using where clause with Union - sql

I have two tables, t1 and t2, with identical columns(id, desc) and data. But one of the columns, desc, might have different data for the same primary key, id.
I want to select all those rows from these two tables such that t1.desc != t2.desc
select a.id, b.desc
FROM (SELECT * FROM t1 AS a
UNION ALL
SELECT * FROM t2 AS b)
WHERE a.desc != b.desc
For example, if t1 has (1,'aaa') and (2,'bbb') and t2 has(1,'aaa') and (2,'bbb1') then the new table should have (2,'bbb') and (2,'bbb1')
However, this does not seem to work. Please let me know where I am going wrong and what is the right way to do it right.

Union is not going to compare the data.You need Join here
SELECT *
FROM t1 AS a
inner join t2 AS b
on a.id =b.id
and a.desc != b.desc

UNION ALL dumps all rows of the second part of the query after the rows produced by the first part of the query. You cannot compare a's fields to b's, because they belong to different rows.
What you are probably trying to do is locating records of t1 with ids matching these of t2, but different description. This can be achieved by a JOIN:
SELECT a.id, b.desc
FROM t1 AS a
JOIN t2 AS b ON a.id = b.id
WHERE a.desc != b.desc
This way records of t1 with IDs matching records of t2 would end up on the same row of joined data, allowing you to do the comparison of descriptions for inequality.
I want both the rows to be selected is the descriptions are not equal
You can use UNION ALL between two sets of rows obtained through join, with tables switching places, like this:
SELECT a.id, b.desc -- t1 is a, t2 is b
FROM t1 AS a
JOIN t2 AS b ON a.id = b.id
WHERE a.desc != b.desc
UNION ALL
SELECT a.id, b.desc -- t1 is b, t2 is a
FROM t2 AS a
JOIN t1 AS b ON a.id = b.id
WHERE a.desc != b.desc

The UNION operator is used to combine the result-set of two or more SELECT statements.
Notice that each SELECT statement within the UNION must have the same number of columns. The columns must also have similar data types.
So, if it has same number of columns and same datatype, then use Union otherwise join only Can be used.
SELECT *
FROM t1 AS a
inner join t2 AS b
on a.id =b.id
and a.desc != b.desc

Related

Trouble with left outer join and multiple conditions

I want to left outer join and display all id records that appear in table1 even if they don't exist in the table2. Table1 can have multiple id records for a year so I need to select distinct.
Here is the selection of ID's i need from table1
select distinct a.id
from table1 a
where a.year = 2022
and a.type = 'R'
This will display 650 records
So here is my attempt to join with another table. I want to still see the all the results of the first query on table1 even if there is no record found in table 2. So the desired result should be 650 records in total.
select distinct a.id, b.value
from table1 a left join table2 b on
a.id = b.id
where b.month = 'JAN'
and a.year = 2022
and a.type = 'R';
My result gives me 550 records. So I am still missing 100 records which do not exist in table2 that need to be included in the query.
If I change the WHERE to an AND in the ON condition, I will get all YEARS displayed and all TYPES. Resulting in a massive amount of records.
select distinct a.id, b.value
from table1 a left join table2 b on
a.id = b.id
and b.month = 'JAN'
and a.year = 2022
and a.type = 'R';
What am I missing? I though left joins will display all records in one table even if they don't exist in another. I don't really understand how to do this will multiple conditions.
What am I missing? I though left joins will display all records in one table even if they don't exist in another. I don't really understand how to do this will multiple conditions.
A LEFT OUTER JOIN condition will display all records from the table on the left of the join and any matching ones on the right of the join or NULL values otherwise.
The conditions in the WHERE clause will only display records that are true.
You are putting the b.month = 'JAN' condition into the WHERE clause (and not into the JOIN condition) so it will look for only those rows where the WHERE clause it true and then it will not match any rows where b.month is NULL and you have effectively turned the join condition to an INNER JOIN and not a LEFT OUTER JOIN.
You have several choices:
Perform the filtering in the WHERE clause but do it in a sub-query before joining the tables:
SELECT a.id, b.value
FROM (
select distinct
id
from table1
where year = 2022
and type = 'R'
) a
LEFT OUTER JOIN (
select id, value
from table2
where month = 'JAN'
) b
ON (a.id = b.id)
Put the b.month = 'JAN' filter into the JOIN condiiton:
SELECT DISTINCT
a.id, b.value
FROM table1 a
LEFT OUTER JOIN table2 b
ON (a.id = b.id AND b.month = 'JAN')
WHERE year = 2022
AND type = 'R';
How about
select distinct a.id, b.value
from table1 a left join table2 b on a.id = b.id and b.month = 'JAN'
where a.year = 2022
and a.type = 'R';

MS Access 2007 Inner Join on Same Table

I have a table t1. It has columns [id] and [id2].
Select count(*) from t1 where id=1;
returns 31,189 records
Select count(*) from t1 where id=2;
returns 31,173 records
I want to know the records where id2 is in id=1 but not in id=2.
So, I use the following:
Select * from t1 a left join t1 b on a.id2=b.id2
Where a.id=2 And b.id=1
And b.id2 Is Null;
It returns zero records.
Using an inner join to see how many records have id2 in common, I do...
Select * from t1 a inner join t1 b on a.id2=b.id2
Where a.id=2 And b.id=1;
And that returns 31,060. So where are the extra records in my first query that don't match?
I am sure I must be missing something obvious.
Sample Data
id id2
1 101
1 102
1 103
2 101
2 102
My expected results is to find the record with '103' in it. 'id2' not shared.
Thanks for any help.
Jeff
You are attempting to do what is generally called an exclude join. This involves doing a LEFT JOIN between two tables, then using a WHERE clause to only select rows where the right table is null, i.e. there was no record to join. In this way, you select everything from the left table except what exists in the right table.
With this data, it would look something like this:
SELECT
t1.id,
t1.id2
FROM test_table t1
LEFT JOIN
(SELECT
id,
id2
FROM test_table
WHERE id = 2) t2
ON t2.id2 = t1.id2
WHERE t1.id = 1
AND t2.id IS NULL --This is what makes the exclude join happen
And here is a SQLFiddle demonstrating this in MySQL 5.7 with the sample data you provided.
I think maybe Access changes the left join to an inner join when you add a where clause to filter rows (I know SQL Server does this), but if you do the filtering in derived tables it should work:
select
a.*
from
(select * from t1 where id = 1) a
left join
(select * from t1 where id = 2) b
on a.id2 = b.id2
where b.id2 is null

Select if else sql

I have two table say T1 and T2 and one column C is common to both. I need an SQL query in which if C is null in T1 it will select from other table.
I tried writing SELECT statement in THEN clause but not running. Don't know is there any IF ELSE clause in SQL.
Select C, case when c = null Then Select c from T2
from T1
Even better, most RDBMSs support COALESCE, which lets you check multiple values and return the first non-null value.
SELECT COALESCE(T1.C, T2.C) AS C
FROM T1
LEFT OUTER JOIN T2 ON T1.[Primary Key] = T2.[Primary Key]
Is this in TransactSQL?
I like the first answer, however you could also do it this way...
select case t1.C
when null then t2.C
else t1.C
end as [testC]
from t1
inner join t2
on t1.PKID = t2.PKID
What you seem to need is a union
select c from t1
where c is not null
union
select c from t2
where c is not null
Now you get all the columns C from T1and T2 in one result set but only if not null.
Well of course if this has simplified your problem too much you need to work with a join
select coalesce(t1.c,t2.c) as c
from t1
left join t2 on (t2.id = t1.foreign_id)
This assumed that T2.ID is the primary key and related to T1 with T1.FOREIGN_ID
It is important that you do a left join because otherwise you only get T1 rows when the row also exists in T2.

Join selections

How I can join this queries to single select (without temp table)?
SELECT t2.value,
t1.value
FROM table0 t1
INNER JOIN table1 t3 on t1.idrelation = t3.id and t3.idparent=#id
INNER JOIN table2 t2 on t2.idversion = t3.idchild and t2.name = 'FOO'
ORDER BY t1.value
SELECT SELECT COALESCE(t4._NAME+','+'')
FROM table1 t1
JOIN table1 t2 on t2.idparent = t1.idchild
JOIN table1 t3 on t3.idparent = t2.idchild
JOIN table3 t4 on t4._ID = t3.idchild
WHERE t1.idparent = #id
AND t4._TYPE ='TXT_CAT'
Something like this would help (once you can tell the columns on which you want to join):
select *
from
(
QUERY 1
) q1
join
(
QUERY 2
) q2
on q1.key1 = q2.key2
If you want to join them, there has to be common or uncommon ground.
Putting the 2 selects together is the easy part when you join the resultant sets, but unless you want all permutations of Ans1 and Ans2, then it is wise to determine some sort of where clause to allow it to be more effecient, and narrow it down for you.
If you give more table information, We could be able to adjust and give you something further, but that is the best we can do without taking arbitrary guesses as to what you are trying to accomplish here.
One thing i can part unto you:
Select A.name, B.id from (Select A.name, A.date from A) join (Select B.id, B.date from B) on A.date = B.date;

sql, outer join

I have two tables, linked with an outer join. The relationship between the primary and secondary table is a 1 to [0..n]. The secondary table includes a timestamp column indicating when the record was added. I only want to retrieve the most recent record of the secondary table for each row in the primary. I have to use a group by on the primary table due to other tables also part of the SELECT. There's no way to use a 'having' clause though since this secondary table is not part of the group.
How can I do this without doing multiple queries?
For performance, try to touch the table least times
Option 1, OUTER APPLY
SELECT *
FROM
table1 a
OUTER APPY
(SELECT TOP 1 TimeStamp FROM table2 b
WHERE a.somekey = b.somekey ORDER BY TimeStamp DESC) x
Option 2, Aggregate
SELECT *
FROM
table1 a
LEFT JOIN
(SELECT MAX(TimeStamp) AS maxTs, somekey FROM table2
GROUP BY somekey) x ON a.somekey = x.somekey
Note: each table is mentioned once, no correlated subqueries
Something like:
SELECT a.id, b.*
FROM table1 a
INNER JOIN table2 b ON b.parentid = a.id
WHERE b.timestamp = (SELECT MAX(timestamp) FROM table2 c WHERE c.parentid = a.id)
Use LEFT JOIN instead of INNER JOIN if you want to show rows for IDs in table1 without any matches in table2.
select *
from table1 left outer join table2 a on
table1.id = a.table1_id
where
not exists (select 1 from table2 b where a.table1_id = b.table1_id and b.timestamp > a.timestamp)
The quickest way I know of is this:
SELECT
A.*,
B.SomeField
FROM
Table1 A
INNER JOIN (
SELECT
B1.A_ID,
B1.SomeField
FROM
Table2 B1
LEFT JOIN Table2 B2 ON (B1.A_ID=B2.A_ID) AND (B1.TimeStmp < B2.TimeStmp)
WHERE
B2.A_ID IS NULL
) B ON B.A_ID = A.ID