recipe for target 'cmTC_93b6d/fast' failed
gmake: *** [cmTC_93b6d/fast] Error 2
Return value: 1
Source file was:
#define F77_BLAS_MANGLE(name,NAME) name ## _
#define DLARND_F77 F77_BLAS_MANGLE(dlarnd,DLARND)
extern "C" { double DLARND_F77(const int* idist, int* seed); }
int main()
{
const int idist = 1;
int seed[4] = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 };
double val = DLARND_F77(&idist, seed);
return (val < 0.0 ? 1 : 0);
}
Performing C++ SOURCE FILE Test HAVE_CXX_PRAGMA_WEAK failed with the following output:
Change Dir: /home/peri/packages/trilinos-12.10.1-Source/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp
Run Build Command:"/usr/bin/gmake" "cmTC_21bab/fast"
/usr/bin/gmake -f CMakeFiles/cmTC_21bab.dir/build.make CMakeFiles/cmTC_21bab.dir/build
gmake[1]: Entering directory '/home/peri/packages/trilinos-12.10.1-Source/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp'
Building CXX object CMakeFiles/cmTC_21bab.dir/src.cxx.o
/usr/lib64/mpich/bin/mpicxx -O2 -ansi -pedantic -ftrapv -Wall -Wno-long-long -std=c++11 -DHAVE_CXX_PRAGMA_WEAK -o CMakeFiles/cmTC_21bab.dir/src.cxx.o -c /home/peri/packages/trilinos-12.10.1-Source/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp/src.cxx
/home/peri/packages/trilinos-12.10.1-Source/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp/src.cxx: In function ‘int main()’:
/home/peri/packages/trilinos-12.10.1-Source/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp/src.cxx:14:22: warning: the address of ‘void A::theFunction()’ will never be NULL [-Waddress]
if (A::theFunction != NULL) {
^
Linking CXX executable cmTC_21bab
/usr/bin/cmake -E cmake_link_script CMakeFiles/cmTC_21bab.dir/link.txt --verbose=1
/usr/lib64/mpich/bin/mpicxx -O2 -ansi -pedantic -ftrapv -Wall -Wno-long-long -std=c++11 -DHAVE_CXX_PRAGMA_WEAK -rdynamic CMakeFiles/cmTC_21bab.dir/src.cxx.o -o cmTC_21bab
CMakeFiles/cmTC_21bab.dir/src.cxx.o: In function `main':
src.cxx:(.text.startup+0x25): undefined reference to `A::theFunction()'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
CMakeFiles/cmTC_21bab.dir/build.make:97: recipe for target 'cmTC_21bab' failed
gmake[1]: *** [cmTC_21bab] Error 1
gmake[1]: Leaving directory '/home/peri/packages/trilinos-12.10.1-Source/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp'
Makefile:126: recipe for target 'cmTC_21bab/fast' failed
gmake: *** [cmTC_21bab/fast] Error 2
Source file was:
#include <iostream>
namespace A {
// theFunction never gets defined, because we
// don't link with a library that defines it.
// That's OK, because it's weak linkage.
#pragma weak theFunction
extern void theFunction ();
}
int main() {
std::cout << "Hi! I am main." << std::endl;
if (A::theFunction != NULL) {
// Should never be called, since we don't link
// with a library that defines A::theFunction.
A::theFunction ();
}
return 0;
}
how can these errors be eliminated?
I'm using cmake with custom GCC(with shared libraries) and during cmake compiler test I get following error:
The C compiler "/path/to/gcc/bin/gcc" is not able to compile a simple test program.
...
/path/to/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/bin/ld:
cannot find -lgcc_s
Here's a simple "testme.cpp" file:
#include <iostream>
int main( int argc, char * argv[] ) {
std::cout << "Hello world" << std::endl;
return 0;
}
and here's a CMakeLists.txt:
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.6.2)
project(testme)
file( GLOB srcs "testme.cpp" )
set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -g -O0 -Wall -std=c++11")
set(CMAKE_LDFLAGS "${CMAKE_LDFLAGS} -L/path/to/gcc/lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib64")
add_executable(testme ${srcs})
to build with my custom GCC I'm exporting CXX and CC:
export CXX=/path/to/gcc/bin/g++
export CC=/path/to/gcc/bin/gcc
and then hit:
cmake .
make
and the result is that it can't find libgcc_s.so which is located in the "lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib64" folder.
However, when I invoke gcc like this:
/path/to/gcc/bin/g++ testme.cpp -L/path/to/gcc/lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib64
it compiles successfully. I've tried to add it to LD_LIBRARY_PATH but that doesn't seem to help.
So, is there a way to pass library path to CMake compiler check?
Chrono Kitsune was sort of right ... /path/to/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/bin/ld was build with "--enable-shared" and libraries where not in systems search path.
I'm trying to build a basic FTP client using libftp. I've compiled and archived it as libftp.a and placed it in /usr/local/lib. All the necessary headers I've placed in /usr/local/include/ftp.
Under Build Settings, I've set "Header Search Paths" to /usr/local/include, and I've set "Library Search Paths" to /usr/local/lib. For "Other Linker Flags", I've added -lftp.
Here is the shell of my C++ class:
Connector.h:
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <ftp/ftp.h>
#include <stdio.h>
class Connector{
private:
FtpConnection *connection;
public:
Connector();
~Connector();
bool connect(const char *hostname, const char *port);
};
Connector.cc:
#include "Connector.h"
Connector::Connector(){
}
Connector::~Connector(){
}
bool Connector::connect(const char *hostname, const char *port){
ftpGetAddresses(hostname, port);
printf("Connected!\n");
return true;
}
Upon compiling, this is the error I get:
Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64: "ftpGetAddresses(char
const*, char const*)", referenced from:
Connector::connect(char const*, char const*) in Connector.o ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64 clang: error: linker
command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
It's probably worth noting that this is part of a Cocoa project, so the Connector class is #included in my AppDelegate, which is of course an Obj-C class. All of my Obj-C source files have the .mm extension.
I am certain that the lib is in working order, as I have no issue compiling a program on the command line with gcc ... -lftp. It's only a problem with Xcode.
Well, it appears I just talked myself through my own problem. As I was typing the last part of my question, I realized that the issue was linking a C library in a C++ source file. gcc would compile just fine on command line, but g++ gave me the same error as Xcode. One google search later I found this link, which solved my problem beautifully. Basically, if you want a C library to be compatible with C++, you need to add
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
at the top of the library header file, and add
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
at the bottom of the file. I'll leave the question here hoping it will help someone else in the future.